A non-nice extreme operator

We give examples of an Eberlein-compact spaceX such that, ifS _x is the unit ball ofC(X)* with thew*-topology then the operatorT: C(X)→C(S _x ) defined byTf(μ) = μ(f), f ∈(X), μ ∈ S _x , is a non-nice extreme operator.     

On the extension of Hölder maps with values in spaces of continuous functions

We study the isometric extension problem for Hölder maps from subsets of any Banach space intoc ₀ or into a space of continuous functions. For a Banach spaceX, we prove that anyα-Hölder map, with 0<α ≤1, from a subset ofX intoc ₀ can be isometrically extended toX if and only ifX is finite dimensional. For a finite dimensional normed spaceX and for a compact metric spaceK, we prove that the set ofα’s for which allα-Hölder maps from a subset ofX intoC(K) can be extended isometrically is either (0, 1] or (0, 1) and we give examples of both occurrences. We also prove that for any metric spaceX, the above described set ofα’s does not depend onK, but only on finiteness ofK.     

Injective Banach spaces of typeC(T)

A Banach spaceX is aP _λ-space if wheneverX is isometrically embedded in another Banach spaceY there is a projection ofY ontoX with norm at most λ.C(T) denotes the Banach space of continuous real-valued functions on the compact Hausdorff spaceT. T satisfies the countable chain condition (CCC) if every family of disjoint non-empty open sets inT is countable.T is extremally disconnected if the closure of every open set inT is open. The main result is that ifT satisfies the CCC andC(T) is aP _λ-space, thenT is the union of an open dense extremally disconnected subset and a complementary closed setT _Asuch thatC(T_A) is aP _λ?1-space.     

Affine functions on simplexes and extreme operators

IfK a simplex andX a Banach space thenA(K, X) denotes the space of affine continuous functions fromK toX with the supremum norm. The extreme points of the closed unit ball ofA(K, X) are characterized,X being supposed to satisfy certain conditions. This characterization is used to investigate the extreme compact operators from a Banach spaceX to the spaceA(K)=A(K, (− ∞, ∞)). This note is part of the author’s Ph.D. thesis prepared at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem under the supervision of Prof. A. Dvoretzky and Dr. J. Lindenstrauss. The author wishes to thank them for their helpful advice and kind encouragement.     

Densely two-valued metric projections in uniformly convex Banach spaces

For every uniformly convex Banach spaceX with dimX2 there is a residual setU in the Hausdorff metric spaceB(X) of bounded and closed sets inX such that the metric projection generated by a set fromU is two-valued and upper semicontinuous on a dense and everywhere continual subset ofX. For any two closed and separated subsetsM ₁ andM ₂ ofX the points on the equidistant hypersurface which have best approximations both inM ₁ andM ₂ form a dense G set in the induced topology.The author is partially supported by the National Fund for Scientific Research at the Bulgarian Ministry of Science and Education under contract MM 408/94.     

Characterizingω 1 and the long line by their topological elementary reflections

Given a topological space 〈X, T〉 ∈M, an elementary submodel of set theory, we defineX _Mto beX ∩M with the topology generated by {U ∩M : U ∈T ∩M}. We prove that it is undecidable whetherX _Mhomeomorphic toω ₁ impliesX =X _M,yet it is true in ZFC that ifX _Mis homeomorphic to the long line, thenX =X _M.The former result generalizes to other cardinals of uncountable confinality while the latter generalizes to connected, locally compact, locally hereditarily LindelöfT ₂ spaces.     

Vanishing theorem for sheaves of microfunctions at the boundary on cr–manifolds

Let X be a complex analytic manifold. Consider S?M?Xreal analytic submonifolds with codium ^R _MS=1,and let ω be a connected component of M\S. Let p∈S X_MT_M ^*X where T^* _Xdenotes the conormal bundle to M in X, and denote by ν(p) the complex radial Euler field at p. Denote by μ*(Ox) (for * = M, ω) the microlocalization of the sheaf of holomorphic functions along *.

Under the assumption dim^R(T_pT_M ^*X? ν(p)) = 1, a theorem of vanishing for the cohomology groups H^jμM(Ox)p is proved in [K-S 1, Prop. 11.3.1], j being related to the number of positive and negative eigenvalue for the Levi form of M.

Under the hypothesis dim^R(T_pT_S ^*X∩ν(p))=1, a similar result is proved here for the cohomology groups of the complex of microfunctions at the boundary μω(Ox).Stating this result in terms of regularity at the boundary for CR–hyperfunctions a local Bochner–type theorem is then obtained.     

Extreme points and retractions in Banach spaces

ForT a completely regular topological space andX a strictly convex Banach space, we study the extremal structure of the unit ball of the spaceC(T,X) of continuous and bounded functions fromT intoX. We show that when dimX is an even integer then every point in the unit ball ofC(T, X) can be expressed as the average of three extreme points if, and only if, dimT< dimX, where dimT is the covering dimension ofT. We also prove that, ifX is infinite-dimensional, the aforementioned representation of the points in the unit ball ofC(T, X) is always possible without restrictions on the topological spaceT. Finally, we deduce from the above result that the identity mapping on the unit ball of an infinite-dimensional strictly convex Banach space admits a representation as the mean of three retractions of the unit ball onto the unit sphere. The author wishes to express his gratitude to Dr. Juan Francisco Mena Jurado for many helpful suggestions during the preparation of this paper.     

Basic sequences and norming subspaces in non-quasi-reflexive Banach spaces

A Banach spaceX is non-quasi-reflexive (i.e. dimX ^**/X=∞) if and only if it contains a basic sequence spanning a non-quasi-reflexive subspace. In fact, this basic sequence can be chosen to be non-k-boundedly complete for allk. A basic sequence which is non-k-shrinking for allk exists inX if and only ifX ^* contains a norming subspace of infinite codimension. This need not occur even ifX is non-quasi-reflexive. Every norming subspace ofX ^* has finite codimension if and only if for every normingM inX ^*, everyM-closedY inX,M∩Y ^T is norming overX/Y. This solves a problem due to Schäffer [19].     

Finitary reconstruction of a measure preserving transformation

This paper considers thefinitary reconstruction of an ergodic measure preserving transformationT of a complete separable metric spaceX from a single trajectoryx, Tx, …, or more generally, from a suitable reconstruction sequence x=x ₁,x ₂, … withx _i∈X. Ann-sample reconstruction is a functionT _n: X ⁿ⁺¹ →X; the map (·;x ₁, …,x _n)is treated as an estimate ofT(·) based on then initial elements of x. Given a reference probability measureμ ₀ and constantM>1, functionsT ₁,T ₂, … are defined, and it is shown that for everyμ with 1/M≤dμ/dμ ₀≤M, everyμ-preserving transformationT, and every reconstruction sequence x forT, the estimates (·;x ₁, …,x _nconverge toT in the weak topology. For the family of interval exchange transformations of [0, 1] a simple family of estimates is described and shown to be consistent both pointwise and in the strong topology. However, it is also shown that no finitary estimation scheme is consistent in the strong topology for the family of all ergodic Lebesgue measure preserving transformations of the unit interval, even if x is assumed to be a generic trajectory ofT. Supported in part by NSF Grant DMS-9501926.     

An approximate solvability scheme for a class of nonlinear equations

An approximate solvability scheme for equations of the typeu+K _u(u)=w, in a closed convex subsetA of a Hilbert spaceX is given. Here, for eachu ∈ A, K _u: X → X is a bounded linear operator.     

Spaces of compact operators and their dual spaces

Theω′-topology on the spaceL(X, Y) of bounded linear operators from the Banach spaceX into the Banach spaceY is discussed in [10]. Let ℒ^w' (X, Y) denote the space of allT∈L(X, Y) for which there exists a sequence of compact linear operators (T _n)⊂K(X, Y) such thatT=ω′−lim_nT_n and let . We show that is a Banach ideal of operators and that the continuous dual spaceK(X, Y)* is complemented in . This results in necessary and sufficient conditions forK(X, Y) to be reflexive, whereby the spacesX andY need not satisfy the approximation property. Similar results follow whenX andY are locally convex spaces. Financial support from the Potchefstroom University and Maseno University is greatly acknowledged. Financial support from the NRF and Potchefstroom University is greatly acknowledged.     

Weighted composition operators on nonlocally convex weighted spaces of continuous functions

LetV be a system of weights on a completely regular Hausdorff spaceX and letB(E) be the topological vector space of all continuous linear operators on a general topological vector spaceE. LetCV ₀(X, E) andCV _b (X, E) be the weighted spaces of vector-valued continuous functions (vanishing at infinity or bounded, respectively) which are not necessarily locally convex. In the present paper, we characterize in this general setting the weighted composition operatorsW _π,? onCV ₀(X, E) (orCV _b (X, E)) induced by the operator-valued mappings π:X→B(E) (or the vector-valued mappings π:X→E, whereE is a topological algebra) and the self-map ? ofX. Also, we characterize the mappings π:X→B(E) (or π:x→E) and ?:X→X which induce the compact weighted composition operators on these weighted spaces of continuous functions.     

Bounds for the number of moduli for irregular varieties of general type

LetX be a minimal surface of general type and M (X) the set of equivalence classes of complex structures on the differentiable manifold underlyingX; denoting byM _x the dimension of M(X) at [X], the point corresponding to the complex structure ofX we consider the problem of finding an upper bound forM _x in terms of the basic numerical invariants ofX. The main result is the Castelunovo's bound:M _xP_g(X)+2q(X) for certain irregular surfaces. We also generalize the above bound to an arbitrary dimension.     

On multicyclic operators and the Vasjunin-Nikol'ski206-1206-1206-1discotheca

If A is a bounded linear multicyclic operator acting on a complex Banach spaceX, then thedisc of A is defined by: disc A = sup(R ∈ Cyc A) min{dimR′: R′ ? R, R′ ∈ Cyc A}, where Cyc A denotes the family of all finite dimensional subspacesR ofX such that X = (R+AR+A ² R+?)^?. It is shown that if the set {λ ∈ ?: dim ker (λ-A)^* ≥ n} has nonempty interior (in particular, if A is a Fredholm operator of index -n), then disc A ≥ n+1. This result affirmatively answers a question of V.I. Vasjunin and N.K. Nikol'skiï. In the case whenX is a Hilbert space, it is shown that the set of all operators A such that A is n-multicyclic, but disc A =∞, is dense in the set of all n-multicyclic operators. If M_λ = "multiplication by λ" acting on the disk algebra (and many other spaces of continuous and/or analytic functions), then M_λ is cyclic, but disc M_λ = ∞. However, the analogous result is false if the disk algebra is replaced by the algebra of functions analytic on the disk and smooth on the boundary, or algebras of Lipschitz functions. If T is a multicyclic unicellular operator, then T is cyclic and disc T=1.     

Separabilite vague dans l’espace des mesures sur un compact

Using the continuum hypothesis we construct a compact spaceK such that the spaceM (K)) of measures onK is vaguely separable, i.e., thatC (K) is injected intol ^∞, but thatC (K) is not isomorphic to a subspace ofl ^∞. It is shown that ifC(K) is isomorphic to a subspace ofC (K) is positively isometric to a subspace ofl ^∞(⌈). Nevertheless, under the continuum hypothesis one can construct a compact spaceL such that the spaceM ₁ ⁺ (L) of probabilities onL is vaguely separable, butL cannot be the support of a measureμ withL ¹(μ) separable in the norm.      

A complete parametrization of cyclic field extensions of 2-power degree

Letq be a power of 2 at least equal to 8 and ζ be a primitiveq-th root of unity, and letK be any field of characteristic zero. We define the group of special projective conormsS _K as a quotient of the group of elements ofK(ζ) of norm 1:S _K is obviously trival if the groul Gal (K(ζ)/K) is cyclic. We prove that for some fieldsK, the groupS _K is finite, and it is even trivial for certain fields such as ? or ?(X ₁,...,X _m). We then prove that the groupS _K completely paramatrizes the cycle extensions ofK of degreeq. We exhibit an explicit polynomial defined over ?(T ₀,...,T _q/2) which parametrizes all cyclic extensions ofK of degreeq associated to the trivial element ofS _K. In particular, this polynomial parametrizes all cyclic extensions ofK of degreeq whenever the groupS _K is trivial.     

Caratterizzazione della semicontinuità inferiore della frontiera di una multifunzione in spazi normati

In this note we obtain for a multifunctionG defined in a topological spaceT and taking as its values «bounded» and «convex» subsets with non empty interior in a Banach spaceX (dimX<∞), the following result:G continuous int ₀ εT ? ?G lower semicontinuous int ₀ εT. This theorem contains the results stated by M.D.P. Monteiro Marques in [4] and by D. Averna—T. Cardinali in [1].     

Analytic subvarieties with many rational points

We give a generalization of the classical Bombieri–Schneider–Lang criterion in transcendence theory. We give a local notion of LG-germ, which is similar to the notion of E-function and Gevrey condition, and which generalize (and replace) the condition on derivatives in the theorem quoted above. Let ${K \subset \mathbb{C}}We give a generalization of the classical Bombieri–Schneider–Lang criterion in transcendence theory. We give a local notion of LG-germ, which is similar to the notion of E-function and Gevrey condition, and which generalize (and replace) the condition on derivatives in the theorem quoted above. Let K ì \mathbbC{K \subset \mathbb{C}} be a number field and X a quasi-projective variety defined over K. Let γ : M → X be an holomorphic map of finite order from a parabolic Riemann surface to X such that the Zariski closure of the image of it is strictly bigger then one. Suppose that for every p ? X(K)?g(M){p\in X(K)\cap\gamma(M)} the formal germ of M near P is an LG-germ, then we prove that X(K)?g(M){X(K)\cap\gamma(M)} is a finite set. Then we define the notion of conformally parabolic K?hler varieties; this generalize the notion of parabolic Riemann surface. We show that on these varieties we can define a value distribution theory. The complementary of a divisor on a compact K?hler manifold is conformally parabolic; in particular every quasi projective variety is. Suppose that A is conformally parabolic variety of dimension m over \mathbbC{\mathbb{C}} with K?hler form ω and γ : A → X is an holomorphic map of finite order such that the Zariski closure of the image is strictly bigger then m. Suppose that for every p ? X(K)?g(A){p\in X(K)\cap \gamma (A)} , the image of A is an LG-germ. then we prove that there exists a current T on A of bidegree (1, 1) such that ò_ATùw^m-1{\int_AT\wedge\omega^{m-1}} explicitly bounded and with Lelong number bigger or equal then one on each point in γ ⁻¹(X(K)). In particular if A is affine γ ⁻¹(X(K)) is not Zariski dense.