Two maximal subgroups of E8(2)

We show that E₈(2) has a unique conjugacy class of subgroups isomorphic to PSp₄(5) and a unique conjugacy class of subgroups isomorphic to PSL₃(5). There normalizers are maximal subgroups of E₈(2) and are, respectively, isomorphic to PGSp₄(5) and Aut(PSL₃(5)).     

On some exotic finite subgroups of E 8 and Springer’s regular elements of the Weyl group

A proof (by Serre and by Cohen, Griess and Lisser) verified, in the special case of E ₈, a conjecture of mine, that the finite projective group L ₂(61) embeds in E₈( \mathbbC ) {E_8}\left( \mathbb{C} \right) . Subsequently, Griess and Ryba have shown (using computers) that L ₂(49) and, in addition, (established by Serre without computers) L ₂(41) also embed in E₈( \mathbbC ) {E_8}\left( \mathbb{C} \right) . That is, if K = 30, 24, 20 and k ∈ K then L ₂(2k + 1) embeds in E₈( \mathbbC ) {E_8}\left( \mathbb{C} \right) . In this paper we show that the “Borel” subgroup B(k) of L ₂(2k + 1), k ∈ K, has a uniform construction. The theorem uses a result of T. Springer on the existence in E₈( \mathbbC ) {E_8}\left( \mathbb{C} \right) of three regular elements of the Weyl group, having orders k ∈ K, and associated to the regular, subregular and subsubregular nilpotent elements. Springer’s result generalizes (in the E ₈ case) a 1959 general result of mine relating the principal nilpotent element with the Coxeter element.     

THE FISCHER-CLIFFORD MATRICES OF THE GROUP 26: SP 6(2)

Abstract

The smallest Fischer sporadic simple group F₂₂ has 14 maximal subgroups up to conjugacy as listed in [2] and [15]. The group 2⁶: SP ₆(2) is a maximal subgroup of F ₂₂ of index 694980. We use the technique of the Fischer-Clifford matrices to constuct the character table of the group 2⁶: SP ₆(2). The Fischer-Clifford matrices of 2⁶: SP ₆(2) are used, together with the character tables of SP ₆(2) and a maximal subgroup 2⁵:S ₆ SP ₆ (2) of index 63, to construct the character table of 2⁶: SP ₆ (2).     

The polynomial Daugavet property for atomless L 1(μ)-spaces

For any atomless positive measure μ, the space L ₁(μ) has the polynomial Daugavet property, i.e., every weakly compact continuous polynomial ${P:L_1(\mu)\longrightarrow L_1(\mu)}For any atomless positive measure μ, the space L ₁(μ) has the polynomial Daugavet property, i.e., every weakly compact continuous polynomial P:L₁(m)? L₁(m){P:L_1(\mu)\longrightarrow L_1(\mu)} satisfies the Daugavet equation ||Id + P||=1 + ||P||{\|{\rm Id} + P\|=1 + \|P\|}. The same is true for the vector-valued spaces L ₁(μ, E), μ atomless, E arbitrary.     

Maximal Orders of Abelian Subgroups in Finite Chevalley Groups

In the present paper, for any finite group G of Lie type (except for ² F ₄(q)), the order a(G) of its large Abelian subgroup is either found or estimated from above and from below (the latter is done for the groups F ₄ (q), E ₆ (q), E ₇ (q), E ₈ (q), and ² E ₆(q ²)). In the groups for which the number a(G) has been found exactly, any large Abelian subgroup coincides with a large unipotent or a large semisimple Abelian subgroup. For the groups F ₄ (q), E ₆ (q), E ₇ (q), E ₈ (q), and ² E ₆(q ²)), it is shown that if an Abelian subgroup contains a noncentral semisimple element, then its order is less than the order of an Abelian unipotent group. Hence in these groups the large Abelian subgroups are unipotent, and in order to find the value of a(G) for them, it is necessary to find the orders of the large unipotent Abelian subgroups. Thus it is proved that in a finite group of Lie type (except for ² F ₄(q))) any large Abelian subgroup is either a large unipotent or a large semisimple Abelian subgroup.     

Krull–Schmidt reduction of principal bundles in arbitrary characteristic

Let M be an irreducible projective variety defined over an algebraically closed field k, and let E_G be a principal G-bundle over M, where G is a connected reductive linear algebraic group defined over k. We show that for E_G there is a naturally associated conjugacy class of Levi subgroups of G. Given a Levi subgroup H in this conjugacy class, the principal G-bundle E_G admits a reduction of structure group to H. Furthermore, this reduction is unique up to an automorphism of E_G.     

The geometric structure and the p-rank of an affine triple system derived from a nonassociative moufang loop with the maximum associative center

H. P. Young showed that there is a one-to-one correspondence between affine triple systems (or Hall triple systems) and exp. 3-Moufang loops (ML). Recently, L. Beneteau showed that (i) for any non-associative exp. 3-ML (E, · ) with E = 3ⁿ, 3 Z(E) 3ⁿ⁻³, where n 4 and Z(E) is an associative center of (E, ·), and (ii) there exists exactly one exp. 3-ML, denoted by (E_n, ·), such that E_n = 3ⁿ and Z(E_n) = 3ⁿ⁻³ for any integer n 4. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the geometric structure of the affine triple system derived from the exp. 3-ML(E_n, ·) in detail and to compare with the structure of an affine geometry AG(n, 3). We shall obtain (a) a necessary and sufficient condition for three lines L₁, L₂ and L₃ in (E_n, ·) that the transitivity of the parallelism holds for given three lines L₁, L₂ and L₃ in (E_n, ·) such that L₁L₂ and L₂L₃ and (b) a necessary and sufficient condition for m + 1 points in E_n (1 m < n) so that the subsystem generated by those m + 1 points consists of 3^m points. Using the structure of hyperplanes in (E_n, ·), the p-rank of the incidence matrix of the affine triple system derived from the exp. 3-ML(E_n, ·) is given.     

The unitary group over the integers of an unramified local field

Let L be a lattice over the integers of a local field F which has a nontrivial involution. Then U⁺(L) (the subgroup of rotations of the unitary group U(L)) is generated by unitary transvections and quasitransvections contained in U⁺(L) (Theorem 7.8). Let g be a tableau. Then the mixed commutator subgroup of U⁺(L) and U(g) (the congruence subgroup of U⁺(L) corresponding to g) equals E(g) (the subgroup generated by unitary transvections and quasitransvections with orders contained in g) (Theorem 7.7). Finally, let G be a subgroup of U⁺(L) with _o(G) = g, then G is a normal subgroup of U⁺(L) if and only if U(g) G E(g).     

The spectrum of the averaging operator for a finite homogeneous graph

We give an estimate for the spectrum of the averaging operator T₁(Γ, 1) over the radius 1 for the finite (q+1)-homogeneous quotient graph Γ/X, where X is an infinite (q+1)-homogeneous tree associated with the free group G over a finite set of generators S={x₁ ..., x_p} (2p=q+1), and Γ, a subgroup of finite index in G. T₁(Γ, 1) is defined on the subspace L²(Γ/G, 1) ⊖ E_ex, where E_ex is the subspace of eigenfunctions of T₁(Γ, 1) with eigenvalue λ such that |λ|=q+1. We present a construction of some finite homogeneous graphs such that the spectrum of their adjacency matrices can be calculated explicitly. Bibliography: 11 titles. Translated fromZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 205, 1993, pp. 92–109. Translated by A. M. Nikitin.     

Regularity Conditions for Arbitrary Leavitt Path Algebras

We show that if E is an arbitrary acyclic graph then the Leavitt path algebra L _K (E) is locally K-matricial; that is, L _K (E) is the direct union of subalgebras, each isomorphic to a finite direct sum of finite matrix rings over the field K. (Here an arbitrary graph means that neither cardinality conditions nor graph-theoretic conditions (e.g. row-finiteness) are imposed on E. These unrestrictive conditions are in contrast to the hypotheses used in much of the literature on this subject.) As a consequence we get our main result, in which we show that the following conditions are equivalent for an arbitrary graph E: (1) L _K (E) is von Neumann regular. (2) L _K (E) is π-regular. (3) E is acyclic. (4) L _K (E) is locally K-matricial. (5) L _K (E) is strongly π-regular. We conclude by showing how additional regularity conditions (unit regularity, strongly clean) can be appended to this list of equivalent conditions.     

Best Approximation of Functions like |x| exp(−A|x|)

We determine the exact order of best approximation by polynomials and entire functions of exponential type of functions like?_λ, α(x)=|x|^λ exp(−A|x|^−α). In particular, it is shown thatE(?_λ, α, _n, L_p(−1, 1))∼n^{−(2λp+αp+2)/2p(1+α)}×exp(−(1+α⁻¹)(Aα)^1/(1+α) cos απ/2(1+α) n^α/(1+α)), whereE(?_λ, α, _n, L_p(−1, 1)) denotes best polynomial approximation of?_λ, αinL_p(−1, 1),λ∈,α∈(0, 2],A>0, 1?p?∞. The problem, concerning the exact order of decrease ofE(?_0, 2, _n, L_∞(−1, 1)), has been posed by S. N. Bernstein.     

A note on the conjugacy classes of non-cyclic subgroups

Let G be a finite group and δ(G) denote the number of conjugacy classes of all non-cyclic subgroups of G. The symbol π(G) denotes the set of the prime divisors of |G|. In [7 Meng, W., Li, S. R. (2014). Finite groups with few conjugacy classes of non-cyclic subgroups. Scientia Sin. Math. 44:939–944.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]], Meng and Li showed the inequality δ(G)≥2^|π(G)|?2, where G is non-cyclic solvable group. In this paper, we describe the finite groups G such that δ(G) = 2^|π(G)|?2. Another aim of this paper would show δ(G)≥M(G)+2 for unsolvable groups G and the equality holds ?G?A₅ or SL(2,5), where M(G) denotes the number of conjugacy classes of all maximal subgroups of G.     

A theorem,like f⊘lner’s theorem on amenability,concerning residual properties of free groups

Let PL(F _q) denote the projective line over a Galois field F _q. Consider PSL (2, Z ) as a free product of two cyclic groups <x> and <y> of orders 2 and 3. We have shown that any homomorphism from PSL(2,Z) into PGL(2,q) can be extended to a homomorphism from PGL(2Z) into PGL(2q) except in the case where the order of the image of xyis 6 but the images of xand ydo not commute in PGL(2q). It has been shown also that every element in PGL(2,q), not of order 1,2 , or 6, is the image of xyunder some non-degenerate homomorphism. We have parametrized the conjugacy classes of non-degenerate homomorphisms α with the non-trivial elements of F _q. Due to this parametrization we have developed a useful mechanism by which one can construct.

a unique coset diagram (attributed to G. Higman) for each conjugacy class, depicting the action of PGL(2Z) on PL( F _q).     

Characterization of the alternating groups by their order and one conjugacy class length

Let G be a finite group, and let N(G) be the set of conjugacy class sizes of G. By Thompson’s conjecture, if L is a finite non-abelian simple group, G is a finite group with a trivial center, and N(G) = N(L), then L and G are isomorphic. Recently, Chen et al. contributed interestingly to Thompson’s conjecture under a weak condition. They only used the group order and one or two special conjugacy class sizes of simple groups and characterized successfully sporadic simple groups (see Li’s PhD dissertation). In this article, we investigate validity of Thompson’s conjecture under a weak condition for the alternating groups of degrees p+1 and p+2, where p is a prime number. This work implies that Thompson’s conjecture holds for the alternating groups of degree p + 1 and p + 2.     

The Frattini Subalgebra of Restricted Lie Superalgebras

In the present paper, we study the Frattini subalgebra of a restricted Lie superalgebra （L, [p]）. We show first that if L = A1 ＋ A2 ＋… ＋An, then Фp（L） = Фp（A1） ＋Фp（A2） ＋…＋Фp（An）, where each Ai is a p-ideal of L. We then obtain two results： F（L） = Ф（L） = J（L） = L if and only if L is nilpotent; Fp（L） and F（L） are nilpotent ideals of L if L is solvable. In addition, necessary and sufficient conditions are found for Фp-free restricted Lie superalgebras. Finally, we discuss the relationships of E-p-restricted Lie superalgebras and E-restricted Lie superalgebras.     

Non-linear parabolic problem associated with the penetration of a magnetic field into a substance

We study the following initial and boundary value problem: In section 1, with u₀ in L²(Ω), f continuous such that f(u) + ? non-decreasing for ? positive, we prove the existence of a unique solution on (0,T), for each T > 0. In section 2 it is proved that the unique soluition u belongs to L²(0, T; H ∩ H²) ∩ L^∞(0, T; H) if we assume u₀ in H and f in C¹(?,?). Numerical results are given for these two cases.     

On the ideal centre of the space of vector valued integrable functions

Let E be a Banach lattice and L¹(μ, E) be the space of E-valued Bochner integrable functions. Some order properties of L¹(μ, E) are given. It is shown that L_s^∞(μ, Z(E)) is the ideal centre of L¹(μ, E) and it is obtained a Radon-Nikodym type theorem for B -integrable functions.      

Singularity of orbital measures in SU(n)

We show that the minimalk such that μ^κ ∈L ¹(SU(n)) for all central, continuous measures μ on SU(n) isk=n. We do this by exhibiting an elementg∈SU(n) for which the (n−1)-fold product of its conjugacy class has zero Haar measure. This ensures that if μ _g is the corresponding orbital measure supported on the conjugacy class, then μ _g ^n-1 is singular toL ¹. This research is supported in part by NSERC. The hospitality of the University of Waterloo is gratefully acknowledged.