冷源冷量对压缩/喷射制冷系统性能影响的实验研究

实验研究了喷射器的最优喷嘴距及在此条件下,冷凝器进水冷量对喷射器及双蒸发压缩/喷射制冷系统性能的影响,同时对双蒸发压缩/喷射制冷系统与蒸汽压缩制冷系统进行了对比研究.结果表明:喷射器引射系数随冷凝器进水冷量的增大而减小,喷射器升压比随冷凝器进水冷量的增大而增大;双蒸发压缩/喷射制冷系统COPp随冷凝器进水冷量的增加先快...     

扩散吸收式制冷系统中冷凝器的数值研究

对空冷翅片式和水冷光管式两种冷凝器进行了数值模拟,模拟了不同结构、不同对流换热系数、不同流速下氨液的冷凝量。结果表明:冷凝器管内热阻比管外热阻对氨气的冷凝影响更大;管径一定时,氨液冷凝量随入口速度的的增大而减小,当速度增加到某一值时,冷凝量基本不发生变化,对空冷翅片式冷凝器该速度为0.15m/s,水冷光管式为0.2m/s。     

冷凝器台数的优化配置与节能

选取厦门商业冷冻公司2004年压缩机的运行记录,分析统计出运行工况下每个时间段冷凝器实际排热量与系统冷凝器额定总排热量的比值,将其定义为部分负荷率,得出各部分负荷的运行时间及运行规律。并据此规律进行冷凝器优化配置分析,计算优化配置方案的能耗和回收期。结果表明:冷凝器按部分负荷的变化规律配置,有较大的节能潜力。根据制冷装置在厦门的特定条件计算分析,当冻结能力为20吨/天时,冷凝器优化配置的节能可达49.1%,回收期在两年之内;当冻结能力为10吨/天时,优化配置后节能可达55%,不增加初投资。     

多孔芯冷凝器内流动与换热特性

ＣＰＬ热控系统由于其独特的运行优势,在航天热控系统及微电子冷却装置等应用中越来越受到人们的重视．多孔芯冷凝器的提出很好地解决了压力波动和启动困难问题,目前关于这方面的研究尚处于初级阶段．本文试图建立多孔芯冷凝器冷凝通道内的流动和换热模型,探讨各影响因素对凝结换热过程的作用机制,并通过多孔芯冷凝器内部工作状况的可视化实验结果验证了理论模型的合理性。     

Thermal modelling and energy conservation studies on freon rankine cycle cooling system with regenerative heat exchanger

This communication presents a thermodynamic analysis and assessment of a Freon fluid Rankine cycle cooling system. The system consists of two subsystems—Rankine engine (RE) power cycle and a vapour compression (V-C) refrigeration cycle. The heat engine subsystem consists of a boiler, turbine, condenser and a feed pump while the cooling subsystem consists of a mechanical compressor, condenser, evaporator and an expansion valve. A number of working fluid combinations for the RE cycle and V-C cycle subsystems have been chosen on the basis of their thermodynamic properties and their suitability judged in terms of the performance parameters, namely, the thermal efficiency of the power cycle and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the refrigeration cycle. A regenerative heat exchanger (RHE) is incorporated in the RE cycle to improve the cycle efficiency and achieve energy conservation.The effects of various operation parameters, namely, component temperatures, adiabatic expansion/compression efficiencies and effectiveness of the RHE on the overall COP have been assessed. It is found that R114 + R22 give the best overall system performance and the presence of the RHE improves the system COP significantly. The effect of V-C cycle condenser temperature is more pronounced as compared to that of the RE cycle condenser and similarly the effect of evaporator temperature in the V-C cycle is more pronounced as compared to that of the boiler in the Rankine cycle subsystem.     

Feasibility and design studies for heat recovery from a refrigeration system with a canopus heat exchanger

This paper presents an investigation of the feasibility of heat recovery from the condenser of a vapour compression refrigeration (VCR) system through a Canopus heat exchanger (CHE) between the compressor and condenser components. The presence of the CHE makes it possible to recover the superheat of the discharged vapour and utilize it for increasing the temperature of the external fluid (water) removing heat from the condenser. The effects of the operating temperatures in the condenser and evaporator for different inlet water temperatures and mass flow rates on the heat recovery output and its distribution over the condenser and CHE (the fraction of the condenser heat available through the CHE), available outlet water temperature and heat recovery factor have all been studied and optimum operating parameters for feasible heat recovery have been ascertained. The parametric results obtained for different working fluids, such as R-22, R-12, R-717 and R-500, have been presented. It is found that, in general, a heat recovery factor of the order of 2.0 and 40% of condenser heat can be recovered through the Canopus heat exchanger for a typical set of operating conditions.     

低于氮临界点温度工作的热声驱动脉管制冷机研究

采用热声发动机驱动的脉管制冷系统,消除了系统中的机械运动部件,具有结构简单、运行可靠和环境友好等优点。文中基于Regen 3.2软件,设计并制作了一台采用热声驱动的单级脉管制冷机。该制冷机采用双向进气结构,脉管和回热器为U型布置。初步实验研究中,以氮气为工质,该脉管制冷机获得了117.5K的最低制冷温度,低于氦的临界点温度126.19K;以氦气为工质,目前获得了83.5K的最低制冷温度。     

超导同步调相机低温系统设计与试验研究

超导同步调相机是一种用于电力系统的新型动态无功补偿设备, 具有高效、 快速响应等优点. 本文描述了10 Mvar 高温超导同步调相机的总体结构, 励磁绕组采用 YBCO 高温超导带材绕制而成, 通过循环的20 K 冷氦气进行冷却. 低温系统主要包含3 台制冷机、1 台氦气泵、 冷头换热器及其他辅助设备, 通过旋转密封装置与电机转子部分进行连接. 本文重点介绍了低温系统的设计方法, 包括转子、 绝热力矩管和电流引线等关键部位漏热和氦气管路流阻的计算方法, 并通过多次降温试验进行实验验证. 通过对带负载试验结果分析得出: 存在最优的氦气压力和氦气泵转速运行参数, 使得电机转子部分获的最佳冷却效果. 通过与300 kvar 高温超导同步调相机的耦合测试发现, 所研制的低温系统可将转子系统冷却至22.4 K, 满足调相机应用中对低温环境的要求.     

1.x级溴化锂吸收式制冷循环性能分析

提出了一个适合于利用太阳能的新型1.x级溴化锂吸收式制冷循环。计算了该循环的性能。结果表明,在现有太阳能集热器所能提供的热水温度范围,1.x级循环克服了单效循环运行范围窄的缺点,其性能指标明显高于两级循环;冷却水先进入冷凝器的串联流程优于并联流程;热水、冷媒水、冷却水温度对溴冷机循环系统的性能系数、热源单耗、面积单耗等经济性指标有较大影响。     

一种用于船舶吸附制冷系统的单元管设计与实验

基于前人提出的利用船舶内燃机排气废热的吸附式制冷系统系统的设计思想,文中致力于应用在吸附床中的单元冷管的研究,进行了一种用于船舶吸附式制冷系统的单元冷管的结构设计、工质对选择等,并实验分析和研究了添加可膨胀石墨的吸附单元冷管的循环特性,文中研究为今后的单元和系统设计提供了一定的实践指导。     

Two-Phase Closed-Loop Thermosyphon for Electronic Cooling

This study experimentally investigated the thermal performance of a two-phase closed-loop thermosyphon with a thermal resistance model for electronic cooling. The evaporator, rising tube, condenser, and falling tube, which are the four main devices, formed a closed-loop system with water as the working fluid. The experimental parameters were the evaporator surface type, fill ratio of working fluid, and input heating power. The results indicated that the evaporator and condenser thermal resistance decrease with increasing input heating power. The condenser thermal resistance clearly increased with increasing fill ratio. A groove-type evaporator surface with 0.2 mm height and 1 mm width had the best performance, decreasing the evaporator thermal resistance about 15.5% compared to a smooth surface. Correlations for evaporator and condenser thermal resistance were also developed, and their precisions, when compared with the experimental data, were about 9.6 and 11.6%, respectively. Because of the intermittent boiling mechanism at 47% fill ratio with input heating power from 60 to 80 W, the temperature showed obvious oscillations with the smooth evaporator surface.     

一种扩散吸收式制冷系统的性能实验

设计了一套带有气液分离精馏设备的吸收扩散制冷装置,试验研究了提升管结构、热源加热温度、氨水浓度、充气压力对制冷装置的影响。新型的精馏结构在提高发生氨气纯度的同时,也可减少冷凝器的负荷(冷凝器进口温度为55℃左右)。实验在环境温度T0为25-35℃,溶液浓度ξ为25%-35%,充注压力P0为13-18 MPa,加热功率Pg为220-320 W的范围内进行。结果表明:浓度的提高可获得较大的冷量,一般28-32%为宜;适当的增加系统压力可降低蒸发温度;系统的冷量随加热功率的增加而提高;确定了提升管结构参数的选取。     

Thermal—fluid modelling of an air—cooled condenser for refrigerants

A steady state thermodynamic model for an air—cooled finned—tube condenser, used in a typical deep freezer vapour compression system, operating with pure and refrigerant mixtures has been developed using finite difference method. The heat transfer aspects in the condenser are treated uniquely for superheated, two—phase and subcooled regimes and studied for various heat load, pressure, temperature, and mass flow rate. The condensation heat transfer coefficient, the tube length required for condensation, the degree of subcooling, and the temperature glide for different ambient temperatures are estimated. The simulation and the experimental results are in good agreement.     

平直翅片管与波浪翅片管流动换热性能比较

扁管外焊蛇形平直翅片是直接空冷凝汽器翅片管的一种常见形式,为进一步提高空冷凝汽器的冷凝效率,建立了波浪翅片扁管的三维物理数学模型。通过数值模拟,获得了不同空气入口流速下,波浪翅片扁管和平直翅片扁管外冷却空气的流场和温度场,通过对流换热系数和流动损失的对比分析表明,波浪翅片扁管在空气侧换热系数和流动损失方面比平直翅片扁管有一定的优势,在低风速的工况下,优势较为明显。     

高频脉冲管制冷机流动特性实验分析

系统的测量了不同运行条件下,高频脉冲管制冷机蓄冷器冷端压力波幅值、速度波幅值以及它们之间相位差的变化规律。结合焓流理论,解释了小孔开度、充气压力、压比和运行频率,在高频条件下对制冷性能的影响规律。所得结果定性解释了制冷机中相应的实验现象,对于高频脉冲管制冷机的机理理解和实验研究有重要指导意义。     

自然冷源在家用冰箱系统应用及性能分析

空气自然冷源已逐渐用于制冷系统中,引入自然冷源能提高冷凝器出口过冷度,或将自然冷源冷却载冷剂经节流直接引入蒸发器,可有效提高系统COP;基于国内冬春季温度≤5℃的自然冷源分布状况,设计了一种引入自然冷源用于家用冰箱的新型制冷系统,并建立热力学计算模型,分析了不同自然冷源工况时冷凝器过冷度在0、5、10、15℃下的系统COP、压缩机指示功率、系统耗电量及冷凝器热负荷,经计算,冬春季时与传统家用冰箱制冷系统相比,系统COP提高了12%,日均系统耗电量节约0.48kWh。     

耦合高压斯特林制冷效应的复合磁制冷循环的数值模拟

本文借助计算流体力学软件, 对复合磁制冷机进行整机数值模拟分析. 以复合磁制冷机为建模原形, 分别计算了主动式磁制冷循环以及复合磁制冷循环. 利用模型计算分析了利用系数, 工作频率对主动式磁制冷的制冷效果影响, 同时模拟计算了不同相位角、不同频率下的复合磁制冷机的制冷效果, 计算得到适合复合磁制冷循环的最佳匹配相位角. 模拟计算结果对后续实验台的设计搭建有很好的指导作用.     

水蒸汽在水平三维微肋管内的凝结换热及阻力特性

本文以水蒸汽为工质对水平三维微肋管内凝结换热及阻力特性进行了实验研究．与光管和二维管相比，在相同条件下，实验中效果最好的T3管全长平均凝结换热系数分别提高了113％～410％和20％～65％，同时，与二维管相比流动阻力增加较小，最大值不超过6．3％．比较另两种管型（T1，T2管）也证明三维管以较小的流阻增加为代价换取了明显的强化效果．     

R22与R410A热泵中冷凝器性能随支路数变化的比较

利用软件EVAP-COND,模拟对比了在室内换热器中分别采用R22与R410A制冷剂时冷凝器的性能随支路数的变化,结果表明:室内换热器作为冷凝器时,R410A的换热量比R22的要大,换热量的差别是由两排管共同造成的,两排管中R410A的换热量都比R22的要大;随支路数的增多,第一排管对冷凝器换热量差值的影响越来越显著,而第二排管的影响逐渐减弱;第一排管换热量的差别主要受传热系数的影响,而第二排管受传热温差和传热系数的综合影响。因此,支路增多时制约R410A和R22冷凝器换热量差别的因素,从传热温差和传热系数共同作用逐渐转变为传热系数起主导作用。     

扁平管管内负压冷凝流动阻力特性研究

本文采用试验的方法对扁平管内的负压蒸汽冷凝过程进行了研究。研究结果表明,这类扁管的特殊结构使得管内的蒸汽充满度高,冷凝液占据整个流动截面的份额小,流动顺利,阻力小,是很好的有利于冷凝液流动的管型。研究结果给出了这类扁平管的管内冷凝流动摩擦阻力的计算方法,为这类管型在空冷凝汽器的应用提供了设计依据。