Uniform Zariski’s theorem on fundamental groups

The Zariski theorem says that for every hypersurface in a complex projective (resp. affine) space and for every generic plane in the projective (resp. affine) space the natural embedding generates an isomorphism of the fundamental groups of the complements to the hypersurface in the plane and in the space. If a family of hypersurfaces depends algebraically on parameters then it is not true in general that there exists a plane such that the natural embedding generates an isomorphism of the fundamental groups of the complements to each hypersurface from this family in the plane and in the space. But we show that in the affine case such a plane exists after a polynomial coordinate substitution. The research was partially supported by an NSA grant.     

General blow-ups of the projective plane

We study linear series on a projective plane blown up in a bunch of general points. Such series arise from plane curves of fixed degree with assigned fat base points. We give conditions (expressed as inequalities involving the number of points and the degree of the plane curves) on these series to be base point free, i.e. to define a morphism to a projective space. We also provide conditions for the morphism to be a higher order embedding. In the discussion of the optimality of obtained results we relate them to the Nagata Conjecture expressed in the language of Seshadri constants and we give a lower bound on these invariants.     

Automorphism groups of real algebraic curves which are double covers of the real projective plane

For each integer g≥ 3 we give the complete list of groups acting as full automorphism groups of real algebraic curves of genus $g$ which are double covers of the real projective plane. Explicit polynomial equations of such curves and the formulae of their automorphisms are also given. Received: 29 April 1999 / Revised version: 26 November 1999     

A case study in formalizing projective geometry in Coq: Desargues theorem

Formalizing geometry theorems in a proof assistant like Coq is challenging. As emphasized in the literature, the non-degeneracy conditions lead to long technical proofs. In addition, when considering higher-dimensions, the amount of incidence relations (e.g. point–line, point–plane, line–plane) induce numerous technical lemmas. In this article, we investigate formalizing projective plane geometry as well as projective space geometry. We mainly focus on one of the fundamental properties of the projective space, namely Desargues property. We formally prove that it is independent of projective plane geometry axioms but can be derived from Pappus property in a two-dimensional setting. Regarding at least three-dimensional projective geometry, we present an original approach based on the notion of rank which allows to describe incidence and non-incidence relations such as equality, collinearity and coplanarity homogeneously. This approach allows to carry out proofs in a more systematic way and was successfully used to fairly easily formalize Desargues theorem in Coq. This illustrates the power and efficiency of our approach (using only ranks) to prove properties of the projective space.     

On the fundamental group of the complement of a complex hyperplane arrangement

We construct two combinatorially equivalent line arrangements in the complex projective plane such that the fundamental groups of their complements are not isomorphic. The proof uses a new invariant of the fundamental group of the complement to a line arrangement of a given combinatorial type with respect to isomorphisms inducing the canonical isomorphism of the first homology groups.     

Counting bitangents with stable maps

This paper is an elementary introduction to the theory of moduli spaces of curves and maps. As an application to enumerative geometry, we show how to count the number of bitangent lines to a projective plane curve of degree d by doing intersection theory on moduli spaces.     

On the classification of rational second-order Bézier curves

Each rational (projective) Bézier curve is determined by three points in the plane and by positive weights assigned to these points. As is known, any such curve is an arc of either a parabola, an ellipse, or a hyperbola. An equation for a projective Bézier curve in barycentric coordinates is derived. This equation depends on a parameter. A complete classification of the curves under consideration in terms of parameter values is suggested.     

Smooth Projective Planes

Using symplectic topology and the Radon transform, we prove that smooth 4-dimensional projective planes are diffeomorphic to . We define the notion of a plane curve in a smooth projective plane, show that plane curves in high dimensional regular planes are lines, prove that homeomorphisms preserving plane curves are smooth collineations, and prove a variety of results analogous to the theory of classical projective planes. *Thanks to Robert Bryant and John Franks.     

Fibrations by nonsmooth genus three curves in characteristic three

Bertini’s theorem on variable singular points may fail in positive characteristic, as was discovered by Zariski in 1944. In fact, he found fibrations by nonsmooth curves. In this work we continue to classify this phenomenon in characteristic three by constructing a two-dimensional algebraic fibration by nonsmooth plane projective quartic curves, that is universal in the sense that the data about some fibrations by nonsmooth plane projective quartics are condensed in it. Our approach has been motivated by the close relation between it and the theory of regular but nonsmooth curves, or equivalently, nonconservative function fields in one variable. Actually, it also provides an understanding of the interesting effect of the relative Frobenius morphism in fibrations by nonsmooth curves. In analogy to the Kodaira-Néron classification of special fibers of minimal fibrations by elliptic curves, we also construct the minimal proper regular model of some fibrations by nonsmooth projective plane quartic curves, determine the structure of the bad fibers, and study the global geometry of the total spaces.     

Geometric Structures on the Complement of a Projective Arrangement

Consider a complex projective space with its Fubini-Study metric. We study certain one parameter deformations of this metric on the complement of an arrangement (= finite union of hyperplanes) whose Levi-Civita connection is of Dunkl type. Interesting examples are obtained from the arrangements defined by finite complex reflection groups. We determine a parameter interval for which the metric is locally of Fubini-Study type, flat, or complex-hyperbolic. We find a finite subset of this interval for which we get a complete orbifold or at least a Zariski open subset thereof, and we analyze these cases in some detail (e.g., we determine their orbifold fundamental group).In this set-up, the principal results of Deligne-Mostow on the Lauricella hypergeometric differential equation and work of Barthel-Hirzebruch-Höfer on arrangements in a projective plane appear as special cases. Along the way we produce in a geometric manner all the pairs of complex reflection groups with isomorphic discriminants, thus providing a uniform approach to work of Orlik-Solomon.     

Fluctuations in the number of points on smooth plane curves over finite fields

In this note, we study the fluctuations in the number of points on smooth projective plane curves over a finite field Fq as q is fixed and the genus varies. More precisely, we show that these fluctuations are predicted by a natural probabilistic model, in which the points of the projective plane impose independent conditions on the curve. The main tool we use is a geometric sieving process introduced by Poonen (2004) [8].     

A fake projective plane with an order 7 automorphism

A fake projective plane is a compact complex surface (a compact complex manifold of dimension 2) with the same Betti numbers as the complex projective plane, but not isomorphic to the complex projective plane. As was shown by Mumford, there exists at least one such surface.In this paper we prove the existence of a fake projective plane which is birational to a cyclic cover of degree 7 of a Dolgachev surface.     

Restricted homogeneous coordinates for the Cayley projective plane

I. Porteous has shown that the Cayley projective plane can be coordinatized in a way resembling homogeneous coordinates. We will show how to construct line coordinates in a similar way. As an illustration, we give an explicit example to show that the Cayley projective plane is not Desarguean.     

Projective Bundles of Singular Plane Cubics

Classification theory and the study of projective varieties which are covered by rational curves of minimal degrees naturally leads to the study of families of singular rational curves. Since families of arbitrarily singular curves are hard to handle, it has been shown in [Keb00] that there exists a partial resolution of singularities which transforms a bundle of possibly badly singular curves into a bundle of nodal and cuspidal plane cubics. In cases which are of interest for classification theory, the total spaces of th se bundles will clearly be projective. It is, however, generally false that an arbitrary bundle of plane cubics is globally projective. For that reason the question of projectivity and the study of moduli seems to be of interest, and the present work gives a characterization of the projective bundles.     

Integrable Equations Arising from Motions of Plane Curves. II

Integrable equations satisfied by the curvature of plane curves or curves on the real line under inextensible motions in some Klein geometries are identified. These include the Euclidean, similarity, and projective geometries on the real line, and restricted conformal, conformal, and projective geometries in the plane. Together with Chou and Qu [Physica D 162 (2002), 9–33], we determine inextensible motions and their associated integrable equations in all Klein geometries in the plane. The relations between several pairs of these geometries provide a natural geometric explanation of the existence of transformations of Miura and Cole-Hopf type.     

On the number of cusps on cuspidal curves on Hirzebruch surfaces

In this article we give an upper bound for the number of cusps on a cuspidal curve on a Hirzebruch surface. We adapt the results that have been found for a similar question asked for cuspidal curves on the projective plane, and restate the results in this new setting.     

The Schubert Triangle Geometry on an Algebraic Surface

For a smooth complex projective surface, and for two families of curves with traditional singularities in it, we enumerate the pairs of curves in each family having two points of contact among them, thus generalizing the double contact formulae known or conjectured by Zeuthen and Schubert in the case of the complex projective plane. The technique we use to this purpose is a particular notion of triangle which can be defined in any smooth surface, thus potentially generalizing to arbitrary surfaces the Schubert technique of triangles.     

Real plane algebraic curves

We study real algebraic plane curves, at an elementary level, using as little algebra as possible. Both cases, affine and projective, are addressed. A real curve is infinite, finite or empty according to the fact that a minimal polynomial for the curve is indefinite, semi-definite nondefinite or definite. We present a discussion about isolated points. By means of the P operator, these points can be easily identified for curves defined by minimal polynomials of order bigger than one. We also discuss the conditions that a curve must satisfy in order to have a minimal polynomial. Finally, we list the most relevant topological properties of affine and projective, complex and real plane algebraic curves.     

Algebraic geometry of the eigenvector mapping for a free rigid body

The present paper deals with the algebro-geometric aspects of the eigenvector mapping for a free rigid body. The eigenvector mapping is regarded as a rational mapping to the complex projective plane from the product of the elliptic curves, one of which is the integral curve and the other the spectral curve. This is the space of the necessary data to determine the eigenvectors. The eigenvector mapping admits a factorisation through a Kummer surface, which is a double covering of the projective plane branched along a sextic curve associated with the dynamics. The key of the argument is the Cremona transformation of the projective plane and some elliptic fibrations of the Kummer surface.     

代数曲线的相交重数（英文）

In this paper, we study the intersection multiplicity of algebraic curves at a point both in R~2 and in real projective plane P~2. We introduce the fold point of curves and provide conditions for the relations between the intersection multiplicity of curves at a point and the folds of the point.