反应扩散系统中螺旋波的失稳

文章以反应扩散系统为例,介绍了在可激发系统与振荡系统中螺旋波产生、发展、演化的一些基本性质及规律,并讨论了作者近年来对螺旋波的各种失稳途径、时空混沌的产生机理及螺旋波控制方面所做的实验与理论工作,重点讨论了两类螺旋波失稳现象：爱克豪斯失稳与多普勒失稳,两类失稳都使系统从有规律的螺旋波态变为时空混沌（缺陷湍流）态。     

旋转中心力场消除螺旋波和时空混沌

研究了中心力场中螺旋波和时空混沌的控制问题.通过外界机械力旋转系统来产生中心力场，数值计算表明：该方案可以很好消除Fitzhugh-Nagumo 和Panfilov系统的螺旋波和时空混沌，即使在外部力场作用一小段时间 (大约20到50时间单位)后，系统也将很快达到均匀稳定态. 而且该方案对于噪声具有一定的鲁棒性，与所选择的模型无关. 关键词： 螺旋波 Fitzhugh-Nagumo Panfilov     

反应扩散系统中反螺旋波与反靶波的数值研究

采用三变量Brusselator扩展模型在二维空间对反应扩散系统中反螺旋波和反靶波进行了数值模拟,利用色散关系和参量的时空变化研究了反螺旋波与反靶波的形成机制和时空特性,分析了方程参数对反螺旋波与反靶波的影响,获得了多种不同臂数的反螺旋波.模拟结果表明：反螺旋波源于波失稳、霍普失稳,或两种失稳的共同作用,而在反靶波中除上述两种失稳外还同时存在图灵失稳,波的传播方向均由外向内;反螺旋波波头的相位运动方向与波的走向相同,且旋转周期随臂数的增加逐渐增大;多臂数的反螺旋波由于受微扰及边界条件的影响,在波头的持续旋转运动中可以向臂数少的反螺旋波发生转变,并且在一定条件下单臂反螺旋波可实现到反靶波的转变;当不活跃中间物质的浓度的扩散系数超过临界值时,波的传播方向发生改变,系统可以实现反螺旋波到螺旋波以及反靶波到靶波的转变.     

局部激励法产生靶波来消除螺旋波

提出采用局部激励方法产生靶波来消除抑制激发介质中的漂移(和稳定的)螺旋波．通过在系统中任意选择一个格点进行采样，将采样格点信号反馈到系统局部区域可产生一个稳定的靶波．数值计算表明：该方法可以消除均匀和非均匀介质(扩散系数随时间或空间变化)中的螺旋波(稳定旋转的螺旋波和漂移的螺旋波)，并且对于时空噪声具有一定的抗干扰性．     

FitzHugh-Nagumo系统中螺旋波的控制

采用FitzHugh-Nagumo方程,研究了二维时空系统中螺旋波的控制问题,利用相空间压缩方法对部分系统变量的振幅进行限制从而影响螺旋波的稳定性.研究表明,控制过程可分为三个不同的阶段:在较小压缩限条件下螺旋波可以被完全消除,系统进入均匀定态;在较大的压缩限条件下螺旋波能够稳定存在,而且其振荡频率不随控制参数的改变而发生变化;当压缩限介于上述两者之间时,系统表现为时空混沌态.对上述控制过程进行了进一步的讨论,研究了不同控制参数条件下的系统斑图、变量的演化、相空间轨道等性质,并且对振幅函数和振荡频率特征进 关键词： 螺旋波 相空间压缩 FitzHugh-Nagumo方程     

钾扩散耦合引起的心脏中螺旋波的变化

在某些情况下, 心肌细胞外的钾离子浓度是变化的, 钾离子的横向扩散会导致细胞外钾离子的聚集和产生钾扩散耦合, 用考虑钾扩散耦合的Luo-Rudy相I心脏模型研究了钾扩散耦合对螺旋波动力学的影响. 数值模拟结果表明: 当钾扩散耦合比较强时, 钾扩散耦合使细胞外钾离子浓度先升高, 然后做规则振荡, 导致螺旋波做无规则漫游; 观察到螺旋波的波臂宽度和频率随钾扩散耦合的强度增大而减小, 这样, 当钾扩散耦合足够强时, 钾扩散耦合可以消除螺旋波和时空混沌. 关键词： 钾扩散耦合 螺旋波 时空混沌     

激发介质中螺旋波的波尖运动

讨论二维激发介质中螺旋波的运动规律，用摄动法将螺旋波的波前运动分成切向和法向两部分，得到了相应的切向运动方程和法向运动方程.当考虑波尖时，得到波尖运动的基本规律以及扭曲环和长扭曲链的波尖轨迹.当考虑波前及其扰动时，不仅得到普通螺旋波，而且可解释超螺旋波和双螺旋波的结构. 关键词：     

用于波前补偿实验的对流湍流系统的光学特性

描述一种用于波前补偿实验的对流湍流系统，它用水或乙醇为介质，在采用了自行研制的平板式加热和冷却器后，不仅湍流强度易于控制，温度起伏谱和大气相似，具有较宽的惯性区和较好的重复性，而且比实际大气湍流更平稳。本系统除可用于自适应光学系统的波前补偿试验和湍流与热晕相互作用的研究外，还可用于其它激光通过湍流大气的模拟实验研究。     

随机相位扰动抑制激发介质中漂移的螺旋波

研究了一类二维变量描述的激发系统中漂移螺旋波的抑制问题.通过在整个系统中局部注入带随机相位的电信号，如在系统256×256格点的边界或中心区域中选取4×4或者5×5格点区域施加一个带随机相位的外部激励电信号，在系统内部产生一个持续的靶波信号，实现靶波对螺旋波的动态竞争.数值计算表明：该方法对于Barkley模型中螺旋波有很强的抑制作用，与简单的局部周期信号驱动比较，具有暂态过程比较短的特点，而且对于时空噪声具有一定的抗干扰性.在一定的噪声范围内，即使系统出现不均匀性，也可以观测到靶波，新出现的靶波对螺旋波有抑制作用. 关键词： 螺旋波 靶波 Barkley模型 随机相位     

时空调制引起的漫游螺旋波与旅行螺旋波共存现象

以Barkley模型为研究对象, 研究了在时空调制作用下螺旋波时空动力学行为特性. 发现在适当的调制参数的作用下, 能够在同一系统中同时观察到漫游螺旋波与旅行螺旋波. 通过数值模拟研究分析, 给出了能产生漫游螺旋波与旅行螺旋波共存现象的潜在机理, 并详细讨论了在Barkley 模型中要产生这种共存现象的两个必要条件. 关键词： 时空调制 漫游螺旋波 旅行螺旋波     

Stabilization of spiral wave and turbulence in the excitable media using parameter perturbation scheme

This paper proposes a scheme of parameter perturbation to suppress the stable rotating spiral wave, meandering spiral wave and turbulence in the excitable media, which is described by the modified Fitzhug-Nagumo （MFHN） model. The controllable parameter in the MFHN model is perturbed with a weak pulse and the pulse period is decided by the rotating period of the spiral wave approximatively. It is confirmed that the spiral wave and spiral turbulence can be suppressed greatly. Drift and instability of spiral wave can be observed in the numerical simulation tests before the whole media become homogeneous finally.     

Controlling spiral wave with target wave in oscillatory systems

Spiral waves have been controlled by generating target waves with a localized inhomogeneity in the oscillatory medium. The competition between the spiral waves and target waves is discussed. The effect of the localized inhomogeneity size has also been studied.     

Symmetry groups and spiral wave solution of a wave propagation equation

We study a third-order nonlinear evolution equation, which can be transformed to the modified KdV equation, using the Lie symmetry method. The Lie point symmetries and the one-dimensional optimal system of the symmetry algebras are determined. Those symmetries are some types of nonlocal symmetries or hidden symmetries of the modified KdV equation. The group-invariant solutions, particularly the travelling wave and spiral wave solutions, are discussed in detail, and a type of spiral wave solution which is smooth in the origin is obtained.     

耦合复金兹堡-朗道(Ginzburg-Landau)方程中的模螺旋波

以双层耦合复金兹堡-朗道(Ginzburg-Landau)方程系统为时空模型, 研究了其中的模螺旋波, 讨论了这种特殊波动现象的稳定条件和相关影响因素. 模螺旋波与该类时空系统中常见的相螺旋波相比, 其中心不存在缺陷点, 同时仅在其变量的振幅部分(而非相位部分) 表现为螺旋结构. 本文通过数值方法研究了耦合复金兹堡-朗道方程中产生模螺旋波所需要的初始和参数条件.研究表明, 当双层耦合系统的初始斑图之间的差距较大时, 才能够产生模螺旋波; 同时观察到系统在参数不匹配的条件下会发生相螺旋波向模螺旋波的转变.通过对同步函数的计算, 发现该转变过程具有非连续性.     

Distributed predictive control of spiral wave in cardiac excitable media

In this paper, we propose the distributed predictive control strategies of spiral wave in cardiac excitable media. The modified FitzHugh--Nagumo model was used to express the cardiac excitable media approximately. Based on the control-Lyapunov theory, we obtained the distributed control equation, which consists of a positive control-Lyapunov function and a positive cost function. Using the equation, we investigate two kinds of robust control strategies: the time-dependent distributed control strategy and the space-time dependent distributed control strategy. The feasibility of the strategies was demonstrated via an illustrative example, in which the spiral wave was prevented to occur, and the possibility for inducing ventricular fibrillation was eliminated. The strategies are helpful in designing various cardiac devices. Since the second strategy is more efficient and robust than the first one, and the response time in the second strategy is far less than that in the first one, the former is suitable for the quick-response control systems. In addition, our spatiotemporal control strategies, especially the second strategy, can be applied to other cardiac models, even to other reaction-diffusion systems.     

复Ginzburg-Landau方程中模螺旋波的稳定性研究

研究了复Ginzburg-Landau方程系统中模螺旋波与其他斑图在同一平面内的竞争行为,发现演化结果在系统参数平面内可分为四个主要区域:在I区和III区中,模螺旋波与相螺旋波相比稳定性较差,模螺旋波的空间被相螺旋波所入侵.在II区中,模螺旋波具有较强的稳定性,相螺旋波的空间被模螺旋波所入侵.在IV区内,由于时空混沌所导致的频率不稳定性,演化的结果较为复杂.我们通过对模螺旋波、相螺旋波以及时空混沌的频率分析,发现当模螺旋波的系统参数为α1=-1.34,β1=0.35时,较高频率的模螺旋波具有较好的稳定性,高频模螺旋波可以入侵低频斑图空间.竞争结果主要受系统变量实部的频率影响,频率分析所得到的理论结果与数值实验结果符合得非常好.     

Correlation dimension analysis and capillary wave turbulence in Dragon-Wash phenomena

This paper describes the evolution of surface capillary waves of deep water excited by gradually increasing the lateral external force at a single frequency. The vertical velocities of the water surface are measured by using a Polytec Laser Vibrometer with a thin layer of aluminium powder scattering on the surface to reflect the laser beam. Nonlinear interaction processes result in a stationary Fourier spectrum of the vertical surface velocities （the same as the surface elevation）, i.e. Iω -ω^-3-5. The observed spectrum can be interpreted as a wave-turbulent Kolmogorov spectrum for the case of ‘narrowband pumping＇ for a direct cascade of energy. Correlation dimension analysis of the whole development process reveals four distinct stages during the wave structure development and identifies the wave turbulence stage.     

Control of scroll wave turbulence in a three-dimensional reaction-diffusion system with gradient

In this paper, we summarize our recent experimental and theoretical works on observation and control of scroll wave (SW) turbulence. The experiments were conducted in a three-dimensional Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction-diffusion system with chemical concentration gradients in one dimension. A spatially homogeneous external forcing was used in the experiments as a control; it was realized by illuminating white light on the light sensitive reaction medium. We observed that, in the oscillatory regime of the system, SW can appear automatically in the gradient system, which will be led to spatiotemporal chaos under certain conditions. A suitable periodic forcing may stabilize inherent turbulence of SW. The mechanism of the transition to SW turbulence is due to the phase twist of SW in the presence of chemical gradients, while modulating the phase twist with a proper periodic forcing can delay this transition. Using the FitzHugh-Nagumo model with an external periodic forcing, we confirmed the control mechanism with numerical simulation. Moreover, we also show in the simulation that adding temporal external noise to the system may have the same control effect. During this process, we observed a new state called "intermittent turbulence," which may undergo a transition into a new type of SW collapse when the noise intensity is further increased. The intermittent state and the collapse could be explained by a random process.     

Formation and instability of spiral wave induced by Gaussian coloured noise

In this paper, we studied the effect of Gaussian coloured noise on the formation and instability of spiral waves described by one class of modified FitzHugh--Nagumo equation. It was found that Gaussian coloured noise plays a constructive role in the formation, transition and instability of spiral wave. Too weak or too strong noise may act against the formation of spiral waves. At a certain noise level, spiral wave is maintained in a medium, in which spiral wave cannot be observed in the absence of the noise. It is difficult to make a stable spiral wave into unstable state by Gaussian coloured noise, unless the noise level is very high. The parameter regions of Gaussian coloured noise for spiral forming and spiral instability were given and discussed with numerical simulations.