Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering for Intelligent Bridge Management Based on Multi-Task Learning and Cross-Task Constraints

In the process of bridge management, large amounts of domain information are accumulated, such as basic attributes, structural defects, technical conditions, etc. However, the valuable information is not fully utilized, resulting in insufficient knowledge service in the field of bridge management. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes a complex knowledge base question answering (C-KBQA) framework for intelligent bridge management based on multi-task learning (MTL) and cross-task constraints (CTC). First, with C-KBQA as the main task, part-of-speech (POS) tagging, topic entity extraction (TEE), and question classification (QC) as auxiliary tasks, an MTL framework is built by sharing encoders and parameters, thereby effectively avoiding the error propagation problem of the pipeline model. Second, cross-task semantic constraints are provided for different subtasks via POS embeddings, entity embeddings, and question-type embeddings. Finally, using template matching, relevant query statements are generated and interaction with the knowledge base is established. The experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms compared mainstream models in terms of TEE and QC on bridge management datasets, and its performance in C-KBQA is outstanding.     

Hierarchical and Complex ZnO Nanostructures by Microwave-Assisted Synthesis: Morphologies,Growth Mechanism and Classification

Zinc Oxide is an important and multi-purpose material in various industries due to its particular chemical and physical properties. Discovering a cheap, fast, clean, safe, and easy to use method, to synthesize this oxide nanoparticle has attracted a lot of attention in recent applications. The unique properties of the microwave and its special heating capabilities have yielded desirable outcomes by combining different synthesis methods. In the recent years, the vast majority of studies focus on the microwave-assisted synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. This review article attempts to go over the recent advancements on the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles with the aid of microwave, different morphologies and applications obtained by this method. Various microwave-assisted synthesis methods are classified, including the solution-based methods such as hydrothermal, sol-gel, and combustion methods. Morphology of the nanoparticles can affect the properties, and subsequently, applications of these nanoparticles. On the other hand, there is great diversity of morphological and synthesis conditions of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Thus, categorizing the synthesis techniques and providing features of them, facilitates the selection of appropriate method for designing new hierarchical structures with potential properties for future applications. Also it is endeavored to focus on the formation mechanisms of these methods. Finally, the various morphologies obtained under microwave radiation and their formation mechanisms are discussed and the effective factors in the synthesis are analyzed and presented. The potential and suitable fields of development and progress in the future studies are also proposed.     

用单块激光器和环形外腔获得稳定的532 nm激光

采用单块半非平面Nd:YAG单频环形激光器和环形外腔倍频技术，获得了单频功率249.5mW的532nm波长的绿光输出，倍频效率43.2%，实现了倍频腔与激光器之间的跟踪锁定，倍频光功率稳定性优于1％，理论计算与实验结果一致。     

低煤级煤生烃与结构演化的耦合机理研究

应用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热解气相色谱(GC)对低煤级煤生烃过程中有机质结构演化进行表征,剖析了人工热演化过程中气态烃产率,解析了煤结构官能团的变化规律,揭示了低煤级煤生烃与结构演化的耦合机理。结果表明：煤热模拟产物主要为气态烃C_1-5,甲烷生成瞬时产率包含四个峰值,低煤级煤化学结构中含氧官能团和烷基侧链随煤化程度的增高以不同的速度发生脱落,随煤级的增加,其芳构化程度增大。分别对煤结构中的脂肪烃甲基、CO基、芳香烃芳核CC和烷烃结构上甲基、亚甲基进行表征。存在420 ℃温度转折点,之前吸收峰强度逐渐减小,之后又略有增大,揭示了低煤级煤三个主要结构演化阶段煤化作用机理,提出了低煤级煤生烃结构演化模式图。     

FTIR光谱结合系统聚类分析鉴别松茸和姬松茸的研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术研究了松茸和姬松茸子实体,结果显示它们的傅里叶变换红外光谱主要由蛋白质和多糖的吸收带组成。对比它们的光谱发现,两者的特征吸收峰频率位置基本一致,只是在峰形上存在一定差异。利用差谱技术发现它们的红外光谱差异主要来自于1750~1000 cm-1范围内。为了快速准确的区分松茸和姬松茸的光谱,选取1750~1000 cm-1范围内的吸收带进行系统聚类分析。结果显示,系统聚类分析能准确的把松茸和姬松茸的光谱各自聚为一类,达到鉴别它们的目的。研究表明,傅里叶变换红外光谱技术结合系统聚类分析可以发展为一种快速鉴别食用菌的方法。     

氢化物发生辅助雾化火焰原子吸收法测定人发中的铅

使用氢化物发生辅助雾化的火焰原子吸收法,在K₃Fe(CN)₆-HCl体系中,测定了头发中铅的含量。对酸度、氧化剂及浓度、NaBH₄的浓度及流速对Pb测定的影响分别进行了研究。与传统雾化火焰原子吸收法相比,本方法测铅的灵敏度提高了13.4倍。方法的检出限为2.8 μg·L-1,精密度(RSD)为1.4%。用于测定人发中的Pb,回收率达96%～99%。     

Fabrication of Periodic Waveguides Using Organic Crystals and Fluorinated Polyimides for Quasi-Phase-Matched Second-Harmonic Generation

We have developed a new method to fabricate periodic waveguide structures used for quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation, where nonlinear optical organic crystals and fluorinated copolyimides are alternately arranged. Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation from an organic waveguide device has been demonstrated.     

Optical Microwave and Millimeter Generation by Using Birefringent Fiber FP Cavity with Pulse Laser Injection

A novel optical microwave and millimeter generation by using single mode fiber FP cavity (SMFFPC) with pulse laser injection is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The frequency of output signal is determined by the birefringence degree of the SMFFPC, a general relationship between output signal frequency of SMFFPC and birefringence degree of single mode fiber is derived. The proof of concept device consists of a light source, a polarizer controller, a modulator, a RF generator, a single mode fiber Fabry-Perot cavity, a strain inspector, an erbium doped fiber amplifier, a filter, a polarizer, and a digital communication analyzer. The results demonstrate the new concept of optical microwave and millimeter generation and the technical feasibility.     

Enhancement of High-Order Harmonic Emission and Isolated 7-as Pulse Generation with Rydberg Atoms by Using a Two-Color Laser Field

An efficient method to enhance the harmonic efficiency and generate an isolated attosecond pulse is proposed by preparing the initial state as a coherent superposition of the ground state and a Rydberg state in a two-color laser field. By numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we found that for the superposition state with the optimal Rydberg state, not only is the harmonic efficiency enhanced significantly, but also the width of the continuous spectrum is extended. The ionization probability and the time-frequency distribution of the harmonic spectrum are also calculated to understand the physical origin of the enhancement of the harmonic spectrum. In addition, by adjusting the parameter of the laser pulse, a supercontinuum with both higher conversion efficiency and slighter modulation can be observed. As a result, an isolated 7-as pulse with a bandwidth of 495 eV can be obtained after phase compensation.