Coherent scattering of an atom in the field of a standing wave under conditions of initial quantum correlation of subsystems

Coherent scattering of a two-level atom in the field of a quantized standing wave of a micromaser is considered under conditions of initial quantum correlation between the atom and the field. Such a correlation can be produced by a broadband parametric source. The interaction leading to scattering of the atom from the nonuniform field occurs in the dispersion limit or in the wing of the absorption line of the atom. Apart from the quantized field, the atom simultaneously interacts with two classical counterpropagating waves with different frequencies, which are acting in the plane perpendicular to the atom’s propagation velocity and to the wavevector of the standing wave. Joint action of the quantized field and two classical waves induces effective two-photon and Raman resonance interaction on the working transition. The effective Hamiltonian of the interaction is derived using the unitary transformation method developed for a moving atom. A strong effect is detected, which makes it possible to distinguish the correlated initial state of the atom and the field in the scattering of atom from the state of independent systems. For all three waves, scattering is not observed when systems with quantum correlation are prepared using a high-intensity parametric source. Conversely, when the atom interacts only with the nonuniform field of the standing wave, scattering is not observed in the case of the initial factorized state.     

Quantized fields propagating in plane-wave spacetimes

This paper contains an account of the interaction of a quantized massive scalar field with the classicalc number gravitational field of a plane sandwich wave of arbitrary profile and polarization. It is shown that the time varying gravitational field of the wave produces no particles and the Feynman propagator for the problem is calculated exactly. This is used to show that any reasonable regularization of the vacuum expectation value of the energy momentum tensor of the field must vanish. This means that a gravitational wave far from its source will propagate without hindrance by quantum effects.     

Green's electron function in a quantized plane wave field

It is shown that the Green's function of an electron that interacts with a quantized plane wave can be expressed in terms of the corresponding Green's function of a scalar particle. By using the known expression for the Green's function of a scalar particle, an integral representation is found with respect to the intrinsic time for the Green's electron function in a quantized plane wave of arbitrary form.     

Green's function for a system consisting of a charged particle and a quantized plane wave

An integral representation in terms of the intrinsic time is obtained for Green's function of a system consisting of a charged spinless particle intersecting with the field of a quantized plane wave.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 54–58, August, 1978.     

Electron in the field of a plane quantized monochromatic electromagnetic wave

An exact solution of the Dirac equation is found for an electron moving in the field of a plane quantized monochromatic electromagnetic wave of arbitrary polarization.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 55–58, August, 1973.     

Relationship between the average number of photons and the quasiphoton occupation numbers in a system consisting of a charge plus the field of a quantized plane electromagnetic wave

The relationship between the average number of photons and the quasiphoton occupation numbers is found for a system consisting of a charge plus the field of a quantized plane electromagnetic wave. The exact expression which is derived is analyzed in various approximations.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 6, pp. 54–59, June, 1989.     

An electron in a quantized plane wave and in a constant magnetic field

The Dirac equation is considered for an electron in a constant homogeneous magnetic field and in a quantized electromagnetic plane wave propagating along the direction of the former. This problem is shown to be reduced to the Schrödinger equation for a system of many interacting oscillators. The corresponding Hamiltonian is diagonalized. An equation is established relating the total energy with the moment of a system along the magnetic field. Approximate solutions of this equation are given. A behaviour of a system close to cyclotron resonance is discussed.     

Path integral treatment for relativistic particles in external fields and quantized plane wave

The dynamics of relativistic particles of spin 0 and 1/2, interacting with an external electromagnetic field and a quantized plane wave, is studied using the path integral framework. We take advantage of the existing properties of the interaction to introduce a delta functional in order to calculate Green's functions. This simply reduces the problem to two coupled oscillators. The energy spectrum and wave functions are calculated for the spin 0 case and the analogy with Jaynes‐Cummings model is made to derive the energy spectrum for the spin 1/2 case.     

带状注行波管E面和H面宽带耦合器

设计和分析了应用于W波段带状注行波管的E面多孔输入输出耦合器和H面多孔输入输出耦合器。研究表明,采用多孔耦合,不仅可以实现电磁场与电子注的汇聚和分离,还可以实现极宽工作带宽。HFSS仿真分析结果表明:E面多孔定向耦合器1dB相对带宽达43GHz,且隔离度优于20dB的相对带宽达到40GHz;H面定向耦合器在E面耦合器的10个耦合孔数的基础上,通过增加2个耦合孔数,1dB相对带宽提升到30GHz,且隔离度大于15dB的相对带宽达到32GHz。两种新型耦合器在极宽的工作带宽内实现低反射、高隔离的性能。与E面耦合器相比,H面耦合器易于加工和利于与周期永久磁体的封装集成。     

Separation of variables in the Klein-Gordon quation for superposition of a quantized and a classical field

A study is made of the problem of separation of variables in the Klein-Gordon equation for fields that are a superposition of a classical field and the field of a quantized plane wave. Six types of fields are found for which the Klein-Gordon equation reduces to a specific equation, the operators of creation and annihilation occurring quadratically in this equation.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 1, pp. 23–27, January, 1976.     

Der Einfluß der Dipolwechselwirkung auf die Magnetisierung dünner ferromagnetischer Schichten

The magnetization of thin films is calculated for low temperatures, taking into account the exchange interaction, an external magnetic field, and the dipole interaction. The calculations are performed within a quantized phenomenological spin wave theory. For thin enough films, within the temperature range considered, only the lowest spin wave band contributes to the decrease of the magnetization. The influence of the dipole interaction is as follows: The magnetization decreases less rapidly with growing temperature than predicted by calculations within the Heisenberg model; the decrease depends considerably on the angle between the magnetization and the film plane; even atT=0K there is a small increase of the magnetization with growing external field.     

Electron in the field of a classical and a quantized plane wave traveling in the same direction

The Dirac equation is solved exactly for an electron interacting with a quantized and a classical plane wave traveling in the same direction. It is shown that in a certain sense the system can be regarded as consisting of noninteracting quasiparticles.     

Comment on "Quantum processes in the field of a two-frequency circularly polarized plane electromagnetic wave"

We show that there is a mistake in the results recently published by An Yu and H. Takahashi [Phys. Rev. E 57, 2276 (1998)] for the probabilities of a photon emission by an electron and a pair production by a photon in the field of a two-frequency plane electromagnetic wave. In this paper we present the corrected expression for the probability of a photon emission which contains terms missed by Yu and Takahashi. We argue also that the effect of presence of the waves with combination frequencies in the external field proposed by the authors of the paper [Phys. Rev. E 57, 2276 (1998)] has no physical basis.     

Scattering of E and H polarized waves from covered cylindrical structures

A modification of the method of discrete sources (MMDS) is applied for solving 2D scattering problems by metal (or dielectric) cylindrical structure covered with a dielectric layer. The scattering of E (or H) polarized incident plane and cylindrical wave was considered. The problems of accuracy, choosing auxiliary contours and impedance approximation in scattering problem are discussed.     

高Q腔中原子内态布居对原子平移运动的影响

基于原子作双光子共振跃迁的原子－场缀饰态，讨论了驻波腔场中两能级原子的量子化平移运动与原子内态布居间的相互影响，结果表明原子平移运动敏感地依赖于原子的内态布居，特别当原子处于两内态等权重同相位叠加态时，平移运动呈现出很稳定的特征。     

Stochastic electrodynamics. I. On the stochastic zero-point field

This is the first in a series of papers that present a new classical statistical treatment of the system of a charged harmonic oscillator (HO) immersed in an omnipresent stochastic zero-point (ZP) electromagnetic radiation field. This paper establishes the Gaussian statistical properties of this ZP field using Bourret's postulate that all statistical moments of the stochastic field plane waves at a given space-time point should agree with their corresponding quantized field vacuum expectations. This postulate is more than adequate to derive the Planck spectrum classically via Boyer's and Theimer's methods, but it requires that the stochastic amplitude of each linearly polarized plane wave in the field contain two independent Gaussian random variables, not just a random phase as has sometimes been assumed. In the succeeding papers in the series, the total motion of a charged HO is described by a fully renormalized dipole-approximation Abraham-Lorentz equation. This leads without further approximation to the following major results concerning this stochastic electrodynamics (SED) of the HO: i) The ensemble-average Liouville equation for the oscillator-ZP field system in the presence of an arbitrary applied classical radiation field is exactly equivalent to the usual time-dependent Schrödinger equation supplemented by an explicit radiation reaction vector potential similar to that of the Crisp-Jaynes-Stroud theory; ii) this SED Schrödinger equation for the HO is incomplete, insmuch as there exists a companion equation that restricts initial conditions such that the corresponding Wigner phase-space distribution is always positive; iii) the wave function of the SED Schrödinger equation has thea priori significance of position probability amplitude; iv) first-order transition rates predicted for the HO by this theory agree with those predicted by quantum electrodynamics for resonance absorption and spontaneous emission, which occurs with no triggering necessary; and v) if SED is taken seriously, then the concepts of quantized energies and photons must be abandoned.     

Characteristic features of exact solutions of the problem of an electron in the quantized field of a plane wave

The physical and mathematical features of exact solutions of the problem of an electron moving in the field of a quantized, plane electromagnetic wave [1–4] are investigated. In particular, the problem of constructing solutions for all values of the total energy of the system is solved. A new interpretation is given to the limiting approach to Volkov solutions [5, 6]. The completeness and orthogonality of the solutions are proven in the reference plane formalism. The notation of [4] is used in this paper.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 7–14, March, 1977.     

Resonant Interaction between Atom and Large Period Quantized StandingLight Wave in a Quantized Trap

Thecollapeeandrevivalphenomenonresultingfromdiscretenatureoflightfieldisimportantinquantumoptics.ltreflectsdirectlythequantumproPertiesoflight.Withthedcyelopmentoflasercoolingandtrappingtechnique,atomscanbecoolledtoverylowtemPerature.therefore,thecenter-of-massofatommustbetreatedwithquantization['].Ithasbeenshownthatthereexiststhecollapseandrevivalphenomenoninaquantizedtrap[2'3]anditoriginatesfromdiscretenatureofthevibrationaltrapstates.NonclassicalstatessuchasFockstate[4Jandsqueezedstate[5-…     

Quantum magnetic flux through helical molecules in optically active media

After study of an electron moving in a loop of wire in an uniform external magnetic field with its velocity vector perpendicular to the field and quantization of the angular momentum of the moving electron in the equilibrium state, we find the quantum magnetic flux through the solenoids or loops of wire, like the quantum magnetic flux trapped in hollow superconducting cylinders. Optically active media have the helical molecular structure, which acts as the natural micro-solenoid for the electromagnetic waves passing through them. Applying the result of the quantized magnetic field in the propagation direction induced by helical molecules, we find that optic activity is the natural Faraday effect, when the optical rotation of a plane-polarized wave through an optically active medium is caused by the quantized magnetic field induced by the incident light, which has been confirmed by the experimental observations on α-quartz. Through measurements of the rotatory power and the Verdet constant of an optically active substance, we can determine the quantized magnetic field. PACS 03.70.+k; 33.55.Ad; 74.25.Ha; 78.20.Ek; 78.20.Ls     

A Generally Covariant Wave Equation for Grand Unified Field Theory

A generally covariant wave equation is derived geometrically for grand unified field theory. The equation states most generally that the covariant d'Alembertian acting on the vielbein vanishes for the four fields which are thought to exist in nature: gravitation, electromagnetism, weak field and strong field. The various known field equations are derived from the wave equation when the vielbein is the eigenfunction. When the wave equation is applied to gravitation the wave equation is the eigenequation of wave mechanics corresponding to Einstein's field equation in classical mechanics, the vielbein eigenfunction playing the role of the quantized gravitational field. The three Newton laws, Newton's law of universal gravitation, and the Poisson equation are recovered in the classical and nonrelativistic, weak-field limits of the quantized gravitational field. The single particle wave-equation and Klein-Gordon equations are recovered in the relativistic, weak-field limit of the wave equation when scalar components are considered of the vielbein eigenfunction of the quantized gravitational field. The Schrödinger equation is recovered in the non-relativistec, weak-field limit of the Klein-Gordon equation). The Dirac equation is recovered in this weak-field limit of the quantized gravitational field (the nonrelativistic limit of the relativistic, quantezed gravitational field when the vielbein plays the role of the spinor. The wave and field equations of O(3) electrodynamics are recovered when the vielbein becomes the relativistic dreibein (triad) eigenfunction whose three orthonormal space indices become identified with the three complex circular indices (1), (2), (3), and whose four spacetime indices are the indices of non-Euclidean spacetime (the base manifold). This dreibein is the potential dreibein of the O(3) electromagnetic field (an electromagnetic potential four-vector for each index (1), (2), (3)). The wave equation of the parity violating weak field is recovered when the orthonormal space indices of the relativistic dreibein eigenfunction are identified with the indices of the three massive weak field bosons. The wave equation of the strong field is recovered when the orthonormal space indices of the relativistic vielbein eigenfunction become the eight indices defined by the group generators of the SU (3) group.