虚阴极的单电荷层模型

 通过引入虚阴极振荡的单电荷层模型，得到了虚阴极振荡产生微波的线性色散关系。同时，分析了入射、反射、透射束流中振荡成份与虚阴极振荡的两本征模式相互作用，得到非线性色散关系，并给出了虚阴极振荡产生微波的机制。     

虚阴极振荡器中微波频率的研究

 在虚阴极振荡器的实验中，同时得到了几百兆瓦5.17GHz和几兆瓦7.74GHz的微波输出。根据虚阴极振荡器的单电荷层模型可知，主频5.17GHz的微波由虚阴极自身振荡产生；7.74GHz 的微波由虚阴极自身振荡与虚阴极振荡或电子往返振荡产生的调制束流相互作用产生。     

线电荷与圆柱导体间的相互作用

利用镜像法,在计算线电荷与接地圆柱导体间的相互作用的基础上,通过增加镜像电荷的方法,进一步分析求解得出了线电荷与绝缘圆柱导体、与电源连接的圆柱导体间的相互作用.     

空心束虚阴极激励微波的主模式的研究

把虚阴极振荡激励微波的过程看成是一个时空振荡电流元激励微波的过程,在薄电荷层近似下,求得空心束虚阴极激励微波的主模式关系,并讨论了束几何位形与微波输出功率之间的关系。我们所确定的主模式与实验和粒子模拟的结果相符。     

一种非轴对称磁绝缘电子鞘层边界的计算方法

长距离磁绝缘传输线内电极偏心、感应腔注入电流非均匀分布引起电子鞘层边界偏心等非对称磁绝缘特性.电子鞘层边界是研究非轴对称磁绝缘特性的重要参数.本文提出一种计算非轴对称磁绝缘电子鞘层边界的方法.通过引入角向非均匀分布的模数,将经典一维轴对称Creedon稳态磁绝缘理论推广应用于圆柱坐标系下二维(r,θ)平面.建立了感应电压叠加器次级非轴对称磁绝缘的二维Creedon物理模型,给出了非轴对称磁绝缘电子鞘层边界的数值计算方法和计算误差.当阴极角向磁场(阴极电流)角向分布满足余弦函数时,电子鞘层边界接近高斯分布.阴极电流角向不均匀程度越大,电子鞘层边界偏心程度越严重,计算误差越大.     

新型准光腔同轴虚阴极振荡器的研究

 集合准光腔型虚阴极振荡器和同轴虚阴极振荡器的优点,设计了一种新型的准光腔同轴虚阴极振荡器。采用自由电磁振荡理论分析了3反射镜准光学谐振腔中的场分布,并用2.5维全电磁PIC程序对该器件进行了粒子模拟。在输入电压为600 kV,二极管电流为50 kA的条件下,得到主频为7.0 GHz,峰值功率超过6 GW的功率输出,其平均功率达2.5 GW,平均束波转换效率为8.3%。     

气体放电空心阴极鞘层氩离子的蒙特-卡罗模拟研究

建立了气体放电空心圆筒阴极鞘层离子的自洽蒙特-卡罗模拟模型,对鞘层区内离子的输运过程进行了研究。考虑了离子与中性原子的电荷交换碰撞和弹性散射,用到了精确依赖于离子能量的电荷交换和动量输运截面。模拟了氩离子在空心阴极鞘层中的运动,得到了不同放电条件下自洽电场分布,离子的能量分布,角分布以及电子密度分布和离子密度分布。计算结果表明:离子在由鞘层边界向阴极运动过程中,离子能量分布的高能部分逐渐增大,角分布向小角度部分压缩,鞘层中的强电场对离子起加速和聚焦作用;在鞘层内离子密度分布比较均匀,只是在鞘层边界附近变化 关键词：     

新型高功率虚阴极径向反射速调管振荡器

 提出了一种新型的高功率虚阴极径向反射速调管振荡器,它结合了虚阴极振荡器容易起振和速调管微波产生效率较高的特点。利用虚阴极反射电子束对调制腔的正反馈,可以减小起振电流和起振时间,而且提高了微波产生效率。它是一种结构简单、紧凑的器件。用2.5维PIC程序对这种器件进行了数值模拟研究。得到的数值模拟结果表明,输入电压620 kV,电流25 kA,输出微波周期平均功率为2.5 GW。虚阴极振荡频率被锁定,频率为1.25 GHz。     

新型高效率虚阴极振荡器

结合低磁场返波管振荡器和虚阴极振荡器的优点,设计了一个具有较高效率的虚阴极振荡器,通过添加半反射腔,使虚阴极在由阳极箔、波导和半反射腔组成的准谐振腔内形成,实现器件的高效率、高功率运行。当电子能量和束流分别为480keV和23kA时,采用2.5维粒子模拟(PIC)程序模拟得到频率为3.7GHz、功率为2.6GW的微波输出,器件束波转换效率约为23%。     

一维漂移空间内强流电子束的稳态传输特性

在计算了一维平板和同轴结构漂移空间的空间电荷限制流的基础上,对其中超过空间电荷限制流状态下强流电子束的稳态传输特性进行了理论分析.分析给出了确定束流稳定传输时形成虚阴极的位置和虚阴极处电子束透过率的表达式,求解了束流电子在漂移空间内的渡越时间,平板结构漂移空间内得到了通用的解析结果,同轴结构漂移空间内得到了适合一定结构参数条件下的近似结果. 关键词： 强流电子束 虚阴极 一维漂移空间 传输特性     

等离子体中热阴极鞘层的结构

结合热阴极电子发射理论和等离子体鞘层流体方程研究了热阴极附近存在虚阴极结构时的等离子体鞘层问题,采用Sagdeev势的方法讨论了鞘层解和广义Bohm判据.结果表明,不同于普通的Bohm鞘,由于热阴极附近存在大量发射电子,影响整个等离子体鞘层结构,使得进入鞘层的离子临界Mach数不是独立的常数,而是与鞘层电位降等参数有关的物理量.临界Mach数随着鞘层电位降（从鞘边缘到虚阴极）先增大后降低,并且随着热阴极温度的升高单调增大.此外,在平板模型下有相当可观的残余热发射电子越过虚阴极鞘层进入等离子体. 关键词： 鞘层 热阴极发射 Bohm判据     

Study on microwave excited by virtual cathode oscillation in cavity

Microwave excited by virtual cathode (VC) oscillation in a cylindrical cavity is analyzed. The VC is regarded as a oscillating charged disk. By the means of model expansion method, the relation between microwave frequency and VC oscillation in a specific cylindrical cavity is obtained. The expressions of mode expansion coefficients are derived. The results show that at longer cavity length, the microwave excited is more pure, this is in good agreement with experiment results. Analysis confirms that the closer is the characteristic freuency of a mode to the oscillating frequency of VC, the larger is the mode expansion coefficient.     

虚阴极振荡激励高功率微波的数值模拟

模拟了轴对称虚阴极振荡器产生微波的过程。根据实验装置的特点,建立了理想的物理模型。从物理学的基本规律出发,用CIC方法编制了二维空间、三个动量分量的2 1/2维、全电磁、相对论性的数值模拟程序。选择柱状电子束进行模拟,获得了正确的计算结果和清晰的物理图象,并对计算结果作了分析。     

Potential profile near the virtual cathode in presence of charged dust

In this work, concept of virtual cathode and its existence in dusty plasma has been studied by theoretical and numerical analysis. Using basic equations of charge dust, ions, and electrons, the non‐monotonic behaviour of the potential in presence of charged dust has been calculated and plotted as a function of dust density. It has been found that there is a change in potential between cathode and sheath potential and subsequently changes the threshold wall temperature as compared to that of without dust conditions. The threshold wall temperature has been increased due to the ability of micro‐particles acquiring electron charge and hence, reducing potential at the wall. Further, for different values of α (depends on dust density); threshold temperature remained the same for observed virtual cathode. Hence, behaviour of potential has been plotted as a function of α with increasing wall temperatures for two dust charge values (1 and 1,000). Considering no dust charge, it has been observed that, at lower dust density, double layer like structure is formed near the emissive wall. But this double layer structure gets diminishes with increasing dust density. Hence, below a threshold dust density, virtual cathode near to the emissive wall is not possible. While for Z_d = 1,000, the formation of virtual cathode appeared even at very small dust density. However, irrespective of variation of potential difference near the wall and existence of virtual cathode at different emission regime the threshold wall temperature remains same. Effect of dust potential dependency on threshold wall temperature has also been discussed in this study.     

Sheath formation study in Ne–Xe DBD discharge

The sheath is formed near the cathode immediately after applying the voltage across the electrodes. This formation is mainly due to the depopulation of this region by electrons. Using the one-dimensional model of the sheath region and the kinetic model coupled to the dielectric barrier discharge discharge electric circuit, we studied the formation of the cathode sheath and its evolution during the first pulse in Ne–Xe mixture for 10% and 20% of xenon at a total gas pressure of 400 Torr and for an applied voltage of 3 kV. The results illustrate the discharge behaviors as well as the evolution of the electric field and the charged particles in the cathode region. The effect of the xenon concentration is also studied and discussed.     

离子通道中的虚阴极辐射

提出了一种新型的基于等离子体的多级虚阴极振荡器物理模型并展开了研究.研究表明:当电子束通过稠密等离子体背景时,由于离子背景和焦点处虚阴极的共同作用,得以形成多级虚阴极;多级虚阴极对电子的作用,使电子在各级之间振荡,从而产生高功率微波辐射.这是与离子通道横向的betatron振荡完全不同的一种辐射机理.通过质点网格(particle in cell)法模拟验证了多级虚阴极的形成,模拟中发现,所选参数TM024模被激发起来.最后,在所建模型的基础之上对辐射特性做了详细分析.     

Effect of finite charging time on particulates in RF discharges

The effect of the finite charging time on spherical and cylindrical particulates in an RF discharge is considered. Using probe theory, analytical expressions for the charging rate under various conditions are derived and compared with numerical solutions. Scaling of the charging time with discharge parameters, in particular the electron temperature, is demonstrated. Using a one-dimensional fluid model for an rf discharge, the equilibrium electric and ion drag forces are compared for spherical and cylindrical particulates. The effect of the finite charging time on the dynamics of particulates of various sizes in the model discharge are discussed. Overall, a long cylindrical particle with the same mass as a spherical particle charges up more slowly to a larger net (negative) charge and has a significantly larger polarization. As a consequence, small cylindrical particles introduced near the electrodes are more likely to escape from the sheath region before becoming fully charged     

Experimental Measurements on the Current Balance at the Cathode of a Cylindrical Hollow Cathode Glow Discharge

The contribution of positive ions, photons and metastable particles to the secondary emission of electrons from the cathode of an argon glow discharge with cylindrical cathode is measured by sampling the plasma species through a small orifice in the cathode wall and analyzing them in a high vacuum region. Additional experiments are made with a second apparatus which enables the sampling fo plasma species from the negative glow and the dark space. The paper describes the experimental techniques used in both cases and presents estimates on the validity of the results obtained. The positive ions are found to be the dominant contribution to the discharge current at the cathode. The secondary emission of electrons is — in decreasing order of importance — due to impact fo singly charged ions, doubly charged ions and metastable atoms.