More about chiral symmetry restoration at finite temperature in the planar limit

In the planar limit, in the deconfined phase, the Euclidean Dirac operator has a spectral gap around zero. We show that functions of eigenvalues close to the spectral edge, which are independent of common rescalings and shifts gauge configuration by gauge configuration, have distributions described by a Gaussian Hermitian matrix model. However, combinations of eigenvalues that are scale and shift invariant only on the average, do not match this matrix model.     

Axial charges of octet baryons in two-flavor lattice QCD

We evaluate the strangeness-conserving NN, ΣΣ, ΞΞ, ΛΣ and the strangeness-changing ΛN, ΣN, ΛΞ, ΣΞ axial charges in lattice QCD with two flavors of dynamical quarks and extend our previous work on pseudoscalar-meson–octet-baryon coupling constants so as to include πΞΞ, KΛΞ and KΣΞ   coupling constants. We find that the axial charges have rather weak quark mass dependence and the breaking in SU(3)$\mathrm{SU}(3)$-flavor symmetry is small at each quark-mass point we consider.     

Noise spectrum of charge current in a quantum dot system under the irradiation of quantum electromagnetic field

We have investigated the noise spectrum of a quantum dot (QD) coupled to two normal metal leads under the perturbation of a quantum electromagnetic field (QEMF) by nonequilibrium Green?s function method. Current correlation function is determined through making the ensemble average over the lowest SU(1,1)$\mathrm{SU}(1,1)$ coherent state. The fluctuation of QEMF makes important contribution to the noise by imposing an additional term, and quantum feature of the QEMF is transferred to the shot noise. The total noise of our system is composed of three parts: the thermal noise, the quantum field noise, and the shot noise. The quantum field noise is generated from the QEMF, and it dominates the total noise. The shot noise and quantum field noise belong to different types, and they display quite differently. The stair-like and photon-assisted behaviors are obviously exhibited. The enhancement and suppression of noise can be controlled by adjusting the parameters according to its behaviors.     

New massive gravity domain walls

The properties of the asymptotic AdS₃${\mathit{AdS}}_3$ space–times representing flat domain walls (DW's) solutions of the new massive 3D gravity with scalar matter are studied. Our analysis is based on first order BPS-like equations involving an appropriate superpotential. The Brown–York boundary stress-tensor is used for the calculation of DW's tensions as well as of the CFT₂${\mathit{CFT}}_2$ central charges. The holographic renormalization group flows and the phase transitions in specific deformed CFT₂${\mathit{CFT}}_2$ dual to 3D massive gravity model with quadratic superpotential are discussed.     

The Schwinger Dyson equations and the algebra of constraints of random tensor models at all orders

Random tensor models for a generic complex tensor generalize matrix models in arbitrary dimensions and yield a theory of random geometries. They support a 1/N$1/N$ expansion dominated by graphs of spherical topology. Their Schwinger Dyson equations, generalizing the loop equations of matrix models, translate into constraints satisfied by the partition function. The constraints have been shown, in the large N limit, to close a Lie algebra indexed by colored rooted D  -ary trees yielding a first generalization of the Virasoro algebra in arbitrary dimensions. In this paper we complete the Schwinger Dyson equations and the associated algebra at all orders in 1/N$1/N$. The full algebra of constraints is indexed by D-colored graphs, and the leading order D-ary tree algebra is a Lie subalgebra of the full constraints algebra.     

Effects of oxygen-containing defect complex on the electronic structures and transport properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes

The electronic structures and transport properties of (10,0)$(10,0)$ single-walled carbon nanotube ((10,0)$(10,0)$ (SWNT)) with oxygen-containing defect complex are investigated using density functional theory in combination with nonequilibrium Green?s function method. The complex delocalizes the local states of (10,0)$(10,0)$ SWNT induced by mono- and di-vacancy but strengthens the localization of the states induced by the Stone–Wales defect. As a result, the complex partially restores the transport properties of (10,0)$(10,0)$ SWNT with vacancies, but reduces the transmission of (10,0)$(10,0)$ SWNT with Stone–Wales defect. However, the oxygen-containing defect complex only slightly influences the transmission gap and threshold voltage of the system.     

The Ising model on random lattices in arbitrary dimensions

We study analytically the Ising model coupled to random lattices in dimension three and higher. The family of random lattices we use is generated by the large N limit of a colored tensor model generalizing the two-matrix model for Ising spins on random surfaces. We show that, in the continuum limit, the spin system does not exhibit a phase transition at finite temperature, in agreement with numerical investigations. Furthermore we outline a general method to study critical behavior in colored tensor models.     

Measurements of magnetostriction of paramagnetic Fe–Mo–Cu–B metallic glasses

Magnetostriction of amorphous Fe₇₉Mo₈Cu₁B₁₂, (Fe₁₂Co₁)₇₉Mo₈Cu₁B₁₂ and (Fe₉Co₁)₇₉Mo₈Cu₁B₁₂ prepared by planar flow casting was measured using a direct method. The results indicate that magnetostriction in parallel (_λ∥)$({\lambda }_{\parallel })$ and perpendicular (_λ⊥)$({\lambda }_{\perp })$ directions of applied magnetic field is linearly dependent on magnetic field. In order to determine the influences of chemical composition and the conditions of sample preparation the magnetostriction of pure BCC-Fe, Cu and Mo were also measured. Samples containing Co with Curie temperatures slightly above room temperatures were shown to exhibit a hybrid magnetostriction behaviour with both ferromagnetic and paramagnetic features.     

Constraints on dark energy and modified gravity models by the Cosmological Redshift Drift test

We study cosmological constraints on the various accelerating models of the universe using the time evolution of the cosmological redshift of distant sources. The important characteristic of this test is that it directly probes the expansion history of the universe. In this work we analyze the various models of the universe which can explain the late time acceleration, within the framework of General Theory of Relativity (GR) (XCDM, scalar field potentials) and beyond GR (f(R)$f(R)$ gravity model).     

The method of increments—a wavefunction-based ab initio correlation method for solids

An overview of wavefunction-based correlation methods generalised for the application to solids is presented. Those methods based on a preceding Hartree–Fock treatment explicitly calculate the many-body wavefunction in contrast to the density-functional theory which relies on the ground-state density of the system. This review focus on the so-called method of increments where the correlation energy of the solid is expanded in terms of localised orbitals or of a group of localised orbitals. The method of increments is applied to a great variety of materials, from covalent semiconductors to ionic insulators, from large band-gap materials like diamond to the half-metal α$\alpha$-tin, from large molecules like fullerenes over polymers, graphite to three-dimensional solids. Rare-gas crystals where the binding is van der Waals like are treated as well as solid mercury, where the metallic binding is entirely due to correlation. Strongly correlated systems are examined and the correlation driven metal–insulator transition is described at an ab initio level.     

Cross sections for (d–t) neutron interaction with germanium isotopes

The cross sections for (n,x)$(n,x)$ reactions with Ge isotopes were measured at (d–t) neutron energies around 14 MeV with the activation technique using metal discs of natural composition. Calculations of detector efficiency, incident neutron spectrum and correction factors were performed with the Monte Carlo technique (MCNP4C code). Cross sections data are presented for ⁷⁰Ge(n,2n$n,2n$)⁶⁹Ge, ⁷⁴Ge(n,α$n,\alpha$)^71mZn, ⁷⁶Ge(n,2n$n,2n$)^75(m + g)Ge, ⁷⁰Ge(n,p$n,p$)⁷⁰Ga and ⁷²Ge(n,2n$n,2n$)^71gGe reactions. The cross section results for ⁷²Ge(n,2n$n,2n$)^71gGe reaction were reported for the first time. Some other cross sections were obtained with higher precision, including the ⁷⁰Ge(n,p$n,p$)⁷⁰Ga reaction. Theoretical calculations of excitation functions were performed with the TALYS-1.0 code and compared with the experimental cross section values. Data were included in the EXFOR database.     

The phenomenology of Dvali–Gabadadze–Porrati cosmologies

Cosmologists today are confronted with the perplexing reality that the universe is currently accelerating in its expansion. Nevertheless, the nature of the fuel that drives today's cosmic acceleration is an open and tantalizing mystery. There exists the intriguing possibility that the acceleration is not the manifestation of yet another mysterious ingredient in the cosmic gas tank (dark energy), but rather our first real lack of understanding of gravity itself, and even possibly a signal that there might exist dimensions beyond that which we can currently observe. The braneworld model of Dvali, Gabadadze and Porrati (DGP) is a theory where gravity is altered at immense distances by the excruciatingly slow leakage of gravity off our three-dimensional Universe and, as a modified-gravity theory, has pioneered this line of investigation. I review the underlying structure of DGP gravity and those phenomenological developments relevant to cosmologists interested in a pedagogical treatment of this intriguing model.     

Maximum entropy production principle in physics,chemistry and biology

The tendency of the entropy to a maximum as an isolated system is relaxed to the equilibrium (the second law of thermodynamics) has been known since the mid-19th century. However, independent theoretical and applied studies, which suggested the maximization of the entropy production during nonequilibrium processes (the so-called maximum entropy production principle, MEPP), appeared in the 20th century. Publications on this topic were fragmented and different research teams, which were concerned with this principle, were unaware of studies performed by other scientists. As a result, the recognition and the use of MEPP by a wider circle of researchers were considerably delayed. The objectives of the present review consist in summation and analysis of studies dealing with MEPP. The first part of the review is concerned with the thermodynamic and statistical basis of the principle (including the relationship of MEPP with the second law of thermodynamics and Prigogine's principle). Various existing applications of the principle to analysis of nonequilibrium systems will be discussed in the second part.     

Charmonium suppression at RHIC and SPS: A hadronic baseline

A kinetic equation approach is applied to model anomalous J/ψ$J/\psi$ suppression at RHIC and SPS by absorption in a hadron resonance gas which successfully describes statistical hadron production in both experiments. The puzzling rapidity dependence of the PHENIX data is reproduced as a geometric effect due to a longer absorption path for J/ψ$J/\psi$ production at forward rapidity.