Origin of summer monsoon rainfall identified by δ18O in precipitation

A negative correlation between δ^18O in monsoon precipitation and f, the ratio of precipitable water in monsoon region to that in water source area, is hypothesized. Using the Rayleigh model, a new method for identifying origin of summer monsoon rainfall is developed based on the hypothesis. In order to validate the method, the isotopic data at New Delhi, a typical station in the southwest monsoon region, and Hong Kong, a typical station in the southeast monsoon region, were collected and analyzed for case studies. The case studies indicate that the water source areas of the monsoon rairdall at the two stations identified by the method are accordant with the general atmosphere circulation patterns. The method developed in this paper is significantly important for tracing the origin of summer monsoon precipitation.     

Applications of stable isotopes to study plant-animal relationships in terrestrial ecosystems

As natural tracers, stable isotopes have been extensively used in plant physiological, ecological and environmental research. Recently, animal physiological ecologists have also applied stable isotope techniques to study plantanimal relationships. The isotopic compositions of animal body generally reflect and integrate their diets over a time period ranging from hours to years to the lifetime of an individual. When animal living habitat changes or animals move to a new environment, the animal isotopic compositions will shift accordingly. Thus, stable isotope signatures of an animal can truly reflect its food sources, habitat, distribution and movement patterns during a given time period. Moreover, by analyzing animal-tissue isotopic compositions at different temporal scales, we can improve our understanding of animal adaptation to environmental changes. Stable isotope technique also provides an ideal tool to study animal foodweb relationship and community structure because of isotopic fractionation during the processes of nutrient assimilation by animals. Stable isotope technique can continuously measure animal trophic position in a foodweb, which can eventually reveal the predator-prey relationship and its role in determining matter balance and energy flow in the entire ecosystem. Stable isotope technique has been one of the most important and efficient tools in studying plant-animal relationship. In this paper, we first review recent advances in the application of stable isotope techniques to plant-animal relationship research then evaluate their advantages and disadvantages, and finally discuss some future directions associated with stable isotope applications to plant-animal relationship research.     

偶Z>62稳定同位素个数的确定

在参量S—H正方形核素图中,介绍了由稳定区边界的系统规律性,确定稳定同位素偶偶核素个数的一种方法。由偶Z64～82上界,坐标差K=-8～12上界与偶Z80～64下界组成的始于坐标(32,32),经坐标(34,32)(34,36)(36,36)(36,44)(38,44)至上界H44,再向下经坐标(38,42)(40,42)(40,40)(42,40)(42,36)(44,36)(44,32)(42,32)(42,24)至坐标(40,24)的稳定区边界折线形成增量△H=2,4,8与△H=2,2,4,4,8的外围折线。Z>62稳定同位素还由偶Z66～82上界与偶Z64～80下界组成一个对称区,区中存在以常量Z66,68,70;H32,34,36;Z76,78,80为特点的三条递交线。从而确定了偶Z>62各元素的偶偶核素共有46种。     

A method for estimating the contribution of evaporative vapor from Nam Co to local atmospheric vapor based on stable isotopes of water bodies

During the summer monsoon season,the moisture of precipitation events in southern and central regions of the Tibetan Plateau is mainly moisture from the Indian Ocean transported by the Indian monsoon and terrestrial vapor derived from the surface of the Tibetan Plateau.However,the respective contributions of these two types of moisture are not clear.From June to September,the excess deuterium values of precipitation and river water in the Nam Co basin are higher than those for the southern Tibetan Plateau.This reflects the mixing of evaporation from Nam Co and local atmospheric vapor.On the basis of theory for estimating the contribution of evaporative vapor from surface water bodies to atmospheric vapor and relative stable isotopes in water bodies (precipitation,river water,atmospheric moisture and lake water),this study preliminarily estimates that the average contribution of evaporation from the Lake Nam Co to local atmospheric vapor has varied from 28.4% to 31.1% during the summer monsoon season in recent years.     

A carbon- and oxygen-isotope record of recent environ- mental change from Qinghai Lake, NE Tibetan Plateau

An understanding of natural climatic variability is essential for evaluating anthropogenic impacts on recent and future climate[1—3]. Due to the lack of lengthy instrumental records, such an understanding must be gained from natural archives of climate change. Palaeolimnological indicators of past lake levels may provide a sensitive record of changes in effective precipitation in closed basins. This approach is particularly relevant on the Tibetan Plateau, where instrumental records are very…     

锶同位素研究在古季风演化研究中的应用研究

自从Rb-Sr同位素体系被应用于地质年龄以来,随着Rb-Sr同位素地球化学理论和测试分析技术的逐步发展和完善,其应用越来越广泛。主要介绍了锶同位素的基本地球化学特征,分析了锶同位素研究进行全球对比的可能性,探讨了锶同位素研究在我国黄土季风演化研究中的应用。众多研究显示Rb/Sr和87Sr/86Sr的比值变化受控于风化成壤作用的强弱,与降雨量、磁化率变化有很好的线性相关关系。通过曲线的分析、对比发现Rb/Sr和87Sr/86Sr曲线所蕴含的气候信息比磁化率曲线更为丰富和详细,与SPECMAP     

A carbon－and oxygen－isotoperecord of recent environ－mental change from Qinghai Lake, NE Tibetan Plateau

A c. 300-year oxygen and carbon isotope record derived from fine-grained and ostracod carbonate from Qinghai Lake testifies to dramatic interannual to illterde-cadal linmologicai change. Fine-grained carbonates, whichare mainly authigenic, are likely to have formed in the epillmnion of the lake and their isotopic composition reflects the summer temperature and, more importantly, the isotopic composition of the near-surface waters, which is mainly afunction of evapor ative concentration. Ostracod shells aresecreted in the benthos of the lake, and their isotopic compo-sition reflects summer bottom-water conditions, together with fractionation effects, which may differ between species.Differences between contemporaneous values from authi-genic carbonates and ostracod shells may provide an indica-tion of stratification within the lake and variations in effec-tive precip itation over the northeast part of the Tibetan Pla-tcau over the past 300 years. A period of moderate evapora-tive concentration, from about 300 to 100 yr BP, was inter-rupted by a marked wet phase from-100 to 40 vr BP. which was in turn followed by a return to drier conditions in the most recent part of the record. The increase in δ^18O values in the latter part of the record accords well with instrumental records of lake-level lowering and salinity increase since about 1955 AD.     

五道沟试验场降雨径流中的氢氧稳定同位素特征分析

在淮北平原区五道沟水文水资源试验场,对降雨径流中的氢氧稳定同位素组成变化的特点及控制平原区河道径流组分划分的一些流域水文因素进行了同位素示踪实验研究.结果表明,实验期间降雨中的δ(18O)(-0.918%～-0.518%)及δ(2H)(-5.064%～-2.310%)的变幅较大,并随雨强的降低而增大;1,3,6号测井地下水的δ(18O)(或δ(2H))主要与补给区水源及降雨的δ(18O)(或δ(2H))有关,其对降雨入渗补给的响应较慢,有明显的滞后效应;IR自记井及S4抽水井由于受抽水灌溉等人类活动的持续影响,δ(18O)(或δ(2H))明显偏负,表明有来自深部潜水的补给.此外,流域出口断面河水的δ(18O)(或δ(2H))受平原型流域较强均化作用的影响,其变幅远远小于降雨的δ(18O)(或δ(2H))变幅,在使用同位素方法划分河道径流组分时,需要考虑降雨到形成河道径流的传输时间.     

锶同位素研究在古季风演化研究中的应用研究

自从Rb—Sr同位素体系被应用于地质年龄以来，随着Rb—Sr同位素地球化学理论和测试分析技术的逐步发展和完善，其应用越来越广泛。主要介绍了锶同位素的基本地球化学特征，分析了锶同位素研究进行全球对比的可能性，探讨了锶同位素研究在我国黄土季风演化研究中的应用。众多研究显示Rb／Sr和^87Sr／^86Sr的比值变化受控于风化成壤作用的强弱，与降雨量、磁化率变化有很好的线性相关关系。通过曲线的分析、对比发现Rb／Sr和^87Sr／^86Sr曲线所蕴含的气候信息比磁化率曲线更为丰富和详细，与SPECMAP δ^18O曲线具有同步变化特征和更好的对应关系。这些研究表明Rb／Sr和^87Sr／^86Sr比值极可能是一种东亚夏季风演化更为灵敏的替代性指标，在古气候重建中有着广阔的应用前景。     

A 60 000-year loess-paleosol record of millennial-scale summer monsoon instability from Lanzhou, China

The 28-m high-resolution Shajinping loess section in Lanzhou on the Chinese western Loess Plateau records a detailed history of millennial Asian summer monsoon change since the earlier last glaciation. Summer monsoon proxies of soil magnetic susceptibility, carbonate content and soil color show that Asian summer monsoon experienced a series of rapid episodic pulse enhancements spanning only ca. 1-2 ka and have sub-Milankovitch cycles of progressive weakening in low frequency domain since ca. 60 kaBP. Soil formation responds to these by deepening colors, accumulating organic matter, increasing biological channels and leaching certain carbonates. The pedogenic degree generally increases with the degree of enhancement of summer monsoon. These may reflect the impact of the last glacial fast climatic change in the North Atlantic region on Asian summer monsoon.     

Long-term trend and abrupt events of the Holocene Asian monsoon inferred from a stalagmite δ18O record from Shennongjia in Central China

The middle-Holocene was a period of profound cul- ture transitions: the Neolithic culture around Central China[1], Mesopotamia[2] and India[3] all mysteriously collapsed around 4 ka . It is plausible that this civiliza-tion collapse can be contributed to …     

湖南锡矿山高锑地下水稳定碳同位素特征及其富锑意义

溶解性有机碳是地下水中Sb富集的关键因素,为探明湖南锡矿山高Sb地下水稳定碳同位素特征,揭示有机质氧化分解过程对地下水中Sb富集的影响,对湖南锡矿山高Sb地下水选用碳稳定同位素分馏和水化学相结合的方式进行分析。结果表明：湖南锡矿山高Sb地下水δ13CDIC值在-17.84‰~-2.30‰之间,δ13CDOC值在-26.87‰~-16.70‰之间。高Sb地下水中Sb与DOC、HCO3-均呈正相关关系,表明微生物作用对高Sb地下水中Sb的富集具有较大的贡献。高Sb地下水溶解性有机碳相对于溶解性无机碳具有更负的δ13C值,DOC主要受内源有机质的影响;随着δ13CDIC-δ13CDOC差值的减小,Sb浓度逐渐升高,表明由于微生物的存在,有机质的氧化分解明显促进了高Sb地下水中Sb的富集。     

碳稳定同位素比质谱法对海上溢油中燃料油及原油的鉴别

采用稳定同位素比质谱法对船用燃料油和马来西亚、伊拉克和中国大庆原油中正构烷烃单体烃的碳稳定同位素比（δ13 C）进行分析对比,归纳总结两者δ13 C的特征．实验结果显示：船用燃料油的δ13 C为－32．0±0．6,其单体烃的δ13 C波动范围较大;马来西亚原油的δ13 C为－27．0±0．4,伊拉克原油的δ13 C为－27．9±0．5,大庆原油的δ13 C为－31．4±0．4,其单体烃的δ13 C都具有波动范围小的特点．从原油产地的地理位置来看,越靠近赤道,其δ13 C越高．船用燃料油是原油加工出来的成品油,因而根据两者δ13 C平均值的相似性或差异性可推断其是否有亲缘关系．油品中δ13 C特征差异可为海上溢油种类的鉴别和溯源提供一个有效的技术支撑．     

树木稳定碳同位素比率的方位差异及其机理初步研究

测定了祁连山一棵千年圆柏不同方位上树木稳定碳同位素比率 (δ13 C值 )和光合作用色素 .结果显示 ,树木中 δ13 C值具有明显的方位差异 :北面的 δ13 C值相对较高 ,西面的 δ13 C值相对较低 .树叶中叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量和类黄酮含量的方位变化趋势与δ13 C值类似 .分析表明 ,后者的方位变化是树木对局部环境的光辐射差异长期适应的结果 ,而树木中δ13 C值的方位差异可归咎于光同时引起光合作用和呼吸作用变化的缘故     

Sources and transportation of suspended matter and sediment in the southern Yellow Sea: Evidence from stable carbon isotopes

The concentrations of total suspended matter (TSM) and the compositions of organic stable carbon iso- topes of TSM and bottom sediments were analyzed to study the sources of TSM and sediments and the transportation processes. For this study, 284 TSM samples and 64 sediment ones taken from 67 stations along 7 transects and in 5 layers were collected in the southern Yellow Sea on the cruise in May, 1998. The main sediment transportation pattern in the southern Yellow Sea was obtained by analyzing the distribu- tion characteristics of TSM concentration and particulate organic carbon δ~(13)C values. It was confirmed from the pat- tern that the bottom layer plays a more important role than the surface one in the transportation processes of terrigenous material to the central deep-water area of the southern Yel- low Sea. The Yellow Sea circulation is an important control factor in determining the sediment transportation pattern in the southern Yellow Sea, The carbon isotope signals of sedi- mentary organic matter confirmed that the main material in sediments with high sedimentation rate in the Shandong subaqueous delta originated from the modern Yellow River. The terrigenous sediments in the deep-water area of the southern Yellow Sea are mainly from the abandoned Yellow River and the modern Yellow River, and a small portion of them are from the modern Yangtze material. The amount of terrigenous material from Korean Peninsula and its influen- ce range are relatively limited. The conclusions derived from TSM and stable carbon isotopes were further confirmed by another independent material source tracer-PAHs.     

基于稳定同位素的SPAC系统水分转化研究进展

大气-土壤-植被连续体(soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, SPAC)系统水分转化过程是生态水文学重要的研究内容。稳定同位素作为天然的示踪剂能有效示踪、整合和指示SPAC系统中的水分输入、输出以及转化过程。笔者在简述稳定同位素应用原理的基础上,以垂直方向上SPAC系统水分运移的视角,阐释基于稳定同位素技术的土壤-根系界面水分运移、植物传输水分中存在的分馏和植物冠层-大气界面水分交换的研究进展,探讨了SPAC系统水分转化研究中稳定同位素技术在分馏机制、时间分辨率与空间异质性方面的局限性。认为未来基于稳定同位素的SPAC水分转化研究还需着重在以下3个方面进行：(1)借助广泛应用于其他领域的便携式同位素分析仪对各种同位素水池同位素组成进行原位观测;(2)结合多种同位素分析水体同位素组成来分析土壤-根系界面水分运移过程,进一步确定树木水分来源,提高识别和划分的准确性,并以此完善稳定同位素应用模型;(3)利用同位素标记盆栽实验精准控制叶片吸水的水源,高分辨率地解析叶片吸水的发生位置以及时间;(4)结合控制性同位素标记实验并利用离心技术提取木质部导管中的汁液水,对比分...     

皖北矿区煤层底板岩溶水氢氧稳定同位素特征

对皖北矿区主要含水层的氢氧稳定同位素进行了测试与分析,岩溶含水层中太原组石灰岩岩溶裂隙水(简称"太灰水")δ(18O)均值为-8.69‰,δD均值为-68.64‰,奥陶系石灰岩裂隙溶隙水(简称"奥灰水")δ(18O)均值为-8.47‰,δD均值为-70.10‰。指出了该矿区地表水、新生界松散层类第4层含水层(简称"四含水")、煤系砂岩水、太灰水、奥灰水氢氧稳定同位素一般特征。同时根据太灰水和奥灰水氢氧稳定同位素组成,着重分析了底板岩溶水的补给环境与径流环境以及岩溶水与其它含水层之间的联系。     

鄂尔多斯盆地含铀砂岩碳酸盐胶结物C-O同位素研究及地质意义

详细研究鄂尔多斯盆地含铀砂岩的碳氧同位素地球化学特征,探讨了鄂尔多斯盆地砂岩型铀矿富集成矿机理及多种能源共存的内在联系,从而进一步探讨盆地型多种能源富集成藏(矿)的潜在的规律.含铀砂岩的碳酸盐胶结物C-O同位素测定结果表明:所有样品δ13CPDB值变化范围为-4.2‰~-23.62‰,大部分样品δ13CPDB值落在碳酸盐岩δ13CPDB值范围内或略低,4个样品δ13CPDB值均低于-10‰;样品中碳酸盐胶结物含量为0.5%~16.12%.综合分析表明:含铀砂岩所属的中侏罗统直罗组在浅变质作用过程中受到过来自深部流体的交代渗滤作用,在淋滤与溶解盆地下古生界的海相碳酸盐过程与古生界的油气相互混合,在砂岩的成岩(成矿)过程中并且具有一定比例有机质的加入,使得含铀砂岩的胶结物中碳同位素值变低.含铀砂岩在成岩(成矿)过程中和一定比例有机质进行水岩交换作用,有机质的参与促使本区铀矿质的络合与运移,最终在有利氧化-还原条件下沉淀和富集.