In vitro TRANSFORMATION OF RAT ESOPHAGEAL EPITHELIAL CELLS BY FUSARIN C

Fusarin C (FC) is a mutagenic and carcinogenic mycotoxin which was isolated from Fu-sarium moniliforme culture extracts. The Fusarium moniliforme is one of most prevalent fungi found on corn in Linxian, a high risk area for esophageal cancer. This paper reports, for the first time, the malignant transformation of rat esophageal epithelial cells induced by FC. The transformed cells showed several characteristics of transformation. Colonies were formed after seeding these transformed cells either into selective medium free of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and serum, or on semi-solid agar; there was an increase in chromosome number; the expression of c-myc and v-erb-B oncogenes was enhanced in the cells; and squamous cell carcinomas arose after inoculating the cells into nude mice. The results demonstrated transforming effect of FC on rat esophageal epithelial cells, and indicate that the abnormal expression of some oncogenes could serve as a hew property of transformed cells.     

BEHAVIOR OF CHO CELLS ON MODIFIED POLYPROPYLENE BY LOW TEMPERATURE AMMONIA PLASMA

The surface of polypropylene(PP) membrane was modified by low temperature plasma with ammonia.The effect of exposure time was investigated by means of contact angle measurement.The results show that low temperature ammonia plasma treatment can enhance its hydrophilicity.Chinese hamster ovary(CHO)cells attachment on the modified membrane was enhanced and the growth rate on the membrane was faster than unmodified one.     

BEHAVIOR OF CHO CELLS ON MODIFIED POLYPROPYLENE BY LOW TEMPERATURE AMMONIA PLASMA

1. INTRODUCTION Bioreactors using membranes as substrates of cell cultures have become widely used for hybrid liver support systems [1]. For enhancing and prolonging the metabolism of the bioreactors, cytocompatible membranes are necessary because the cell culture is closely affected by the substrate surface. Surface factors considered to be important in cell culture are the concentration of ionic groups, the nature of polar and non-polar groups and the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance [2].…     

LASER PHOTOSENSITIZATION OF CELLS BY HYPERICIN

Abstract— Administering a light dose of 90 J/cm² at 599 nm during incubation with hypericin to a highly differentiated normal epithelial cell line(FRTL–5), derived from Fisher rat thyroid, and to a neoplastic cell line(MPTK–6), derived from the lung metastases of a thyroid carcinoma induced in Fisher rats, produces cell kill at drug doses 1000 times lower than those necessary to cause the same mortality in the dark. The photocytocidal activity of this polycyclic quinone drug on neoplastic cells is superior to that of antitumor anthraquinone drugs, such as daunomycin and mitoxanthrone, and to the photosensitized antiviral activity previously reported for hypericin.     

EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN PATTERN OF LHRH PULSE ON LH SECRETION BY PERFUSED ANTERIOR PITUITARY CELLS OF MALE RATS

In the present study, a perfusion system of dispersed cells was used to investigate theeffects of LHRH pulse amplitude and frequency, and LHRH continuous stimulation on LHsecretion by anterior pituitary cells of adult male rats. The results have shown that, in therange of LHRH concentrations from 1×10~(-10) to 1 ×10~(-6) mol/L, the dose-response curve of LHsecretion was linear. LHRH pulse frequency generated a biphasic LH response: increasingLHRH pulse frequency increased the basal LH secretion and decreased LH/pulse. When1 ×10~(-9), mol/L or greater LHRH was given at frequencies of 3 pulses/h or higher, it wasobserved that a maximal LH peak was induced and then the LH release declined progres-sively to its LH basal level, i.e. LHRH self-priming effect and LH desensitization occurred.Enhancement of amplitude of LHRH pulses could reduce pulse frequency required for prim-ing. Increases in frequency of LHRH pulses with high amplitude would provoke the prim-ing effect more quickly. In addition, continuou     

PHOTODYNAMIC INACTIVATION OF YEAST CELLS SENSITIZED BY HEMATOPORPHYRIN

Abstract— Yeast cells are inactivated by treatment with hematoporphyrin and light. The inactivation is mainly mediated by singlet oxygen. The quantum yield of singlet oxygen increases with increasing pH, while the efficiency of cellular inactivation decreases with increasing pH. Cells in the stationary phase are much more resistant to the treatment than cells in exponential growth. Membrane damage seems to be the main determining step in the photoinactivation.     

ENHANCEMENT OF PORPHYRIN-PHOTOSENSITIZATION OF YEAST CELLS BY ETHANOL

Abstract In porphyrin photosensitization, the localization of porphyrin in the cell and the sensitizing activity have been of recent concern. Hydrophobic porphyrins are usually in a highly aggregated state in aqueous systems. This study was designed to see whether the change in the polarity of the environment by adding ethanol could modify the sensitizing effects of porphyrins using a fermentable (alcohol tolerant) yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) cells. The results showed that (1) the addition of ethanol (˜15%) to the aqueous suspension remarkably increased inactivation and cell membrane damage both in the hematoporphyrin (HP) and protoporphyrin (PP) photosensitizations, and (2) a sharp induction of genetic changes occurred concomitantly both in HP and PP sensitized cells in the presence of ethanol. In view of the fact that the addition of ethanol modified the absorption spectra and fluorescence intensity of porphyrins in favor of deaggregation, these results may be interpreted to mean that deaggregation of porphyrins promoted by ethanol enhanced their solubility in the lipophilic environment of the cell membrane and even further inside, thereby increasing the sensitizing activities.     

PHOTOSENSITIZED INACTIVATION OF CHINESE HAMSTER CELLS BY PHTHALOCYANINES

Chloroaluminum phthalocyanine was found to sensitize cultured Chinese hamster cells upon exposure to white fluorescent light. Elimination of wavelengths below 370 nm did not reduce the effect significantly, indicating that the effective wavelengths were those absorbed by the Q band (600–700 nm) of phthalocyanine. The magnitude of the photosensitizing effect increased with the dye concentration and the time of its contact with the cells prior to light exposure. Although photosensitization was drastically reduced in the absence of oxygen, the lack of effect of glycerol and D₂0 during exposure suggests that neither hydroxyl radicals nor ¹O₂ are responsible for the cytotoxic response. The efficiency of the photosensitized induced cell killing did not vary with the position of the cells in the cell cycle, in contrast to exposure to X-rays. The improved spectral properties, the reported low toxicity and the selective retention by neoplasms, make phthalocyanines promising candidates for use in photodynamic therapy of cancer.     

UV-ENHANCED REACTIVATION IN MAMMALIAN CELLS: INCREASE BY CAFFEINE

Abstract— It has been reported that caffeine decreases UV-enhanced reactivation of UV-irradiated Herpes simplex virus in CV-1 monkey kidney cells. That occurred when there was no delay between cell irradiation and virus infection. In the present study, virus infection was delayed following cell irradiation to allow an 'induction'period separate from the 'expression'period which occurs during the virus infection. Thus, the effects of caffeine on 'induction'and 'expression'could be determined separately. Caffeine increased the expression of UV-enhanced reactivation, while causing a small decrease in the 'induction'of enhanced reactivation.     

CYTOKINE RELEASE BY PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS IS AFFECTED BY 8-METHOXYPSORALEN PLUS UV-A

Psoralen plus UV-A (PUVA) is an effective therapy for psoriasis but also for other inflammatory dermatoses. The precise mechanisms of action, however, are not absolutely clear. Therefore, the effect of PUVA on the release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) was studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from humans were incubated with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and exposed to UV-A (20 kJ/m²). This treatment resulted in a significant reduction of IL-6 and IL-8 amounts in the supernatants. In addition, an inhibition of IL-1β and TNFα production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated PBMC was observed upon PUVA treatment. Accordingly, northern blot analysis showed decreased levels of mRNA encoding for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα in PUVA-treated PBMC. Finally PBMC were obtained from psoriatics undergoing oral photochemotherapy before the beginning and after completion of treatment. The PBMC collected after PUVA spontaneously produced significantly less IL-6 and IL-8 in comparison to the respective samples obtained before therapy. A similar suppression of IL-1β and TNFα by in vivo PUVA was found in LPS-stimulated PBMC. The present data demonstrate that PUVA both in vitro and in vivo suppresses the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα by PBMC. Because these cytokines are important in the mediation of inflammatory reactions, one may speculate that the inhibitory effects could contribute to the antiinflammatory activity of PUVA.     

PHOTOSENSITIZED LYSIS OF RED BLOOD CELLS BY PHOTOTOXIC ANTIMALARIAL COMPOUNDS

A family of 12 phototoxic quinolinemethanol antimalarials and three other non-phototoxic clinically used compounds were irradiated in the presence of red blood cells to determine if the resulting hemolysis would be a reliable predictor of phototoxicity. The most phototoxic compounds from in vivo tests were also the most phototoxic in this study. Quinine caused little RBC lysis, paralleling its non-phototoxicity in humans. The quinolinemethanol-induced photohemolysis occurs both in the presence and absence of oxygen. Enriching the RBC with BHA and cholesterol was particularly effective at protecting the cells from photohemolysis. Other compounds offered some measure of protection, while superoxide dismutase and sodium azide, among others, afforded no protection.     

以C_(70)衍生物为电子受体的高效聚合物固体薄膜太阳能电池

以PC[70]BM(phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester)取代PC[60]BM(phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester)作为电子受体材料,以MEH-PPV(poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene])为电子给体材料,制成了本体异质结(bulk heterojunction,BHJ)聚合物太阳能电池.MEH-PPV/PC[70]BM器件在AM1.5G(80 mW/cm2)模拟太阳光的光照条件下得到了3.42%的能量转换效率,短路电流值达到了6.07 mA/cm2,开路电压0.85 V,填充因子为53%.通过紫外可见吸收光谱和外量子效率的研究,发现PC[70]BM作为电子受体,对扩大光谱的吸收范围和增加活性层的吸收系数有明显的作用.同时比较了不同溶剂对该体系器件性能的影响.通过原子力显微镜(AFM)、光暗导I-V曲线等研究,分析了1,2-二氯苯有利于给体相和受体相的微相分离和载流子的传输的原因.     

燃料电池中氢电极催化剂的研究

燃料电池是借助于电池内的燃烧反应，将化学能直接转为电能的装置，是一种新型的高效化学电源，是除火力、水力、核能之外的第四种发电方式。对燃料电池，性能良好的催化剂至关重要，它决定着大电流密度放电时的电池性能、运行寿命和成本。燃料电池的催化剂应该满足以下条...     

二氧化钛光催化杀灭肿瘤细胞的研究

应用二氧化钛光催化的方法在体外对宫颈癌细胞进行了杀灭试验,结果显示,二氧化钛在光照下对宫颈癌细胞有明显的杀灭作用。当二氧化钛浓度为２００μｇ／ｍｌ,紫外光照时间为５０ｍｉｎ时,其杀灭肿瘤细胞的效果最好。     

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIATION ON PHOTOSENSITIZER UPTAKE BY HL60 CELLS

The capability of human promyelocytic leukemia cells HL60 to be induced to differentiate to various stages along the monocytic or myelocytic pathway was exploited for investigation of the uptake of selected photo-sensitizers by diverse types of cells of the same origin. The results showed that there was no substantial difference in photofrin uptake between noninduced HL60 cells, immature monocytes, immature neutrophils and cells differentiated along the eosinophilic pathway. In contrast, HL60 cells differentiated into macrophages (HL609) exhibited markedly increased photofrin uptake, which was further enhanced by their pretreatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Similar results were obtained with other photosensitizers tested: di-and tetrasulfonated aluminum phthalocyanines (AIPcS₂ and AIPcS₄), tetrasulfonated zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPcS₄), tetraphenylporphine tetrasulfonate (TPPS₄) and benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid (BPD). Despite marked differences in the state of self-aggregation and other chemical properties of these compounds, the degree of their preferential uptake by HL60 PH cells showed very little variation. In a typical experiment, the uptake of these photosensitizers by HL60 PH cells was four to five times higher than the uptake by noninduced HL60 cells. In addition to the fluorometric assay employed in most of the experiments, cellular concentration of AlPcS₄ was determined by measurement of elementary aluminum using atomic absorption spectroscopy.     

PHOTOMIMETIC EFFECT OF SEROTONIN ON YEAST CELLS IRRADIATED BY FAR-UV RADIATION

Abstract— The effect of serotonin on the survival of far-UV irradiated cells of the yeast Candida guillier-mondii was studied. Serotonin was found to have a photomimetic property. Preincubation of cells with serotonin results in protection against far-UV inactivation, whereas the post-radiation treatment with serotonin causes a potentiation of far-UV lethality. Both effects are similar to those produced by near-UV (334 nm) radiation. The observations provide support to the idea advanced by us previously that photosynthesized serotonin is the underlying cause of the two effects of near-UV radiation, photo-protection and potentiation of far-UV lethality. Experiments with an excision-deficient strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggest that the effect of serotonin is by its binding to DNA.     

INHIBITION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN CULTURED TOBACCO CELLS BY ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

Abstract— Ultraviolet (254 nm) irradiation of liquid-cultured tobacco cells strongly and quickly inhibited their ability to incorporate labeled amino acids into protein. An incident dose of only 388 J/m² reduced incorporation to 37 per cent of the original rate. The effect on amino acid incorporation did not seem to depend on inhibition of amino acid uptake, inhibition of the supply of nucleoside triphosphates, or inhibition of the supply of messenger RNA to cytoplasmic ribosomes.     

GENETIC TOXICOLOGY OF THE PHOTOSENSITIZATION OF CHINESE HAMSTER CELLS BY PHTHALOCYANINES

Chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (CAPC) was recently shown to photosensitize cell killing in culture and tumor destruction in vivo. Because this compound is potentially useful in the photodynamic therapy of cancer, its properties as a genotoxic agent were evaluated. Applying the technique of alkaline elution to study DNA integrity, it was found that CAPC could produce single-strand breaks in the DNA of Chinese hamster cells after exposure to white fluorescent light. At equicytotoxic doses, the number of DNA strand breaks produced by CAPC photosensitization was about three times lower than that induced by X-irradiation. During incubation in growth medium after exposure to CAPC-plus-fluorescent light, cells rejoined DNA strand breaks at a rate similar to that observed after X-irradiation. Resistance to 6-thioguanine (6-TG') or to ouabain (OUA') were used as end points of mutagenic potential. Following a treatment that caused -90% cell killing, there was a slight mutagenic effect, i.e. the frequencies were increased by -40% above the background or spontaneous mutations. However, this enhancement was not statistically significant. Taken together, the foregoing, plus an earlier observation that there is no variation in the sensitivity of cells to CAPC + light through the cell cycle, lead to the inferences that DNA damage does not play a major role in cell killing and that the mutagenic potential of this treatment is small.     

THE PHOTOKILLING OF BLADDER CARCINOMA CELLS in vitro BY PHENOTHIAZINE DYES

The potential photodynamic therapy photosensitizers Methylene Blue, Azure C, Methylene Violet, Thionine, Methylene Green, Haematoporphyrin, Nile Blue A, chloroaluminium phthalocyanine and bis-aluminium phthalocyanine were examined for their photoeffects and dark toxicity against a human superficial bladder carcinoma cell-line. By examination of [3H]thymidine uptake into dye-treated cells after irradiation with a copper-vapour pumped dye laser, it was found that Methylene Blue was the most phototoxic and dark toxic of all the dyes tested, suggesting that the dye might be of some use as a topically applied photodrug for use in photodynamic therapy of superficial or early-recurring carcinomas.