上海光源500MHz超导腔水平测试

上海光源是能量为3.5 GeV的第三代先进中能同步辐射光源,其储存环上安装了三台超导高频腔补偿电子因同步辐射等原因丢失的能量。为保障上海光源的长期稳定高效运行,中国科学院上海应用物理研究所和上海市低温超导高频腔技术重点实验室共同研制了具备低高次模损失参数和可承受更高入射功率的新型500 MHz超导腔,作为上海光源在线运行超导高频腔的备用腔。超导铌腔经低温垂直测试达到所需加速性能后,需要与高功率输入耦合器、高次模吸收器、低温恒温器等集成并完成水平测试,获得超导腔模组的加速性能、低温性能和真空性能。介绍了超导腔备用腔的研制、集成和测试过程,采用文丘里(Venturi)校准法获得模组的静态功耗反应模组的低温性能,并通过高功率测试获得了超导腔备用腔模组的加速性能。测试结果表明：自主研制的500 MHz超导腔备用腔满足上海光源的工作需求,在超导腔的加速腔压为2.0 MV时,无载品质因数为1.2×10⁹ @4.2 K,且低温模组的静态热损耗为36.1 W。     

低温恒温器设计

文中所述低温恒温器(cryomodule)主要用于近物所ADS注入器Ⅱ超导直线段,可以将粒子能量加速到10MeV。该低温恒温器包含β=0.09的162.5MHz HWR型超导高频腔、超导螺线管及cold BPM等冷质量部件,工作温度为4.2K,工作压力为1.2bar,冷却介质为液氦/氦气。超导腔及螺线管采用同一冷却回路,低温恒温器的设计满足超导腔的使用要求。     

北京大学铌腔射频超导实验通过鉴定

在陈佳洱教授主持下,北京大学重离子物理实验室“超导腔”课题组所承担的国家高技术项目射频(RF)超导腔实验研究,在完成大量设计、计算、设备建造与实验准备工作的基础上成功地进行了低温RF超导腔实验研究,完成了七五期间规定的任务。1991年12月14日国家教委组织召开了鉴定会,认为1.5GHz铌腔射频超导实验研究达到了国际先进水平。 国家教委科技司,国防科工委科技委,国家科委基础研究与高技术司,核工业总公司,国家自然科学基金委,国家高技术激光技术领域主题及专家组,中国原子能研究院,中国工程物理研究院,中科院高能物理所,清华大学,北京大学等单位的领导和专家共50余人出席了鉴定会。     

超导低温垂测2K系统设计

为了检验加速器驱动次临界系统直线加速器中的超导腔性能,需要在超导腔装入低温恒温器之前进行低温超导测试(2K、4K)。为满足25MeV超导直线加速器调试运行,需要建造一套超导低温测试系统与实验平台,用来对超导腔的性能进行垂直测试,检验腔体是否达到设计目标,使其满足工程使用需求。     

射频超导技术与ERL技术新进展

射频超导谐振腔可以工作在连续波或长宏脉冲模式.射频超导技术已发展为加速各种带电粒子束的重要手段.射频超导技术发展的前期受材料性能、腔的处理以及加工安装水平等的限制.经过几十年的不断改进,射频超导技术获得了重大突破.射频超导腔应用到超导加速器上并成功运行,积累了腔的质量控制工艺和工业化制备的大量经验.近期国际上面对未来大科学装置项目,在射频超导技术方面进行了大量的研发工作,主要包括提高超导腔加速梯度的新腔型研究和采用新型材料(大晶粒铌材)超导腔的研究.能量回收直线加速器(ERL)技术是近年来获得发展的重要加速器技术.ERL具有高效、节能、稳定性好、低辐射水平等优势,被越来越多地应用到先进光源和自由电子激光装置中.     

射频超导技术与ERL技术新进展

射频超导谐振腔可以工作在连续波或长宏脉冲模式. 射频超导技术已发展为加速各种带电粒子束的重要手段. 射频超导技术发展的前期受材料性能、腔的处理以及加工安装水平等的限制. 经过几十年的不断改进, 射频超导技术获得了重大突破. 射频超导腔应用到超导加速器上并成功运行, 积累了腔的质量控制工艺和工业化制备的大量经验. 近期国际上面对未来大科学装置项目, 在射频超导技术方面进行了大量的研发工作, 主要包括提高超导腔加速梯度的新腔型研究和采用新型材料(大晶粒铌材)超导腔的研究. 能量回收直线加速器(ERL)技术是近年来获得发展的重要加速器技术. ERL具有高效、节能、稳定性好、低辐射水平等优势, 被越来越多地应用到先进光源和自由电子激光装置中.     

二极管激光腔衰荡光谱技术测量大气NO_2

介绍了在409 nm处采用二极管激光腔衰荡光谱(CRDS)技术探测大气中NO2的浓度(体积分数,下同)。通过调制二极管激光器参数,优化其输出光谱,获得NO2的有效吸收截面。探讨水蒸气、臭氧及其他痕量气体可能引起的测量干扰。时间分辨率为1 s时,系统探测限为6.6×10-11。考虑到NO2气体吸收截面和系统RL(衰荡腔长与腔内气体单次吸收光程长的比值)的不确定性,该系统的测量误差为±4.5%(1σ)。在实验室条件下,该系统和非相干宽带腔增强(IBBCEAS)系统同时测量NO2样气,将二者测量结果进行了对比,测量结果具有很好的一致性,线性拟合斜率为0.988±0.005,相关性为0.99。同时该系统被应用于实际环境大气中NO2浓度的测量,测得NO2浓度在1×10-8~5×10-8范围内,平均浓度为3.5×10-8。为了证实CRDS系统的测量结果,将其与长光程差分吸收光谱(LP-DOAS)系统测量NO2浓度的结果进行对比,二者获得了较好的一致性。实验结果表明,CRDS技术可实现大气中NO2高灵敏度、高时间分辨率的在线探测。     

YBa2Cu3O7-δ/LaAlO3和Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8/LaAlO3高温超导薄膜内的应变对其微波表面电阻影响的研究

YBa2Cu3O7-δ/LaAlO3 (YBCO/LAO) 超导薄膜是通过热蒸发沉积方法制备的,实验中使用的Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8/LaAlO3 (TBCCO/LAO) 超导薄膜是通过直流磁控溅射方法制备的.通过分析两片超导薄膜的XRD谱计算出了两片超导薄膜内的应变,ΔCY=4.8483×10-3;ΔCT=8.5272×10-5,结果显示YBCO超导薄膜内的应变要大于TBCCO超导薄膜内的应变.另外,采用共面谐振技术研究这两片超导薄膜内的微波表面电阻随温度的变化,结果表明YBCO超导薄膜具有更大的微波表面电阻.分析和讨论了应变对超导薄膜微波表面电阻的影响.     

HWR腔水平测试恒温器热辐射屏设计与测试

低温恒温器是超导直线加速器的重要部件之一,其为超导腔及超导磁铁提供稳定的低温环境。文中介绍了HWR单腔水平测试恒温器(TCM1)中热辐射屏的设计、模拟计算、安装与测试。     

射频超导腔的低温烘烤研究

射频超导腔在高场下的Q-slope严重影响到高加速梯度的获得.研究表明100—150°C低温烘烤(Bake)对改善超导腔的Q-slope有比较好的效果. 本文在大量超导腔Bake实验的基础上, 对Bake进行了系统的研究. 研究结果显示, 电抛光(EP)超导腔经过Bake后, 平均加速梯度和高Q值(1×10¹⁰)时的加速梯度均增加3.5MV/m以上, 最大加速梯度时的Q值得到增加, Q-slope得到改善. 对Bake温度的研究表明, 在最佳Bake温度范围内, 高的Bake温度能得到相对高的Q值. 对比化学抛光(BCP)和EP超导腔可知, 要得到好的加速性能, 需要60—80μm的EP.超过10—15μm的BCP会使EP超导腔品质下降. 用氧扩散模型对Bake作出了解释.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.