冷却孔附近三维流动的结构

本文简略综述了横流中射流研究的局部结构,并且采用数值模拟的方法,研究在给定横向流速和不同吹风比(0．5、1．0和1．5)条件下,圆形垂直射流孔附近区域三维定常流动的流场,以揭示局部流场的复杂涡系结构和形成机理。     

脉动冷却流对冷却孔出口附近流动结构的影响

为了探索新型高效能的气膜冷却技术,本文提出了一种脉冲射流冷却方法,并以平板上垂直方形冷却孔为几何模型,以正弦曲线分布的射流速度为冷却气流模型,采用非定常CFD数值模拟技术,在给定横向流速和非定常射流速度的条件下,对孔附近局部三维流场的非定常特性和流场结构进行了数值模拟研究.     

仿生射流孔形状减阻性能数值模拟及实验研究

针对横流中的侧向射流能够减小仿生射流表面摩擦阻力问题, 建立仿生射流表面模型, 利用SST k-ω湍模型对不同射流孔形状的仿生射流表面模型进行数值模拟, 并对数值模拟结果进行了实验验证. 结果表明: 当射流孔的流向长度和展向长度不变时, 3号模型的折线形射流孔减阻效果最好; 将折线形射流孔简化为圆弧形, 当r=3–5 mm时, 减阻率随着射流速度的增大而增大, 当r=4 mm时减阻效果最好, 最大减阻率为9.51%. 减阻原因: 通过射流孔向横向主流场中注入射流流体, 改变了射流表面附近边界层的流场结构, 使得边界层黏性底层厚度增加, 垂直于射流表面的法向速度梯度减小, 从而减小了壁面剪应力; 低速的射流流体被封锁在边界层内, 降低了高速流体对壁面的扫掠, 达到了减阻目的.     

射流注入角对平板气膜冷却特性影响的实验研究

本文对不同射流注入角的典型单排孔冷却结构的平板气膜冷却特性进行了实验研究,研究对象为轴线与主流来流方向分别成30°、60°、90°的射流孔板,对它们在吹风比为0.5、1.0、1.5条件下的射流孔下游的绝热气膜冷却效率分布特性进行了分析.在吹风比M=0.5时,三个射流注入角条件下近孔区域都能形成较好的冷气覆盖效果;M=1.0时,三者的下游横向平均冷却效率基本相同;M=1.5时,注入角60°的条件下冷却效果最好.     

矩形弯曲冷却孔绕流的数值研究

本文以平板矩形孔为对象,利用商业软件NUMECA的Fine/Turbo求解器,并采用Spalart-Allmaras一方程湍流模型,在定常假设的条件下,通过数值模拟得到不同速度比时直方孔和弯曲方孔附近的三维流动结构,探讨冷却孔弯曲对减弱肾形的效果。同时讨论了肾形涡发展演变的拓扑结构。     

射流式氧发生器的三维模拟研究

实现了对射流式氧发生器的三维仿真模拟,给出了氧发生器内部流场结构、各组分的分布状态等信息。研究了射流孔结构对氧发生器性能的影响。指出即便是具有相同比表面积的不同射流孔排布方式,也会对发生器性能产生影响。此外,逆向射流式氧发生器反应器中气体从双侧进入对于减小发生器对气体的阻力具有重要作用。     

新型双射流冷却孔对气膜冷却效率影响的研究

气膜冷却是现代航空燃气轮机涡轮冷却技术的一种重要方法,冷却孔形状的改进是提高气膜冷却效率的重要手段。本文对双射流冷却孔形状进行了改型,并对新型双射流冷却孔在吹风比分别为0．5,1．0,1．5,2．0时的冷却效率进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明新型双射流冷却孔与原双射流冷却孔相比在各吹风比下均优化了气膜在热表面上的分布,抑制...     

矩形高速流场的材料去除特性

为了提高射流抛光的加工效率,设计了一种矩形喷嘴结构,基于并行去除方式来提高工件的去除效率。根据流体力学基本理论,分析了矩形喷嘴冲击射流流场的结构特性,并对其流场分布进行了定量计算。基于射流去除理论,建立了矩形喷嘴的材料去除理论模型,并对去除量分布进行了计算与比较。详细分析了矩形喷嘴结构参数与去除量之间的关系,在此基础上对矩形喷嘴进行了优化,结果表明,矩形喷嘴长宽比控制在10左右能够得到很好的去除效果。     

离体射流对S809翼型气动性能的影响

在Re=5×106的条件下,分别在S809翼型前缘点附近不同位置处设置离体射流装置,改变射流动量的大小和射流口宽度,探究其对S809翼型气动性能的影响.并通过流场分析,研究这种流动控制手段有效的物理机理.结果表明:在射流装置位置和射流口宽度固定时,射流动量的大小对控制效果影响显著;在S809翼型表面附近设置微小离体射流...     

自激励旋进射流的流场及换热模拟

本文使用大涡模拟模型对自激励旋进射流的内部流场和冲击平板换热的温度场进行数值模拟,得到了不同进口Re数和不同膨胀比情况下的旋进射流的内部流场和冲击平板的温度场,并在此基础上分析了不同进口Re数和不同膨胀比对换热Nu数的影响.数值模拟表明,在本文所研究的进口Re数和膨胀比的变化范围内可以得到自激励旋进射流,射流对加热平板的冷却具有不对称的特征,Re数和膨胀比的增加对Nu数都有影响.     

An investigation into melt flow dynamics during repetitive pulsed laser drilling of transparent media

This paper presents an investigation into the dynamics of repetitive pulsed laser drilling of a visually transparent media using a CO₂ laser source. This enabled the use of a high-speed imaging system for observing, in real time, the behaviour of the drilling process in the laser drilled cavity of 1.5 mm diameter holes of up to 18.5 mm in depth. The work revealed that the instantaneous drilling velocity within each laser pulse can vary considerably from the average drilling velocity as a result of the non-uniform temporal pulse shape and the oscillation of the melt ejection rate. During beam breakthrough, both upward and downward melt ejections were observed to occur inside the drilled hole for a short period of time, after which the material was ejected through the exit end of the holes. It has been shown in this work that the downward melt flow velocity increases with hole depth for a positively tapered hole (from 0.09 to 1.43 m/s) and decreases with hole depth for a negatively tapered hole geometry (from 0.4 to 0.1 m/s), as a result of the change in the assist gas velocity inside the drilled hole with respect to the hole taper geometry. The mechanisms of forming the positively and negatively tapered holes in the transparent media have been correlated with the hole geometry and melt flow velocity. The work has demonstrated a new method of studying the melt dynamics in laser drilling.     

Directional excitation of surface plasmon polaritons in structure of subwavelength metallic holes

In this paper, we propose a structure formed by two subwavelength holes fabricated in a metal film to realize directional excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The holes are employed as SPP sources, and the relative phase of SPPs generated at the hole exit end can be adjusted by changing the dielectric material filled in holes. Using the difference in relative phase values of SPP for two holes filled with different dielectric media, the SPPs can interfere constructively along one direction while destructively along the opposite direction. Our theoretical analysis is verified by the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. Moreover, the directional excitation of SPPs in two-hole array structure is also discussed. It is found that the effect of SPPs directional excitation is improved with the increase of the number of two-hole.     

A comprehensive study of the long pulse Nd:YAG laser drilling of multi-layer carbon fibre composites

The results of an extensive experimental study of the free running Nd:YAG laser drilling of a multi-layer carbon fibre composite, where adjacent layers have differently orientated fibres, are reported. For holes drilled with the laser operating in fixed-Q mode at 1064 nm, parallel sections of blind holes illustrating discontinuities in the hole size along a given section direction will be shown to occur at the interface between adjacent layers. An explanation for this effect is proposed. Detailed single pulse drilling characteristics will be presented illustrating the exit hole diameter as a function of pulse energy and material thickness. These characteristics illustrate a ‘stable' drilling regime in which the exit hole diameters are least sensitive to changes in pulse energy or material thickness and a less ‘stable' regime in which they are more strongly dependent on these parameters. Drilling characteristics will be given for two different beam qualities, illustrating the greater drilling depth and reduced hole size achievable with an improved beam quality. Finally holes drilled through a 2 mm thick sample of material with multiple pulses are considered. Size distribution curves for entrance and exit holes will be presented. The total energy required (number of pulses × pulse energy) to drill through 2 mm thick material will be reported as a function of pulse energy in stationary air and argon atmospheres and in a partial vacuum, illustrating a threshold energy which is dependent upon the drilling atmosphere. The threshold energies will be discussed with reference to plasma formation and the reactivity of the drilling atmosphere.     

Polarization properties of subwavelength hole arrays consisting of rectangular holes

The influence of hole shape on extraordinary optical transmission was investigated using hole arrays consisting of rectangular holes with different aspect ratios. It was found that the transmission could be tuned continuously by rotating the hole array. Furthermore, a phase was generated in this process, and linear polarization states could be changed to elliptical polarization states. This phase was correlated with the aspect ratio of the holes. An intuitional model was presented to explain these results.     

Hawking Radiation as a Possible Probe for the Interior Structure of Regular Black Holes

The notion of black hole singularity and the proof of the singularity theorem were considered great successes in classical general relativity whereas they meanwhile brought with deep puzzles. Conceptual challenges were set up by the intractability of the singularity. The existence of black hole horizons which cover up the black hole interior including the singularity from outside observers, builds an information curtain, further hindering physicists from understanding the nature of the singularity and the interior structure of black holes. The regular black hole is a concept produced out of multiple attempts of establishing a tractable and understandable interior structure for black holes as well as avoiding the singularity behind the black hole horizon. The practicality of the new constructions of black holes would be considered more reliable if there can be found some connection between the interior of regular black holes and some far-reaching signals released from the black hole. After studying the Hawking radiation by fermion tunnelling from one type of regular black hole, structure dependent results were obtained. The result being structure dependent hints the prospects of employing the Hawking radiation as a method to probe into the structure of black holes.     

Electron hole generation and propagation in an inhomogeneous collisionless plasma

The generation of "trains" of electron holes in phase space due to an external electrostatic disturbance is investigated by using a Vlasov-Ampere code with open boundary conditions. Electron holes are produced mostly during the initial phase of the wave-plasma interaction, with a given drift velocity which is maintained until they exit the integration box, even in the presence of plasma inhomogeneities. They present macroscopic features, a dipolar electrostatic field and an electron density perturbation, which can be exploited for diagnostic purposes. Their equilibrium is intrinsically kinetic, in that they are accompanied by a stationary hole in the electron distribution function.     

Orbital and epicyclic motion of charged test particles around non-rotating Einstein-Æther black holes

The study of charged test particle dynamics in the combined black hole gravitational field and magnetic field around it could provide important theoretical insight into astrophysical processes around such compact object. We have explored the orbital and epicyclic motion of charged test particles in the background of non-rotating Einstein-Æther black holes in the presence of external uniform magnetic field. We numerically integrate the equations of motion and analyze the trajectories of the charged test particles. We examined the stability of circular orbits using effective potential technique and study the characteristics of innermost stable circular orbits. We analyze the key features of quasi-harmonic oscillations of charged test particles nearby the stable circular orbits in an equatorial plane of the black hole, and investigate the radial profiles of the frequencies of latitudinal as well as radial harmonic oscillations in dependence on the strength of magnetic field, mass of the black hole and dimensionless coupling constants of the theory. We demonstrate that the magnetic field and dimensionless parameters of the theory have strong influence on charged particle motion around Einstein-Æther black holes.     

Black hole solutions in heterotic string theory on a torus

We construct the general electrically charged, rotating black hole solution in the heterotic string theory compactified on a six-dimensional torus and study its classical properties. This black hole is characterized by its mass, angular momentum, and a 28-dimensional electric charge vector. We recover the axion-dilaton black holes and Kaluza-Klein black holes for special values of the charge vector. For a generic black hole of this kind, the 28-dimensional magnetic dipole moment vector is not proportional to the electric charge vector, and we need two different gyromagnetic ratios for specifying the relation between these two vectors. We also give an algorithm for constructing a 58 parameter rotating dyonic black hole solution in this theory, characterized by its mass, angular momentum, a 28-dimensional electric charge vector and a 28-dimensional magnetic charge vector. This is the most general asymptotically flat black hole solution in this theory consistent with the no-hair theorem.