The deflected angle and reflected displacement of Airy beams

The deflected angle of airy beams is defined to describe their bending degree. Based on this parameter, we analyze the lateral displacement of airy beams and the changes of deflected angles during reflection process. In multi-reflections of airy beams, we find that deflected angles increase linearly with the times of reflection, which is useful to study the propagation properties of airy beam in parallel plate waveguides and other waveguides. Also we can use this parameter to control the incident and reflected routes to realize airy beam bypassing obstacles and reflecting back at predictable location.     

Frequency separation of surface acoustic waves in layered structures with acoustic metamaterials

We show theoretically that in elastic layered structures containing an upper layer of smoothly varied thickness and a substrate of a highly dispersive metametarial it is possible to significantly enhance spatial frequency separation of surface acoustic waves. Theory of Love surface acoustic waves propagation in waveguides with varied thickness, taking into account mutual modes coupling, is built. Appropriate structure of metamatererial with resonant frequency dependence of material parameters, making frequency separation effective, is provided. Efficiency of spatial frequency separation and modes coupling is calculated for various metamaterial parameters and wave frequencies.     

Influence of planar cracks in plates on reflected and transmitted fields of Gaussian acoustic beams

The scattering of a Gaussian beam by a rectangular crack is studied by means of the radiation mode model. The orthogonal set of modes for a L/S/V structure is derived, and a general mode decomposition formula is developed. The influence of a crack on the reflected and transmitted fields of a bounded beam, incident at critical angles of the L/S/L- and the L/S/V structure, is studied and physical interpretations are given. From those interpretations, the starting point of the crack is deduced along with the length and distance to the surface. Effects on focused beams are considered as well.     

Damping in beams and plates due to slipping at the support boundaries

Dry friction damping due to axial sliding surfaces normal to the principal lateral direction of structural motion is studied. Primary emphasis is on sufficiently large motion that slipping occurs throughout a cycle. Beams with arbitrary support conditions and vibrating in an arbitrary mode are considered; also a pinned-pinned rectangular plate is studied. In all cases, a simple explicit formula is obtained for an equivalent, linear, viscous critical damping ratio.     

含有孔隙的层状材料中声表面波传播特性的理论研究

研究含有孔隙的层状材料中Rayleigh波的传播特性。采用本征函数展开法,并利用孔隙率与材料的弹性常数和密度之间的关系,模拟了不同孔隙率情况下铁基氧化铝层状材料中Rayleigh波的相速度色散曲线,分析了孔隙率对铁基氧化铝层状材料中Rayleigh波相速度的影响。Rayleigh波色散曲线的变化规律能同时反映层状材料中弹性模量、泊松比、密度和孔隙率的信息,为含有孔隙的层状材料参数的反演提供了理论依据。     

Y旋转切割石英基片上的准纵漏表面声波

在理论和实验上对Y旋转切割石英基片上的准纵漏表面声波(快速声表面波)的传播特性作了比较全面的研究。准纵漏表面声波的相速度可以达到6200m/s~7100m/s,是常规声表面波相速度的两倍,接近纵波速度。理论计算和实验结果均表明:在Y旋转切割石英基片的某些传播方向上,准纵漏表面声波的束偏向角和延迟温度系数均较小。例如,沿欧拉角(0°,155.25°,42°)方向的准纵漏表面声波的相速度和延迟温度系数的实验测量值分别为6201m/s和12.9 ppm/℃。实验还表明,放置于基片表面的液体对准纵漏表面声波的吸收不大,说明此种声波质点振动集中在传播方向(沿表面方向),具有纵波的性质。     

Focusing of electrons reflected from layered crystal

The mechanism of the formation of the diffraction patterns upon inelastic reflection of mean-energy electrons from the VSe₂(0001) layered crystal has been investigated. It is found that the strong scattering of electrons by short atomic chains of the Se-V-Se layer triads leads to the weakening of electron focusing and the enhancement of diffraction scattering in deeper layers, which gives rise to the Kikuchi lines. It is demonstrated that, at an energy of 2 keV, the diffraction pattern is adequately described by the cluster model of single scattering. The atomic structure of thin near-the-surface layer of VSe₂ has been investigated by the computer simulation of experimental data.     

Tunneling spectra at terrace boundaries on the bismuth surface

The scanning tunneling spectra of the trigonal bismuth surface are measured in the vicinity of the boundaries of terraces with a diatomic height. It is found that the tunneling spectrum of the planar surface begins to transform at a distance of 2–3 nm from the terrace boundaries, specific features that are characteristic of the planar surface far from the terrace boundaries disappear, and new peaks in the density of states are observed. An analysis of the behavior of the current-voltage characteristics has revealed that one-dimensional electronic systems with a width of the order of an interatomic distance with their own individual spectra are formed at the ends of the rows of the atomic planes.     

钽酸镓镧与石英声表面波传播特性对比研究

钽酸镓镧(LGT)是近年研制出的新型压电材料。计算了这种材料在不同切向和传播方向的声表面波传播特性,并和石英晶体上相应切向和传播方向的声表面波传播特性进行了对比分析。计算结果表明这种材料的声表面波传播速度一般比石英低1000 m/s左右,和石英一样,具有零温度切向和纯模方向,但它的机电耦合系数K²却远高于石英。还对目前报道的LGT的不同材料常数进行了对比计算,计算结果表明不同材料常数的声表面波传播特性有明显的差异,其中以频率温度系数差异最大。     

Net lateral shift of reflected beam due to surface plasmon resonance in Kretschmann configuration

When surface plasmon resonance is excited in Kretschmann configuration, the maximum Goos–Hänchen shift occurs at the resonant angle which is associated with the minimum value of reflectivity, but the maximum angular shift occurs at two incident angles beside the resonant angle. When the reflected beam is detected at Rayleigh range, the maximum net lateral shift of the reflected beam does not encounter the resonant angle and its magnitude is lager than that of Goos–Hänchen shift. Numerical simulation shows that theory agrees well with numerical results when the beam width is large enough.     

Energy distribution of reflected ions at normal incidence on the target surface

Summary The energy distribution of reflected ions at normal incidence of the primary beam on the target surface is obtained as a result of approximate solution of the Boltzmann equation by the method of discrete streams. This method gives the opportunity to avoid the problem of negative distribution function, arising in the generally applied method of spherical harmonics, and to present the final result in analytical form. The analysis is performed for a power scattering cross-section and the theoretical energy distribution demonstrates one maximum when the ion mass is equal to the mass of a target atom, and two maxima when the ion mass is much less than the mass of a target atom.     

Modification of the surface state of rough substrates by two different varnishes and influence on the reflected light

Modification of the visual appearance when a rough surface is covered by a varnish is mostly attributed to the levelling of the substrate surface, which depends on the molecular weight of the varnish. The topography of varnished surfaces, however, has never been measured directly. Surfaces of varnishes applied over glass substrates of varying roughness were studied, therefore, using mechanical profilometry. Two different varnishes made with a low and a high molecular weight resin were studied. Both varnishes lower the r.m.s. roughness of the substrates and filter the high spatial frequencies. These results are amplified for the varnish containing the low molecular weight resin. The light reflected by the varnished samples is modelled from these topographical data. Its angular distribution, calculated from the probability density of slopes is presented, taking into account separately the air/varnish and the varnish/substrate interfaces. These analyses are presented in a back-scattering configuration. They show that varnishing significantly reduces the angular width of the reflected light and that this effect is magnified for the low molecular weight resin. Modelling furthermore shows that the influence of the roughness of the varnish/substrate interface is negligible in the total reflected light.     

Energy spectra of electrons reflected from layered targets

Here we consider backscattering of electrons with an initial energy from 10 keV to several MeV by plane-parallel sandwich targets. Using invariance principles, we obtain a formula describing the changes in the energy spectra of electrons reflected into a given solid angle. These changes occur with increasing thickness of films of different materials on substrates of finite and infinite thickness. We present methods for calculating the reflection and transmission function used in the above calculation. Repeating this method for each layer gives the spectra of electrons backscattered by multilayer targets. Comparison with experimental data shows that the theory developed adequately describes the process of electron backscattering. Our results indicate that the spectroscopy of nonelastically reflected electrons could be very useful forin situ nondestructive express analysis of depth profiles of multicomponent materials.     

拉盖尔-高斯光束在界面反射和折射的质心偏移特性研究

在圆柱坐标系中研究了傍轴线偏振拉盖尔-高斯光束在两种各向同性介质界面反射和折射后光强质心的偏移. 基于菲涅耳近似和泰勒级数展开,分别得到了部分反射和全反射两种情形下,质心的横向偏移和纵向偏移与光束拓扑荷的解析关系式. 研究表明,部分反射时,反射和折射光束的横向偏移的大小与光束的拓扑荷成正比,方向由拓扑荷的符号决定;而纵向偏移仅仅大小与光束的拓扑荷有关. 全反射时,反射光束质心偏移不受拓扑荷影响. 通过数值模拟验证了解析结果的正确性,并得到了解析公式的适用条件. 拉盖尔-高斯光束的质心偏移特性可应用于测量光 关键词： 拉盖尔-高斯光束 横向偏移 纵向偏移 拓扑荷     

The characteristics of surface acoustic waves on AlN/LiNbO3 substrates

The characteristics of surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) devices on various substrates were measured by a network analyzer in the temperature range from 0 to 80 °C. Based on the structure of IDT/AlN/LiNbO₃, it was revealed that the magnitude of the temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of a SAW on a LiNbO₃ substrate was significantly decreased due to the thickness increase of AlN thin film deposited on the LiNbO₃ substrate. The TCF of a SAW on an AlN/LiNbO₃ device was measured to be about -51 ppm/°C at h/λ=0.1, where h is the thickness of the AlN film and λ is the wavelength of the SAW. This indicates that the deposition of an AlN film on a LiNbO₃ substrate could improve the temperature stability, as compared with that of a SAW on a LiNbO₃ substrate (-73 ppm/°C). The SAW device on the ST-X quartz is shown to have a positive TCF as the AlN thin film is deposited on the surface of the ST-X quartz. In addition, the phase velocity (V_p) of the SAW on an AlN/LiNbO₃ substrate was significantly increased by the increase of AlN thickness (h/λ). Received: 14 October 2002 / Accepted: 15 October 2002 / Published online: 29 January 2003 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +886-7/525-4199, E-mail: ycc@ee.nsysu.edu.tw     

Quasi-steady-state surface acoustic waves at a rough solid surface

Sound propagation along an inhomogeneous solid-vacuum interface is considered. The frequency-wavenumber relation has been obtained for the transverse-polarized surface wave and the range of existence of this wave has been analyzed. The surface roughness is shown to produce additional damping.     

Observation of large positive and negative lateral shifts of a reflected beam from symmetrical metal-cladding waveguides

Both large positive and negative lateral shifts were observed for the reflected light beam on a symmetrical metal-cladding waveguide. The positive and negative shifts approach about 480 and 180 microm, respectively, which to our knowledge are the largest experimental results ever reported. The experiment also proves that the positive or the negative shift depends on sign of the difference between the intrinsic and radiative damping.