环戊烷和环己烷在silicalite-1上的吸附、扩散和热脱附

Adsorption,diffusion and thermal desorption features of cyclopentane and cyclohexane in silicalite-1 have beeninvestigated using the intelligent gravimetric technique.Both the saturation adsorption loadings and diffusion coef-ficient of cyclopentane were greater than those of cyclohexane.The diffusivity of cyclopentane was about one orderof magnitude greater than that of cyclohexane at the same temperature and initial loading.For cyclopentane,therewas only one kind of desorption process at adsorption loadings lower than 4 muc(molecule per unit cell),but twodesorption processes appeared at the adsorption loadings higher than 4 muc.While for cyclohexane,one desorptionprocess was found in the whole range of loadings.Both thermal desorption peaks of cyclopentane and cyclohexanemoved to higher temperature region with increasing loading.     

Adsorption Equilibrium of Alkanes on a High Surface Area Activated Carbon Prepared from Brazilian Coconut Shells

Adsorption equilibria of methane, ethane, and n-butane on a high surface area activated carbon prepared from Brazilian coconut shells is examined in this study. The material shows high capacities for the alkanes tested. A group-contribution theory is used to predict adsorption isotherms for all three components with very good accuracy employing one set of model parameters. The theory is also used to observe trends in isosteric heat of adsorption as a function of loading at various temperatures.     

Preparation of Silicalite-1 Within Macroporous Silica Glass

Microcrystalline silicalite-1 was formed on the inner surface of macroporus silica glasses prepared by the sol-gel process. By heating a homogeneous precursor solution at 100°C under a hydrothermal condition, 2–5 m of plate-like particles of silicalite-1 were deposited. With an increase of mixing time of the precursor solution, the number of silicalite-1 particles increased, accompanied by the relative decrease of the particle size. Depending on the temperature and the duration of the heat-treatment of the macroporous silica, the amount of deposited silicalite-1 varied. Below 1000°C, the amount increased with the heat-treatment temperature, as a result of the competition between the precipitation of silicalite-1 and the dissolution of silica from the macroporous silica glass under a strongly basic condition. On the other hand, above 1000°C the amount of deposited silicalite-1 decreased in accordance with the decrease of the macropore diameter by the heat-treatment, because of the limited transport of the dissolved silicate species through the smaller macropores.     

无定型二氧化硅在硅沸石表面上的固相转化

无定型二氧化硅在硅沸石表面上的固相转化龙英才（复旦大学化学系，上海，２００４３３）关键词硅沸石，固相转化，无定型二氧化硅硅沸石（Ｓｉｌｉｃａｌｉｔｅ－１）的晶体结构与ＺＳＭ－５相同，由于其疏水／亲有机物的独特吸附特性作为一种新型沸石吸附剂有广泛的应用...     

ZSM-5／Silicalite-1核壳分子筛含氟水热体系的合成及表征

以圆柱形ZSM-5为核,用柠檬酸对其外表面进行预处理后,在含氟壳层晶化体系中二次生长合成核壳分子筛.通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、N2吸附及氨程序升温脱附对分子筛进行了表征,并以甲苯歧化和1,3,5-三甲苯裂化为探针反应对分子筛性能进行了考察.结果显示,产物是以ZSM-5为核、silicalite-1纳米晶为壳的两相复合微孔分子筛材料;在含氟体系中ZSM-5外延生长出了致密壳层;全硅壳层的覆盖度约达到97%,核壳分子筛的外表面酸位随之减少,但基本保持孔道内的酸性。     

添加吐温40合成钛硅分子筛TS-1

 以自制的四丙基氢氧化铵（TPAOH）水溶液为模板剂，采用在水热晶化合成体系中添加少量非离子表面活性剂——吐温40的方法,合成了钛硅分子筛TS-1，可以明显减少TPAOH的用量，而且在一天之内，即可得到纳米尺寸的TS-1。运用XRD、TEM、BET、FT-IR及UV-Vis等表征手段考察了TS-1的结构及物理性能，并以丙烯环氧化为探针反应，考察其催化性能，得到的结果表明，用这种方法合成的TS-1样品具有较高的结晶度和较大的比表面积，晶貌呈均匀的立方体状，颗粒尺寸在100 nm左右，并且样品中含有极少量锐钛矿型TiO2，其催化丙烯环氧化反应性能较好。     

利用原位水热合成在二氧化硅陶瓷管上制备高性能的Silicalite-1分子筛膜

 利用原位水热合成法在二氧化硅陶瓷管上成功制备出高性能的silicalite-1分子筛膜,并利用扫描电子显微镜进行了表征. 结果表明,在二氧化硅陶瓷管上合成的分子筛膜比在氧化铝陶瓷管上合成的分子筛膜具有更高的分离性能和热稳定性,说明二氧化硅载体更适合制备高性能的silicalite-1分子筛膜.     

以纯硅silicalite-1为晶种制备空心结构ZSM-5沸石分子筛

微孔分子筛在实际应用过程中常常受到扩散限制的影响,分子筛内部的利用率不高.制备空心结构分子筛对于改善分子筛扩散传质、提高分子筛利用率具有重要意义.以纯硅silicalite-1为晶种,以四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)为结构导向剂制备ZSM-5分子筛,无定型硅铝物种首先在晶种表面晶化生长,同时碱性合成体系的碱度则可以溶解不...     

Analysis of Adsorbate–Adsorbate and Adsorbate–Adsorbent Interactions to Decode Isosteric Heats of Gas Adsorption

A qualitative interpretation is proposed to interpret isosteric heats of adsorption by considering contributions from three general classes of interaction energy: fluid–fluid heat, fluid–solid heat, and fluid—high‐energy site (HES) heat. Multiple temperature adsorption isotherms are defined for nitrogen, T=(75, 77, 79) K, argon at T=(85, 87, 89) K, and for water and methanol at T=(278, 288, 298) K on a well‐characterized polymer‐based, activated carbon. Nitrogen and argon are subjected to isosteric heat analyses; their zero filling isosteric heats of adsorption are consistent with slit‐pore, adsorption energy enhancement modelling. Water adsorbs entirely via specific interactions, offering decreasing isosteric heat at low pore filling followed by a constant heat slightly in excess of water condensation enthalpy, demonstrating the effects of micropores. Methanol offers both specific adsorption via the alcohol group and non‐specific interactions via its methyl group; the isosteric heat increases at low pore filling, indicating the predominance of non‐specific interactions.     

Adsorption and catalytic properties of enzymes on the surface of silicalite-1

Microporous hydrophobic silicalite-1 was used as a carrier for immobilization of different enzymes, such as horseradish peroxidase, calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase and two β-galactosidases of different origin, to create heterogeneous biocatalytic systems. The peculiarities of enzyme adsorption on the surface of silicalite-1, as well as catalytic properties of the obtained systems compared to enzyme activity in solution and on the surface of other carriers, are discussed.     

Sustainable Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous Silicalite-1 Zeolite by Steam-assisted Crystallization of Solid Raw Materials Without Secondary Templates

Hierarchical silicalite-1 zeolites were obtained from the direct conversion of a mixture of ground solid raw materials via a steam-assisted crystallization(SAC) method without involvement of any mesoscale template. Only a trace amount of water was necessary during the crystallization, implying that the amount of water can be dramatically reduced, which still offers easy separation and high yields. The simple procedure involved only grinding and heating, which not only saves resources and energy, but also significantly reduces the discharge of eco-friendly synthesis of zeolites for practical applications. Compared to conventional bulk silicalite-1, the nanosized hierarchical zeolites with MFI structure show enhanced removal capabilities for methylene blue owing to their hierarchical porosity.     

CO_2选择氧化低碳烷烃的研究进展

本文以低碳烷烃的选择催化氧化反应为对象 ,对几种 CO2 选择氧化低碳烷烃的反应工艺进行了归纳总结 ,重点分析讨论了催化氧化反应中 CO2 作为氧化剂的作用机制 ,并提出了研究展望。     

Recent Progress in Commercial and Novel Catalysts for Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Light Alkanes

Catalytic dehydrogenation of light alkanes can effectively produce olefins and hydrogen. Even though Pt and CrO_x‐based catalysts are widely applied in industry, research to improve the activity and stability of these catalysts continued. This review summarizes important achievements obtained in recent years, focusing on the development of supports, promoters and preparation methods of Pt and CrO_x‐based catalysts, which mainly aimed to improve the dispersion of the active species and to enhance coke resistance. Furthermore, the high cost of Pt‐based catalysts and environmental problems encountered with CrO_x‐based catalysts have spurred the development of alternative catalysts. The dehydrogenation performances and characteristics of promising alternative VO_x‐, modified Ni‐ and Sn‐based catalysts are also reviewed. Comparison with the catalytic reforming process of naphtha further probes the necessity of catalyst acidity in these two different processes. The choice of the dehydrogenation reactor is discussed, and future perspectives and research directions are indicated.     

预处理方法对钛硅沸石催化性能的影响

 采用不同的介质（HCl－H2O2,NH4F－H2O2,HNO3－H2O2,H2SO4－H2O2）对钛硅沸石TS－1进行预处理,并用IR,XRD,UV－Vis,XRF和27AlMASNMR对样品进行了表征;以丙烯环氧化为探针反应,考察了样品的催化性能．结果表明,经预处理后,TS－1中的TiO2均被脱除约20％,而Al几乎未被脱除;所脱除的TiO2为非骨架钛;环氧丙烷的选择性降低,但H2O2的有效利用率明显升高．特别是采用NH4F－H2O2预处理时,H2O2的转化率和有效利用率均提高10％．     

氢氟酸后处理对Silicalite-1催化环己酮肟气相Beckmann重排反应性能的影响

 研究了氢氟酸后处理对 silicalite-1 催化环己酮肟气相Beckmann重排反应性能的影响. 结果表明,经适当浓度的氢氟酸溶液处理后,催化剂的选择性和稳定性都明显改善. 其中, silicalite-1 原粉先经硝酸铵预处理后再进行氢氟酸后处理所得到的催化剂催化性能最好,反应53 h后环己酮肟的转化率仍保持在96%左右,己内酰胺的选择性高达96.1%. XRD, FT-IR和 29Si MAS NMR的结果表明,较高的具有氢键相互作用的硅羟基与孤立硅羟基的比例值对环己酮肟气相Beckmann重排反应有利,同时, silicalite-1 表面硅原子的排布方式对该反应也有重要影响.     

Thermal Non‐Oxidative Aromatization of Light Alkanes Catalyzed by Gallium Nitride

The thermal catalytic activity of GaN in non‐oxidative alkane dehydroaromatization has been discovered for the first time. The origin of the catalytic activity was studied experimentally and theoretically. Commercially available GaN powders with a wurtzite crystal structure showed superior stability and reactivity for converting light alkanes, including methane, propane, n‐butane, n‐hexane and cyclohexane into benzene at an elevated temperature with high selectivity. The catalyst is highly robust and can be used repeatedly without noticeable deactivation.     

Correlation of Adsorption Equilibrium Data for Water Vapor on F-200 Activated Alumina

Single component adsorption equilibrium data for water vapor on commercially available activated alumina F-200 measured in a previous study (Serbezov, 2003) is correlated by two adsorption isotherm equations, both of which are based on the adsorption potential theory. The first equation is the well known Dubinin-Astakhov (D-A) equation. The second equation is obtained from a methodology proposed by Kotoh et al. (1993). It is referred to as a dual mechanism adsorption potential (DMAP) equation because it is a linear combination of two D-A terms with n = 1 where each term accounts for a specific mechanism of water retention. The D-A equation has two fitting parameters; the DMAP equation has three fitting parameters. The DMAP model provides a better fit for the adsorption data than the D-A model, while neither model describes the desorption data well. Analysis of the DMAP equation parameters shows that most of the water is retained by virtue of capillary condensation. In addition to fitting the experimental data, the heat of adsorption was calculated as function of the relative humidity and adsorbent loading. When capillary condensation is present, the heat of adsorption is only slightly higher than the latent heat of vaporization.     

低碳烷烃选择氧化金属氧化物催化剂的结构与其催化性能的关系

基于金属氧化物催化剂的低碳烷烃选择氧化是催化研究的一个热点和难点, 而认识催化剂的结构与其催化性能之间的关系对于获得高效催化剂, 解决低碳烷烃选择氧化反应中存在的问题至关重要. 本文围绕催化剂的结构对其催化性能的影响, 概述了V-P-O、V-Sb-O、Mo-V-Te-Nb-O和V-Mg-O等几类典型的氧化物催化剂体系在这方面的研究进展. 结合我们开发的Re-Sb-O催化剂体系, 分析了多功能中心、活性位分离、两相协同效应等方面对金属氧化物催化剂的催化性能的影响. 这些认识将有助于设计合成性能优异的催化剂及实现低碳烷烃的选择氧化活化和定向转化.     

CO2选择氧化低碳烷烃的研究进展

本文以低碳烷烃的选择催化氧化反应为对象，对几种CO₂选择氧化低碳烷烃的反应工艺进行了归纳总结，重点分析讨论了催化氧化反应中CO₂作为氧化剂的作用机制，并提出了研究展望。