Interpretation of charging and discharging currents in NaCl by electrode polarization

The current flowing through the Pt/NaCl interface was interpreted as a superposition of charge transfer current and displacement current charging the nonlinear capacity of the interface. Experimentally found values of the capacity and conductivity were employed for constructing a simplified equivalent circuit of the NaCl crystal in contact with Pt electrodes. Experimentally observed charging and discharging currents are presented and compared with numerically calculated ones for the considered nonlinear circuits.     

Some consequences of the superposition of anomalous charging and discharging currents in dielectrics

An analysis of the time dependence of the anomalous discharging current, which flows through a dielectric after it has been charged for a finite period of time, is carried out. The validity of thet ^–n law for the anomalous charging current is assumed in the time interval under consideration, i.e. in times shorter than the mean relaxation time. It is shown that the shape of the log (anomalous discharging current) — log (time) curve for a charging periodt _c in this case is similar to that of the log (anomalous discharging current) — log (time) curve obtained after the infinite charging, if the mean relaxation time is neart _c . This fact may lead to a false interpretation of the experimental results. Corrections for the determination of the true magnitude and slope of the time dependent anomalous discharging current are given in the case of finite charging periods of time.     

Investigation of charging/discharging phenomena in nano-crystal memories

In this work we will give a detailed account of the charging/discharging phenomena occurring in semiconductor nano-crystal memories. Memory transfer characteristics and write/ erase transient characteristics are studied for devices with different technological parameters. Experimental results are explained by means of a semi-classical model, based on a modified current continuity approach. This model depicts the effect of the tunnel/top dielectric thickness, dot recovered area and programming voltage on the device performance.     

Hysteretic galvano-mechanical effect on charging and discharging ionistor structures

The size of an ionistor capacitor structure is found to change during its charging and discharging. The specific feature of this effect that distinguishes it from other known effects of changing sizes under electric and magnetic fields (the piezoelectric effect and striction) is the complete hysteresis; i.e., the size reached under the exposure remains unchanged after the field is turned off.     

Highly efficient charging and discharging of three-level quantum batteries through shortcuts to adiabaticity

Quantum batteries are energy storage devices that satisfy quantum mechanical principles. How to improve the battery’s performance such as stored energy and power is a crucial element in the quantum battery. Here, we investigate the charging and discharging dynamics of a three-level counterdiabatic stimulated Raman adiabatic passage quantum battery via shortcuts to adiabaticity, which can compensate for undesired transitions to realize a fast adiabatic evolution through the application of an additional control field to an initial Hamiltonian. The scheme can significantly speed up the charging and discharging processes of a three-level quantum battery and obtain more stored energy and higher power compared with the original stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. We explore the effect of both the amplitude and the delay time of driving fields on the performances of the quantum battery. Possible experimental implementation in superconducting circuit and nitrogen–vacancy center is also discussed.     

Enhancement of charging and discharging rates in a latent heat storage system by use of PCM with different melting temperatures

A latent heat storage module with rapid charging and discharging rates has been developed. The heat storage module consisted of horizontal cylindrical capsules filled with three types of PCM with different melting temperatures. A numerical model has been developed to predict the transient behavior of the heat storage module. Both the experimental and numerical results showed some improvements in charging and discharging rates by use of a “three-type” PCM     

Optical spectroscopy of surface states on NaCl and KCl crystals and its relation to contact charging

Energy positions of the highest occupied surface state levels on air-cleaved, unexcited NaCl and KCl crystals have been estimated by Photo Charging Spectroscopy. Correlations with contact charging observations have been found.     

On local and global currents in mesoscopic conductors

Using linear response theory we show that, in a quasi-stationary state, the local multiprobe conductance of a mesoscopic system of non-interacting electrons with a time reversal invariant Hamiltonian does not depend on the local shape of the driving self-consistent potential and thus is entirely determined by the asymptotic values of the potential in the leads. In the ballistic limit, the local conductance in the lateral direction exhibits oscillations depending on the occupation of channels. Scattering by a point impurity leads to softening of the quantized global conductance steps. In addition to that for an attractive scattering potential, a dip occurs in each plateau regime the shape of which is calculated for different values of the potential strength. We also investigate the local conductance for both a point scatterer and a finite scattering region.     

On relaxation phenomena in filamentary NaCl crystals

The internal friction and reversible creep of filamentary sodium chloride crystals are investigated. An internal friction peak, associated with the reorientation of the impurity-vacancy complexes in an elastic field is detected. The activation energy of the process is determined. The correlation between the internal friction level and the size of the filamentary crystal, as well as its electric charge, are established. The relaxation time of the reversible creep of filamentary crystals in a 10 kV/cm electrical field is estimated.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 4, pp. 101–104, April, 1973.     

On neutral currents in two-Z-boson gauge models

A systematic procedure is considered for the phenomenological analysis of neutral current interactions in an arbitrary two-Z-boson gauge model by means of a general neutral current effective Lagrangian. Expressions for two gauge boson masses and their mixing angle have been obtained directly through the effective Lagrangian parameters. A general classification of possible types of two-Z-boson gauge models is presented in accordance with the form of the effective Lagrangian.     

On the currents in the strait of Messina

Summary In order to check the tidal currents in the Messina Strait, recent measurements made by Istituto Idrografico della Marina, Genova, are discussed. The classical measurement of Vercelli (1922–23) are confirmed.

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Riassunto Si studiano, con dati recenti raccolti dall'Istituto Idrografico della Marina, Genova, le correnti mareali nello Stretto di Messina. I dati classici di Vercelli sono confermati.

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Резуме Чтобы проверитщ наличие приливных потоков в Мессинском проливе, проводится исследование недавних измерений, выполненных Гидрографическим Институом Морч в Генуе. ПодтверЗдаются классические данные Верчелли (1922–1923).

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The work is supported by a grant from CNR, Progetto Finalizzato Oceanografia.     

On local one-particle approximations and locally conserved currents

Local one-particle approximations are constructed for matrix elements of two local field operators. If one of the fields is a locally conserved current the approximation is extended in such a way that both locality and current conservation are valid in the approximation.     

On local one-particle approximations and locally conserved currents II

As an extension of earlier work a local one-particle approximation is constructed for matrix elements of two four vector currents. The approximation is constructed to fulfill a divergence condition which makes sure, that current conservation is not destroyed by the approximation.Supported in part by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission under Contract AT (30-1)-3829.     

赝火花放电产生的异常加速高能粒子

 在赝火花放电过程中观察到异常加速的高能粒子，利用分析磁铁证实了这一物理现象。对照超快激光打靶产生的数百MeV量级的脉冲离子束，以及类星体涡旋结构产生超高能准直宇宙射线等现象，作者提出用涡旋动力学产生的挠场轴向加速来解释这些发生在不同物质运动层次的异常加速现象。阐述了集体场或尾场加速理论在解释这种理论时的不足之处。     

On the mechanism which produces transient currents in a betatron

For finding means of increasing the intensity of the accelerated electron beam in a betatron, it is worthwhile to study the feasibility of capturing the transient current into the acceleration mode. Such a study involves the mechanism which produces the transient current. In the mechanism analyzed here it is the resonant attenuation of electron oscillation amplitudes at an inhomogeneity in the azimuthal space-charge density distribution due to the electron beam emitted from the gun which gives rise to a transient current.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikn Uchebnykh Zavedenii Fizika, No. 7, pp. 83–90, July, 1971.     

On the influence of coloration on the intrinsic luminescence in NaCl

The dependence of quenching of the π and σ intrinsic luminescence in pure and doped NaCl crystals has been studied as a function of irradiation time near LNT. Three stages in the luminescence quenching have been found. The first stage is very dependent on impurities concentration and is inhibited for high concentration.     

On the question of Bi(III) complexes in NaCl

The absorption of trivalent bismuth in solutions of sodium chloride of different concentrations was studied. The absorption bands were ascribed to complexes of bismuth with chlorine. The agreement between absorption bands in NaCl and KCl crystals doped with bismuth and in sufficiently concentrated solutions shows that bismuth in these crystals forms an octahedral complex with six neighbouring chlorine ions.