碱消解-离子色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱(IC-ICP-MS)法测定土壤中的六价铬

采用碱消解土壤溶液提取土壤溶液中的六价铬,用离子色谱(IC)进行分离,有效避免了高盐及焰色反应的干扰,电感耦合等离子体质谱(IC P-M S)法进行检测.研究了消解液使用量、消解温度、消解时间等因素,测定结果和火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)法进行对比.结果表明,当称样量为5.0 g,消解液40.0 mL,磷酸缓冲溶液0....     

碱消解-离子色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱(IC-ICP-MS)法测定土壤中的六价铬

采用碱消解土壤溶液提取土壤溶液中的六价铬,用离子色谱(IC)进行分离,有效避免了高盐及焰色反应的干扰,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法进行检测。研究了消解液使用量、消解温度、消解时间等因素,测定结果和火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)法进行对比。结果表明,当称样量为5.0 g,消解液40.0 mL,磷酸缓冲溶液0.4 mL,无水氯化镁0.4 g,消解温度在90～95℃范围内消解0.75 h能保证土壤中六价铬的完全提取。方法检出限为0.01 mg/kg,相对标准偏差为3.5%,土壤标准物质的回收率为92.4%;与FAAS法(检出限0.35 mg/kg,精密度为6.3%)相比,检出限更低,精密度更好,抗干扰能力强;通过实际样品的测定结果统计学检验,两种方法结果无显著性差异;方法适用于土壤中低浓度六价铬的测定。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定玩具中可迁移六价铬

在前期工作的基础上,制备了色粉、泡泡水、塑料和涂层等4种代表性六价铬阳性样品,涵盖2009/48/EC玩具新指令涉及的三类玩具材料;考察了实际样品中色谱干扰、三价铬含量、样品基体等因素对六价铬检测的影响,为实际检测工作提供参考;以墨水为实际样品,通过加标回收测试,确定了方法定量限为2μg/kg,可以满足2009/48/EC中六价铬为5μg/kg的限值要求;实验室间比对实验结果表明,方法具有良好的精密度。     

反相离子对色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定聚氯乙烯塑料中六价铬

称取经粉碎研磨的聚氯乙烯(PVC)塑料样品(2.500 0g),加入碱性提取剂(每升溶液中含20.0g氢氧化钠和30.0g无水碳酸钠)50mL和pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液0.5mL,再加入0.4g无水氯化镁和2滴辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚进行微波消解提取,所得提取液经减压过滤,收集滤液和洗涤液。调节此溶液的pH至7.5±0.5,并用水定容至100.0mL,经0.45μm滤膜过滤,取滤液供反相离子对色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析。选用XTerra-C18反相色谱柱作为固定相,流动相为2mmol·L^-1四正丁基硫酸氢铵溶液(此溶液每升中含甲醇50mL,并调节pH至7.0),流量为1.0mL·min^-1,进行等度洗脱。在此条件下,Cr(Ⅲ)与Cr(Ⅵ)可按其保留时间的不同达到很好分离,Cr(Ⅲ)与Cr(Ⅵ)的保留时间分别为1.732,4.966min。质谱测定中采用单氦气碰撞反应模式消除多原子离子的干扰。Cr(Ⅵ)的质量浓度在0.50~200μg·L^-1内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.10μg·L^-1。应用此方法分析PVC标准物质[RMA 034,其中Cr(Ⅵ)的认定值为(9.3±0.9)mg·kg^-1],Cr(Ⅵ)的测定值为9.19mg·kg^-1,其相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.2%,还用此方法分析了3种PVC的日常用品,并用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率为94.2%~101%。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定环境水样中5种重金属元素

建立了一种电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定环境水样中Cu、Zn、Mn、Pb、Cd 5种重金属元素含量的方法。经过仪器条件优化和干扰校正后,方法中5种元素的工作曲线的相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.014~0.22μg/L。对加入国家标准物质作为质控样15个批次的环境水样进行统计分析并绘制质控图。同时与原子吸收光谱法测定结果进行对比分析,测定值与标准值基本一致,质控样的测定值基本都在控制线范围之内。结果表明,方法精密度和准确度均能满足环境水样的分析,ICPMS法更适用于大批量、多样化环境水样的监测分析。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定岩石中的稀土元素

样品用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸密闭分解,加入硫酸至冒烟,冷却后制备成硝酸介质溶液,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm;用过氧化钠熔融分解,水提取沉淀分离,沉淀用硝酸溶解,使用ICP-MS法测定Y,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu。根据岩石标准物质的分析结果评价方法的准确度和精密度。方法检出限(6σ)为0.002~0.021μg/g,相对标准偏差(n=12)为1.2%~9.6%,方法可用于批量岩石中稀土元素的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定钒银矿中硒

提出了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定钒银矿中硒的含量。样品经逆王水加高氯酸溶解,并采用内标法消除了可能存在的质谱干扰。实验结果表明,方法检出限为0.066ng/mL,加标回收率为94%~104%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于5.0%。方法简单、快速、准确,适用于钒银矿中硒含量的测定。     

液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水嘴中六价铬和三价铬析出量

采用硝酸和氨水体系为流动相,等度洗脱方式,建立了液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(LC-ICP-MS)同时测定水嘴浸泡液中超痕量六价铬和三价铬的方法。考察了不同p H值、质谱条件等因素对实验体系的影响,使用动态反应技术(DRC)消除离子干扰。通过优化实验,实现了六价铬和三价铬的分离,避免了高含量三价铬对低含量六价铬出峰的干扰。测得六价铬和三价铬的检出限分别为0.013,0.028μg/L,线性范围分别0.02~10μg/L和0.04~20μg/L,加标回收率为76.0%~116.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.8%和2.8%。该方法样品用量小、检出限低、快速、准确,能够满足水嘴产品的检测需求。     

微波灰化-高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定茶叶中的铬酸铅

为了准确测定茶叶中铬酸铅的含量,为市场监管提供判断依据,本文建立了微波灰化-高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定茶叶中铬酸铅的方法。茶叶样品经微波灰化仪在500 ℃的条件下,灰化50 min后,用0.25 mol·L-1的NaOH和0.14 mol·L-1的Na2CO3混合碱性提取液在90 ℃-95 ℃温度下不间断搅拌提取10 min,提取液经色谱柱分离后,用ICP-MS测定52Cr。研究表明该方法在5.00 μg·L-1-500 μg·L-1范围内,线性良好,相关系数为0.9998,方法检出限低至2.5 mg·kg-1,三水平加标回收率为91.30 %～95.33 %,精密度在1.14 %～1.99 %之间。与电炉灼烧茶叶相比,微波灰化茶具有检出限低,精密度高,准确度良好等特性,能够满足茶叶中铬酸铅的测定。 关键词 微波灰化;高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法;铬酸铅;茶叶     

液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)法测定蔬菜中不同形态的铬

蔬菜中不同价态铬元素分析检测能对蔬菜中铬的营养与安全做出正确的评价。为了准确的了解蔬菜中铬的含量及危害,本研究利用高效液相色谱仪-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（HPLC-ICP-MS）联用技术,以姜、番薯、莲藕等3种蔬菜作为主要研究对象,优化合理有效的提取方式,分离技术以及采集方法,建立测定蔬菜中三价铬和六价铬含量的铬形态分析方法。研究结果表明,以10 mmol/L EDTA-硝酸铵溶液作为提取溶剂,在50 ℃温度下提取络合15 min,该提取方式既保证三价铬完全络合,又能减少六价铬的转化;以 pH值为7.0,50 mmol/L硝酸铵溶液作为流动相,选择52Cr作为铬的质量数,采用氦气碰撞模式进行采集分析,可以在5 min内完成三价铬与六价铬的有效分离和测定;该方法的线性范围为5~200 μg/L,相关系数均大于 0.9999,三价铬与六价铬的方法检出限分别为 0.010 mg/kg 和 0.015mg/kg,精密度RSD分别为0.93% 和1.32%,加标回收结果良好,各技术指标表明该方法能满足测定的需求;本研究所建立的方法前处理操作简单且合理有效、检出限低、准确性和重复性好,可实现对蔬菜中铬形态的快速准确分析。     

离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定大气颗粒物PM2.5和PM10中的六价铬

建立了大气颗粒物PM_2.5、PM₁₀中六价铬（Cr（Ⅵ））的离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱（IC-ICP-MS）检测方法。采用碳酸氢钠（NaHCO₃）溶液超声提取大气颗粒物样品中的Cr（Ⅵ）,并使用含有0.22 g/L 乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐（Na₂EDTA）的75 mmol/L硝酸铵溶液（pH 7.0）淋洗液通过离子色谱柱（AG7,50 mm×4 mm）分离出样品中的Cr（Ⅵ）,电感耦合等离子体质谱测定。标准溶液中Cr（Ⅵ）的质量浓度在0.05~5 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数达0.9999,标准溶液测定的精密度为1.0%~4.0%,标准样品测定的相对误差为3.3%;纤维素滤膜适用于Cr（Ⅵ）的采样,将纤维素滤膜碱化后,Cr（Ⅵ）的回收率从75%增加到102%;样品在20 mmol/L碳酸氢钠溶液中超声30 min后上机测试,提取完全且回收率稳定;当采样体积为20 m³,方法的检出限为0.0004 ng/m³;采集并测定了PM_2.5及PM₁₀实际样品,样品的加标回收率为91.6%~102%,精密度为1.7%~7.6%。该方法高效、稳定、灵敏,适用于大气颗粒物中六价铬的测定。     

微波灰化-液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定干食用菌中的三价铬和六价铬

建立了干食用菌中三价铬(Cr(Ⅲ))和六价铬(Cr(Ⅵ))的液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(LC-ICP-MS)检测方法。采用微波灰化技术对食用菌样品进行灰化处理,灰化样品用乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)二钠盐稳定其中的Cr(Ⅲ),并使其保留在阴离子交换柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,10 μm)上;用含有60 mmol/L硝酸(pH 9.3)的流动相分离其中的Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ),电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定。标准溶液中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的质量浓度在0.5~50 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归系数均达到0.9999。食用菌样品中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)不同加入量的平均回收率为78.0%~90.7%,相对标准偏差小于4%(n=6);定量限均为0.5 μg/L。该方法稳定、可靠、灵敏,可满足干食用菌中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定手机壳套中14种可迁移元素

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定手机壳套中14种可迁移元素含量的方法。样品经人工模拟汗液溶液振荡处理,使14种特定元素迁移至模拟溶液中,然后进行微波消解,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对消解液进行测定。14种元素在各自的质量浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限为0.004~0.400μg/L。样品加标回收率为88.2%~99.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.5%~9.3%(n=5)。该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,线性范围广,定量准确,适用于手机壳套中14种可迁移元素含量的测定。     

Selective determination of airborne hexavalent chromium using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A new method for determining ultra-trace levels of hexavalent chromium in ambient air has been developed. The method involves a 24-h sampling of air into potassium hydroxide solution, followed by silica gel column separation of chromium (VI), then preconcentration by complexation and solvent extraction. The chromium (VI) complex was dissolved in nitric acid. The resultant chromium ions were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) using a dynamic reaction cell (DRC) with ammonia as the reactive gas to reduce polyatomic interferences. The interconversion of chromium in potassium hydroxide solution and air sample matrix were investigated under ambient conditions. It was found that there was no conversion of chromium (VI) into chromium (III) species. However, it was observed that some chromium (III) species were converted into chromium (VI) species. For a KOH solution containing 100 μg l⁻¹ of chromium (III) species, the rate of conversion was found to be 3% after 24 h exposure, 8% after 48 h, 10% after 72 h and no further conversion was observed thereafter. However, in a solution containing air sample matrix, 9.3% of chromium (III) converted to chromium (VI) within 6 h, and during the course of a 11-day exposure period, 13% (range 8–17%) of chromium (III) converted to chromium (VI). The method detection limit (MDL) for chromium (VI) in potassium hydroxide solution (0.025 M) was found to be 2×10⁻² μg l⁻¹. This is equivalent to 0.2 ng m⁻³ (for 23 m³ air sampled into 200 ml of KOH solution over a 24-h period). The recovery of spiked chromium (VI) from solutions containing air sample matrix was 95±9% (n=8). Matrix related interferences were estimated to be less than 10% based on recovery studies. The concentration of airborne chromium (VI) in Sydney residential areas was found to be less than 0.2 ng m⁻³, however, in industrial areas the concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 1.3 ng m⁻³ using this analytical procedure.     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用检测食品中的五种硒形态

建立了高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)联用检测硒酸盐(SeVI)、亚硒酸盐(SeIV)、硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)、硒代胱氨酸(SeCys2)和硒代乙硫氨酸(SeEt)的方法。采用Hamilton PRP X-100色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）,使用5 mmol/L的柠檬酸溶液(pH 4.5)作为流动相,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)检测,在21 min内可以完全分离5种硒形态。各形态硒的线性相关系数均大于0.9995, SeVI、SeIV、SeMet、SeCys2、SeEt的检出限分别为0.4、0.4、5.6、0.9、1.2 μg/L。探讨了不同提取方法的提取效果,鲜蘑菇和猪肉样品加标回收实验表明,对水溶性良好的无机硒和硒代蛋氨酸而言,采用柠檬酸溶液提取的效果非常好,SeIV和SeVI的回收率均在100%左右,SeMet的回收率为85.0%～95.3%;用蛋白酶水解提取,SeCys2和SeEt的回收率为79.9%～91.5%。该方法可完全满足食品中这5种硒形态的准确定量分析。     

Determination of different arsenic species in food‐grade spirulina powder by ion chromatography combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A “two‐step” pressurized microwave‐assisted extraction method coupled with ion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of different arsenic species in spirulina samples was developed. The extraction method used H₂O₂/H₂O (1:5, v/v) as solvent to extract all arsenic species except arsenite, which was extracted by using water as solvent. The extraction method had a satisfactory recovery (>96%) and took a short time (20.0 min). With our method, all arsenic species in spirulina samples were completely separated and determined with recoveries of 84–105% and relative standard deviations of 2–4%. Food‐grade spirulina powder samples from seven provinces (Inner Mongolia, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hainan, Yunnan, Jiangsu, and Guangxi) in China were analyzed using the optimized protocol. Arsenate was detected at the concentration range of 170–394 ng/g in all the spirulina samples. Dimethylarsinic acid was detected at the concentration range of 32–839 ng/g in spirulina from above‐six provinces except Guangxi. Monomethylarsonic acid (67 ± 3 ng/g) was detected only in spirulina from Yunnan province. Arsenite was detected at the concentration range of 28–147 ng/g in spirulina from above five provinces except Hainan and Guangxi. Five unknown organic arsenic species were found in spirulina from above six provinces except Guangxi.     

Quantification of trace elements in human serum fractions by liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

On‐line coupling of LC and ICP‐MS has been used for fractionation and detection of species of Cu, Fe, I, Se and Zn in human serum. It has been shown that anion exchange chromatography provided better separation capability (both intra‐ and inter‐element) than size‐exclusion chromatography. The mobile phases for ion exchange chromatography consisted of Tris–HNO₃ buffer and ammonium salt (nitrate, acetate or formate). Formate was found to be the best mobile phase counter ion, enabling good chromatographic separation, and is acceptable for mass spectrometry too. The quantitative evaluation of element concentrations adhering to individual fractions was performed by the peak area normalization method. The repeatability of results ranged from 3 to 15% (depending on the element concentration level) and represented the main part of the result uncertainty. The accuracy of Cu and Zn fraction determinations was confirmed by comparison with the isotope dilution technique. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of hexavalent chromium in traditional Chinese medicines by high‐performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

An analytical method that combined high‐performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has been developed for the determination of hexavalent chromium in traditional Chinese medicines. Hexavalent chromium was extracted using the alkaline solution. The parameters such as the concentration of alkaline and the extraction temperature have been optimized to minimize the interconversion between trivalent chromium and hexavalent chromium. The extracted hexavalent chromium was separated on a weak anion exchange column in isocratic mode, followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry determination. To obtain a better chromatographic resolution and sensitivity, 75 mM NH₄NO₃ at pH 7 was selected as the mobile phase. The linearity of the proposed method was investigated in the range of 0.2–5.0 μg L^?1 (r² = 0.9999) for hexavalent chromium. The limits of detection and quantitation are 0.1 and 0.3 μg L^?1, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of hexavalent chromium in Chloriti lapis and Lumbricus with satisfactory recoveries of 95.8–112.8%.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定煤矸石中微量锗和镓

建立了测定煤矸石中微量锗和镓的电感耦合等离子体质谱法。煤矸石试样经高温灰化,用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸-磷酸分解,以电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定其中的锗和镓。通过在线三通加入内标元素铑,消除非质谱干扰;通过选择干扰元素的异质同位素进行定量测定,采用数学公式在线校正,消除质谱干扰。与分光光度法进行比对,锗、镓测定结果的相对偏差为-0.63%~0.28%。克服了常规化学分析方法步骤繁琐、耗时长、工作量大的不足。该法测定结果的相对标准偏差小于3%(n=6),加标回收率为97.4%~102.5%。该方法具有检出限低、快速、简便、线性范围宽、多元素同时测定等优点,分析误差满足化学分析法的要求,可用于煤矸石中锗和镓的测定。