Development of affordable technologies for large X-ray simulators

Nuclear weapons effects simulators are large pulsed power installations for generating intense X-ray fluxes, which are used in testing the susceptibility and hardening of military systems in the radiation environment. These simulators are expensive because of the requirement for very high power pulsed output to drive radiation loads that can provide the necessary spectral and temporal characteristics of the X-radiation suitable for testing. During the past 40 years, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, as well as the Sandia National Laboratory, have developed pulsed power components and systems and improvements in load designs that are lowering the cost of X-ray simulators. The progress in pulsed power development encompasses elements from energy-storing capacitor banks to radiation loads and has led to the formulation of concept studies for future simulators with fewer components and with radiation loads as an integral part of the system     

A novel hybrid simulation methodology for capacity estimation in mobile networks

Radio capacity simulation tools are gaining a large importance with the development of mobile networks. System radio simulators that are currently used in standardization bodies are becoming increasingly complex as they have to work on two time scales: the scale of “milliseconds” for modeling the behavior of schedulers and the scale of “tens of seconds” for modeling the dynamic behavior of arrivals and departures of users. In this paper, we propose a hybrid system simulation methodology that combines the advantages of system simulators in accurately modeling the physical/MAC interfaces, with the robustness of queuing theory analysis that catches the flow dynamics. We validate our simulation methodology versus complete system level simulators in representative scenarios and show an excellent match between both methodologies. We then show how to extend our simulation methodology for including a mix of services and how to incorporate network measurement results within the proposed methodology.     

平行板传输线特性阻抗仿真计算及解析修正

提出了一种基于时域反射原理的平行板传输线特性阻抗仿真计算方法,利用该方法借助CST软件构建模型对平行板传输线的特性阻抗值进行了仿真计算,同时重点研究了下极板展宽结构对特性阻抗值的影响。以仿真计算结果为基础,对原有特性阻抗公式进行了修正,提出了包含下极板展宽结构在内的不对称结构的平行板传输线阻抗计算公式,该公式可作为计算有界波模拟器等电磁脉冲模拟装置特性阻抗的参考公式。     

水平极化有界波电磁脉冲模拟器仿真与实验研究

结合传统有界波模拟器和辐射波模拟器的特点,采用新型双锥-线栅型平板天线结构,设计了一台水平极化有界波电磁脉冲模拟器。通过电磁仿真和实验测试,对模拟器的辐射特性和场均匀性进行了研究。仿真结果和实测结果基本一致。结果表明,模拟器能产生包含地面反射的水平极化电磁脉冲环境,波形满足上升沿(2.5±0.5) ns、半高宽(23±5) ns的高空电磁脉冲标准要求。模拟器使用灵活机动,能在不小于5 m×3 m×2 m工作空间内产生峰值场强不小于50 kV/m的6 dB均匀场,也能在降低测试场强时提供更大的工作空间。     

基于模糊逻辑的红外相机模拟器定量化仿真度评价框架(英文)

针对红外相机模拟器仿真度量化评价体系的现状,提出了一种基于模糊逻辑和模糊集思想的全新的理论框架.该框架是一种客观的、多尺度的评价体系,涉及到模糊逻辑、曲线相似度评价、图像质量评估以及信息论等多个交叉领域.和现有的单一尺度的评价方法相比,这种多尺度的仿真度评价分析系统综合考虑了成像系统的主要性能特性参量和系统输出图像的质量,具有更好的任务适应性,可以方便地量化和比较具有相同或相似需求的相机模拟器的仿真度结果.     

基于模糊逻辑的红外相机模拟器定量化仿真度评价框架

针对红外相机模拟器仿真度量化评价体系的现状,提出了一种基于模糊逻辑和模糊集思想的全新的理论框架.该框架是一种客观的、多尺度的评价体系,涉及到模糊逻辑、曲线相似度评价、图像质量评估以及信息论等多个交叉领域.和现有的单一尺度的评价方法相比,这种多尺度的仿真度评价分析系统综合考虑了成像系统的主要性能特性参量和系统输出图像的质量,具有更好的任务适应性,可以方便地量化和比较具有相同或相似需求的相机模拟器的仿真度结果.     

ROMANS II A two-dimensional process simulator for modeling and simulation in the design of VLSI devices

During the past decade considerable effort has been devoted to the development of two-dimensional (2D) device simulators while the development of two-dimensional process simulators, except for the past few years, has been almost nonexistent. To eliminate this lag in the development of 2D process simulators recent research has been directed entirely towards the development of simulators for predicting the thermal redistribution of impurities in bulk device structures; whereas, in the present paper a process simulator, ROMANS II, has been developed which is capable of simulating the redistribution of impurities in both bulk and SOS device structures. All the elements of two-dimensional process modeling which were used to assemble ROMANS II are presented. For example, Runge's approximate procedure for characterizing 2D distributions of ion implants in physical domains of actual device structures is discussed in great detail. Also discussed in great detail are the 2D empirical and phenomenological models used to specify oxide growths on silicon surfaces. A complete formulation of the governing nonlinear boundaryvalue problem for the redistribution of impurities in the physical domain of a device and the corresponding transformation of this problem to a fixed-time invariant rectangular domain by means of a translation-scaling transformation are presented. The numerical algorithm used to solve the nonlinear boundary-value problem in the fixed-time invariant rectangular domain is briefly discussed since a more detailed discussion is given elsewhere. Finally, ROMANS II is utilized to simulate the thermal redistribution of the field, channel, and source/drain implants which were used in fabricating a 1 μmn-channel enhancement mode device. The simulation was carried through the entire device fabrication schedule and the surface topography and corresponding equi-density contours for the net impurity concentration at the end of key process steps are given.     

太阳模拟技术

概述了国内外太阳模拟技术的发展现状。提出了太阳模拟器设计的技术指标,讨论了太阳模拟器的光学系统设计思想。介绍了聚光系统、光学积分器、准直系统、滤光片光谱透过率的优化设计方案,通过复合高次非球面聚光系统和非共轴深椭球面反射镜的使用,提高了聚光镜对光源辐射通量的聚光效率,改善了第二焦面上的辐照分布。通过对光学积分器原理及像差分析,给出了有效的优化设计经验公式。最后,对研制过程中遇到的问题进行了归纳总结,并提出了改进思路。     

体全息存储中输入方参数对输出信号的影响

借助基于 4F成像系统的掩模版模拟SLM实验 ,在国内首次实现 10 0 0× 10 0 0高分辨率数据页输入 输出像素一对一匹配的基础上研究了体全息存储系统输入方重要参数 ,如 :输入器件 (空间光调制器 )像素填充因子和输入图案组合对输出器件 (电荷耦合器件 )读出图像的影响 ,为提高全息存储系统输出图像质量、降低误码率提供理论和实验基础。     

离散电阻加载的大型垂直极化EMP辐射波模拟器的并行FDTD模拟

将电阻设置为跨网格有耗介质，进行离散电阻加载的大型垂直极化电磁脉冲（EMP）辐射波模拟器时域场的并行FDTD模拟.给出不同离散电阻加载方式下模拟器辐射场的时域波形，分析离散电阻加载对模拟器辐射场的影响，并给出离散电阻加载的模拟器有圆筒效应物时的时域波形.结果表明：电阻加载能有效减小模拟器顶端的电流反射，从而改善辐射场的时域波形，但电阻加载也可能会导致模拟器辐射性能的降低；当效应物开孔所在的侧面靠近模拟器且与模拟器极化方向平行时耦合进入圆筒内的电磁波能量较多.计算方法具有通用性，可用于进行离散电阻加载的其它大型垂直极化EMP辐射波模拟器时域场的模拟，包括导电地面存在且有效应物存在时的时域耦合场的模拟.     

An insulated-gate bipolar transistor model based on the finite-volume charge method

A finite-volume charge method has been proposed to simulate PIN diodes and insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) devices using SPICE simulators by extending the lumped-charge method. The new method assumes local quasi-neutrality in the undepleted N^- base region and uses the total collector current, the nodal hole density and voltage as the basic quantities. In SPICE implementation, it makes clear and accurate definitions of three kinds of nodes — the carrier density nodes, the voltage nodes and the current generator nodes — in the undepleted N^- base region. It uses central finite difference to approximate electron and hole current generators and sets up the current continuity equation in a control volume for every carrier density node in the undepleted N^- base region. It is easy to increase the number of nodes to describe the fast spatially varying carrier density in transient processes. We use this method to simulate IGBT devices in SPICE simulators and get a good agreement with technology computer-aided design simulations.     

Development of techniques of nondestructive testing of thermal properties of fuel elements with dense fuel

The results of the development of the techniques for determining the thermal resistance between a fuel and a fuel-element cladding and the fuel thermal conductivity, oriented to applications under conditions of a shielding box, are described. The schematic of the laboratory setup is presented, using which the operability of the techniques is shown on a fuel element prototype with dense fuel simulators.     

串联倒锥式黑体模型

根据黑体镜腔特征，用几何光学方法模拟黑体得一串联倒推式黑体模拟器，推导黑体模拟数学式，给出适用模拟器参数。     

太阳模拟技术

概述了国内外太阳模拟技术的发展现状。提出了太阳模拟器设计的技术指标,讨论了太阳模拟器的光学系统设计思想。介绍了聚光系统、光学积分器、准直系统、滤光片光谱透过率的优化设计方案,通过复合高次非球面聚光系统和非共轴深椭球面反射镜的使用,提高了聚光镜对光源辐射通量的聚光效率,改善了第二焦面上的辐照分布。通过对光学积分器原理及像差分析,给出了有效的优化设计经验公式。最后,对研制过程中遇到的问题进行了归纳总结,并提出了改进思路。     

Quantum simulator for the <Emphasis Type="Italic">O</Emphasis>(3) nonlinear sigma model

We propose a design for the construction of a laboratory system based on present-day technology which reproduces and thereby simulates the quantum dynamics of the O(3) nonlinear sigma model. Apart from its relevance in condensed-matter theory, this strongly interacting quantum field theory serves as an important toy model for quantum chromodynamics (QCD) since it reproduces many crucial properties of QCD. The proposed design is therefore a feasibility and proof-of-principle study for more general analogue quantum simulators.     

Simulation of random processes with various probability density functions

Various relationships are derived for simulation of random processes with simple or composite probability density functions. Depending on the properties of the corresponding parameters the resulting process is either stationary or non-stationary. Practical digital simulation with the formulas derived is fast enough to be used in real time with computer controlled simulators.     

Quantum Logic for Quantum Computers

The following results obtained within a project of finding the algebra of statesin a general-purpose quantum computer are reported: (1) All operations of anorthomodular lattice, including the identity, are fivefold-defined; (2) there arenonorthomodular models for both quantum and classical logics; (3) there is afour-variable orthoarguesian lattice condition which contains all known orthoarguesianlattice conditions including six- and five-variable ones. Repercussions to quantumcomputers operating as quantum simulators are discussed.     

氙灯光源太阳模拟器辐照衰减器设计方法

针对应用于太阳模拟器辐照衰减器设计上的不足,提出一种新的衰减器设计方法,旨在提高其辐照均匀性.基于光学扩展量计算衰减器上的网孔面积,对会聚光路的辐射通量进行调制;利用聚光镜环带法,理论上分析衰减器上的辐射分布;利用网孔非均匀分布的结构对会聚光路的辐射分布进行调制,给出具体设计参数;对比分析了网孔均匀分布和非均匀分布对辐...     

具有均匀天空背景的高精度静态星模拟器设计

为解决现有星模拟器只关注星图模拟精度而忽略天空背景模拟的问题,设计了具有均匀天空背景的高精度静态星模拟器.重点阐述星模拟器的组成和工作原理,详细论述光学系统优化设计方法.根据模拟器光学系统透镜大、精度高的特点,采用筒套筒的镜筒设计形式;为了保证星图模拟精度,采用激光直写技术制作星点板,刻划精度优于±1μm.测试结果表明:设计的具有均匀天空背景的高精度静态星模拟器的星图模拟精度优于3″,天空背景均匀性优于95％,满足导航敏感器的高精度地面标定与功能测试需求.     

Influence of inter-vehicle communication on peak hour traffic flow

Mixed traffic flow consisting of vehicles equipped with wireless inter-vehicle communication devices and non-equipped vehicles is analyzed using bidirectionally coupled network traffic and road traffic simulators in a peak hour scenario. For equipped vehicles a strategy to stabilize traffic flow and to reduce travel time is proposed. The strategy comprises rules to determine both how and when to change driving behavior. Vehicles that detect perturbations downstream try to keep a larger gap to their predecessor by which they aim to compensate traffic inhomogeneities. Improvement of traffic flow was observed even for a ratio of equipped vehicles as low as five percent.