流动注射萃取火焰原子吸收光谱法测定硫酸镍电解液中微量铅

本文采用流动注射在线萃取火焰原子吸收光谱法测定硫酸电解液中微量铅，考察了水相介质，共存离子，萃取装置，相比等因素的影响。分析含铅１．４ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．１６ｍｇ／Ｌ的试样，分析值的相对标准偏差（ｎ＝１０）分别为３．９％和１２．３％，方法检出限为０．０２４ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

以偶合反应流动注射化学发光法测定铅

基于Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）能置换出Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）－ＥＤＴＡ络合物中的Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）和Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）－鲁米诺－溶解氧产生化学发光的反应，建立了置换偶合反应流动注射化学发光测定痕量铅的新方法。本方法线性范围１×１０＾－７￣１×１０＾－５ｇ／ｍＬ，相对标准偏差为２．５％（ｎ＝１１，Ｃ＝１０＾－６ｇ／ｍＬ），检出限为２×１０＾－８ｇ／ｍＬ。用于污水中铅的测定，结果令人满意。     

用银和铅标记人白蛋白的离子选择电极电位法研究

用离子选择电极电位法研究了银和铅与人白蛋白（ＨＳＡ）的配合平衡。明确证实银和铅都与ＨＳＡ形成了单核配合物ＭＡ和ＭＡ２．Ａｇ－ＨＳＡ配合物的稳定性积β１１＝４．４×１０＾７，β１２＝１．０×１０＾１２；Ｐｂ＝ＨＳＡ配合物的β１１＝３．１×１０＾５，β１２＝２．０×１０＾９。根据ＨＳ与人白蛋白羊抗血清（ＧＡＨＡ）的免疫反应，用银和铅分别标记ＨＳＡ时，测定ＧＡＨＡ（效价１：４０）的线性范围是０．２～２．     

铅(Ⅱ)与三(2-(6-甲基吡啶基)甲基)胺配合物的合成及晶体结构的研究

本文合成了标题配合物［Ｐｂ（ＴＬＡ）·ＮＯ３］·ＮＯ３（ＴＬＡ＝三（２－（６－甲基吡啶基）甲基）胺，对其红外光谱及晶体结构进行了研究。结果表明，晶体属单斜晶系，Ｐ２１／ｎ空间群，晶胞参数如下：ａ＝１０．２３４（２），ｂ＝１５．３４７（３），ｃ＝１５．３９５（３），β＝９９．９３（２）°，Ｖ＝２３８２（２）３，Ｚ＝４，ＤＣ＝１．８５ｋｇ／ｍ３。晶体采用直接方法和Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ合成解出，经全矩陈最小二乘法对原子参数进行结构修正，最后的偏差因子Ｒ＝０．０４３，ＲＷ＝０．０５４。单晶结构表明：中心铅离子是处于四方单锥配位环境，由三（２－（６－甲基吡啶基）甲基）胺的四个氮原子和一个硝酸根的氧原子形成了五配位的几何构型。     

meso－四（3，5－二溴－4－羟基苯基）卟啉［T（DBHP）P］二阶导数光度法同时测定废水中锌和铅的研究

本文研究了ｍｅｓｏ－四（３，５－二溴－４－羟基苯基）卟啉与铅，锌显色反应的二阶导数光谱行为，建立了同时测定电镀废水中锌和铅的二阶导数光度法。在硼砂－氢氧化钠碱性介质中，沸水浴上加热３ｍｉｎ，锌、铅的显色反应即可定量完成。比耳定律范围分别为：０～１０μｇ／２５ｍＬＺｎ￣（２＋），０～１０μｇ／２５ｍＬＰｂ￣（２＋）；检出限为：ｃ＿（Ｌ、Ｚｎ）￣（２＋）＝５．６ｎｇ／ｍＬ，ｃ＿（ＬＰｂ）￣（２＋）＝４．０ｎｇ／ｍＬ。     

十二烷基苯磺酰胺喹啉作载体的液膜法提取水中铅的研究

研究了十二烷基苯磺酰胺喹啉萃取铅（Ⅱ）的行为。研究表明，此种萃取剂在一定的条件下，能有效萃取铅（Ⅱ），并采用斜率法探讨了对铅（Ⅱ）的萃取机理。在此基础上，研究了该萃取剂作为载体的乳状液膜对铅的提取。     

流动注射在线萃取—石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品痕量钯

应用流动注射在线萃取技术将ＰｄＣｌ＾２－６萃入２－巯基苯并噻唑－甲基异丁基酮直接进行石墨炉原子吸收测定。研究了流动注射在线萃取－石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中钯的实验条件、流路参数等。采样速率为２０样／ｈ,ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝１０）为４．８％,测定Ｐｄ的特征质量为２．６＊１０＾－１１。     

6，6＇－二（二苯基氧化膦甲基）－1，1＇－氮氧化－2，2＇－联吡啶与硝酸铒配合物的合成与结构

合成了硝酸铒与四功能团含磷萃取剂６，６＇－二（二苯基氧化膦甲基）－１，１＇－氮氧化－２，２＇－联吡啶的配合物。用四圆衍射仪测定了配合物的晶体结构。晶体属单斜晶系，空间群Ｃ２／ｃ，晶体学参数，ａ＝１．９８３０（４）ｎｍ，ｂ＝２．３１３５（４）ｎｍ，ｃ＝１．８６００（３）ｎｍ；β＝９６．１８（２）°，ｚ＝４。配合物中有机配体以四齿形式与中心离子铒配位，金属离子的配位数为８。配位几何构形为稍变形的四方反棱柱。金属离子周围的配位水分子已全部被取代。     

一种在线液—液萃取微型多用分相器的设计和应用：IV.流动注射液— …

设计了在线液－液萃取多用重分布相器及相应流动注射流路系统与ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法联用。具有良好的分析性能，通过对矿石中某些重稀土元素在硝酸介质中被ＴＢＰ萃取的应用研究表明钇，镱，铒的检出限（３σ）分别为６．８ｎｇ／ｍＬ，０．２ｎｇ／ｍＬ和１．５ｎｇ／ｍＬ，精密度（ＲＳＤ％）分别为０．２４，０．４７和１．８，进样频率为２５－３０个／ｈ。     

对乙酰基偶氮羧光度法测铅铜合金中的痕量铅

２－（２－羧基苯偶氮）－７－（４－乙酰基苯偶氮）－１，８－二羟基－３，６－萘二磺酸（简称对乙酰基偶氮羧）是钡的高灵敏显色剂［１］，我们把对乙酰基偶氮羧用于铅的试验，结果发现，在ｐＨ＝２．０的酸性介质中，铅与显色剂形成兰色配合物，在λ＝７１５ｎｍ处有最...     

Determination of melamine residue in liquid milk by capillary electrophoresis with solid-phase extraction

A novel solid-phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis (SPE-CE) method was developed for the determination of melamine residue in liquid milk. The conditions of SPE and CE were investigated and optimized. A 1% trichloroacetic acid plus 2.2% lead acetate solution were used for the extraction of analyte and the removal of protein. A Cleanert PCX SPE cartridges column was used for clean up. The 50 mM sodium dihydrogenphosphate running buffer (pH adjusted to 3.2 with citric acid) was used as a running buffer. The linearity is satisfactory in the range of 0.8-100 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. Under the optimal conditions, the method limit of detection (LOD) and method limit of quantification were 0.12 mg/kg and 0.37 mg/kg, respectively. The recovery of melamine from different liquid milk samples was in the range of 89.5-98.5% with a relative standard deviation of 1.8-3.5%. The intra- and inter-day assay precision was 2.8% (n = 6) and 4.1% for five days, respectively. The developed method has been applied successfully for the determination of melamine residue in liquid milk samples. The results obtained by the proposed method agree with those obtained by high-performance liquid chromatographic method. The proposed method enables the quantitative determination of melamine residues at levels as low as 0.37 mg/kg in different liquid milk.     

Determination of Cadmium and Lead in Human Teeth Samples Using Dispersive Liquid‐liquid Microextraction and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A new method for the determination of cadmium and lead in human teeth was developed based on dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction preconcentration and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry determination. In the proposed approach, O,O‐diethyldithiophosphate (DDTP) was used as a chelating agent, and carbon tetrachloride and methanol were selected as extraction and dispersive solvents. Some factors influencing the extraction efficiency of cadmium and lead and their subsequent determination, including extraction and dispersive solvent type and volume, pH of sample solution, concentration of the chelating agent and extraction time, were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factor of 116 and 68 for cadmium and lead were achieved. The detection limit for cadmium and lead was 5.6 and 45 ng L^?1, and the relative standard deviation (R.S.D) was 4.5% and 3.8% (n = 7, c = 1.0 ng mL^?1), respectively. Verification of the accuracy of the method was carried out by analysis of a standard reference material (NIST 1486, bone meal). The method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amount of cadmium and lead in human teeth samples with satisfactory results.     

Determination of lead, cadmium and mercury in microwave-digested foodstuffs by RP-HPLC with an on-line enrichment technique.

A new method for the simultaneous determination of lead, cadmium and mercury ions in microwave-digested foodstuffs by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography combined with on-line enrichment technique has been developed. The foodstuff samples were digested by microwave digestion. The lead, cadmium and mercury ions can be precolumn derivatized with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-aminophenyl)porphine (T3APP) to form color chelates; then, the Hg-T3APP, Cd-T3APP and Pb-T3APP chelates can be enriched and separated on a valve switching HPLC system combined with on-line enrichment technique. The linearity ranges are 0.01-120 microg/l for each metal ion. The detection limits (S/N = 3) of lead, cadmium and mercury are 1.2 ng/l, 0.5 ng/l and 0.8 ng/l, respectively. This method was applied to the determination of lead, cadmium and mercury in foodstuffs with good results.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂胶中的氯霉素

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定蜂胶中氯霉素残留的方法。样品用水提取后,以醋酸铅溶液作为沉淀剂除去样品中的大部分黄酮类成分,用液-液萃取的方式提取样品中的氯霉素残留,最后以HPLC-MS/MS对样品进行定性、定量分析。该方法采用内标法定量,线性范围为0.05～2.0 μg/L,相关系数为0.9996;方法的检出限(以信噪比(S/N)为3计)和定量限(以S/N=10计)分别为0.1 μg/kg和0.3 μg/kg;回收率范围为70.1%～94.0%,日内精密度小于10%,日间精密度在15.0%以下。该方法简便快捷,能除去蜂胶中的大部分黄酮类成分,减少了干扰,可以用于蜂胶中氯霉素残留的测定。     

Determination of chloramphenicol in royal jelly by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

A liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) in royal jelly. Royal jelly samples were first denatured with lead acetate solution, and the CAP was extracted with solid-phase extraction before separation by liquid chromatography. A triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in the negative electrospray ionization and selected-reaction monitoring mode was used for the detection of CAP. For method validation, royal jelly samples were fortified at CAP levels between 0.1 and 10.0 microg/kg; at these levels, recovery values (internal standard-corrected) ranged from 93.3 to 105.0%, and the within-laboratory reproducibility (relative standard deviation) was < or = 9.1%. The decision limit was 0.07 microg/kg, and the detection capability was 0.1 microg/kg.     

Simultaneous determination of four heavy metal ions in tobacco and tobacco additive by online enrichment followed by RP-HPLC and microwave digestion

A new method for the simultaneous determination of tin, lead, cadmium, and mercury in tobacco and tobacco additive by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography combined with microwave digestion and an online enrichment technique is developed. The tin, lead, cadmium, and mercury ions are precolumn derivatized with tetra-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-porphyrin (T(4)-DMAPP) to form color chelates. The Sn-T(4)-DMAPP, Hg-T(4)-DMAPP, Cd-T(4)-DMAPP, and Pb-T(4)-DMAPP chelates are absorbed onto the front of the enrichment column using a buffer solution of 0.05 mol/L pyrrolidine-acetic acid (pH = 10.0) as the mobile phase. After the concentration is finished (by switching the six-port switching valve) the retained chelates are back-flushed by the mobile phase and move to the analytical column. The chelate separation on the analytical column is satisfactory using gradient elution with methanol (containing 0.05 mol/L pyrrolidine-acetic acid buffer salt, pH = 10.0) and tetrahydrofuran (containing 0.05 mol/L pyrrolidine-acetic acid buffer salt, pH = 10.0). The linearity range is 0.01-120 micro g/L for each metal ion. The detection limits (S/N = 3) of tin, lead, cadmium, and mercury are 0.6, 0.8, 0.5, and 0.6 ng/L, respectively. This method is applied to the determination of tin, lead, cadmium, and mercury in tobacco and it's additive with good results.     

连续滴定法测定铅精矿中的铅、铜

建立了铅精矿中主量元素铅和次量元素铜的连续滴定分析方法。将铅滴定分析中经硫酸沉淀分离后的滤液,再经硫酸冒烟,用去离子水溶解后,通过滴定法对铅精矿中高含量铜进行分析。该方法铅精矿中铅的检出限为1.4 mg/g,铜的检出限为1.0 mg/g。对3个实际样品中铅、铜分别进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于3.0%(n=7),铅的加标回收率为99.71%~100.19%,铜的加标回收率为99.33%~100.47%。该方法通过一次溶样,对铅精矿中的铅、铜连续进行滴定分析,方法快速、准确,适用于铅精矿中含量大于1.4%的铅和含量大于1.0%的铜的测定。     

Use of a novel medium, the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-trimethylsilylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, for liquid-liquid extraction of lead in water and its determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-trimethylsilylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, abbreviated as [C4tmsim][PF6], was developed as a novel medium for liquid-liquid extraction of lead(II) in water, in which dithizone was used as a metal chelator to form a neutral lead-dithizone complex. Under optimal conditions, the complex was extracted into the [C4tmsim][PF6] phase from aqueous solution and back-extracted with nitric acid solution into the aqueous phase that was used directly for the subsequent determination of Pb. The system using the ionic liquid demonstrated good extraction performance; the extraction and back-extraction efficiencies were 99.8 and 99.7%, respectively, for Pb(II) at 20 microg/L. The above procedure, including the extraction and back-extraction, was used to enrich trace levels of Pb(ll) in a relatively large volume of water samples (1000 mL water), and an enrichment factor of 400 was obtained. The enrichment coupled with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was successfully applied to the determination of Pb in water. The calibration graph was linear at levels near the detection limits up to > or = 100 ng/L Pb(II). The limits of quantitation and detection for lead in real water samples were 2.5 and 1.0 ng/L, respectively. Lead recoveries of 96.2-103.8% from spiked samples demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method.     

微波消解–石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定84消毒剂中的痕量铅

建立了84消毒剂中痕量铅的微波消解–石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定方法。84消毒液以硝酸为消解试剂,用微波消解法进行消解。用2%磷酸二氢铵为基体改进剂,在优化后的仪器工作条件下测定。铅的质量浓度在0~80.0ng/mL范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.999 3,方法检出限为0.005 4 mg/kg,平均回收率为94.66%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.87%(n=6)。该方法灵敏度与准确度高,可用于84消毒剂中痕量铅的检测。     

氢化物发生–原子荧光法测定无机盐类食品添加剂中的铅

建立了氢化物发生–原子荧光光谱法测定无机盐类食品添加剂中铅的分析方法。考察了仪器工作条件、载流的酸度、还原剂浓度、氧化剂和掩蔽剂的用量以及共存元素对测量体系的影响。在优化实验条件下,该方法的线性范围为0~60μg/L(r=0.999 7),方法检出限为3.3μg/kg。以5种无机盐类食品添加剂为例,加入铅的质量浓度分别为12,24,48μg/L,每种浓度均进行6次平行测定,铅的回收率在95.0%~103.8%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.05%~2.71%(n=6)。该法适用于食品添加剂的质量控制和日常检测。