微流控液滴技术及其应用的研究进展

微液滴具有体积小、比表面积大,速度快、通量高,大小均匀、体系封闭,内部稳定等特性,在药物控释、病毒检测、颗粒材料合成、催化剂等领域中均有重要应用.微流控技术的发展为微液滴生成中实现尺寸规格、结构形貌和功能特性等的可控设计和精确操控提供了全新平台.本文概述了微流控液滴技术的基本原理、液滴生成方式及其基本操控,比较分析了微液滴的传统制备法与微流控合成法的异同,介绍了近年来微流控液滴技术在功能材料合成、生物医学和食品加工等领域中的研究新进展,探讨并展望了微流控液滴技术的潜在价值和未来发展方向.     

Chemical Composition,Nutritional Value,and Acceptance of Nut Bars with the Addition of Edible Insect Powder

Six types of nut-based bars with the addition of edible insect flour were obtained. Flours made from three different insects (Tenebrio molitor L., Acheta domesticus L., Alphitobius diaperinus P.) were used at two different additive levels (15% and 30%) in relation to the weight of the nuts. The addition of insect flour significantly increased protein content and the insoluble fraction of dietary fiber. The largest amount of these compounds was found in bars with 30% cricket flour, 15.51 g/100 g and 6.04 g/100 g, respectively, in comparison to standard bars, 10.78 g/100 g and 3.14 g/100 g, respectively. The greatest consumer acceptance was found in relation to bars with buffalo worm flour. The overall acceptance of these bars was 6.26–6.28 points compared to 6.48 for standard bars. Bars and raw materials were characterized by the high biological value of the protein. Cis linoleic acid dominated among unsaturated fatty acids. The percentage of this compound was in the range of 69.56%, for bars with a 30% addition of buffalo worm flour, to 73.88%, for bars with 15% cricket flour. Instrumental analysis of taste and smell compounds showed the presence of compounds such as 3-methylbutanoic acid, hexanal, and 2,3-pentanedione.     

甜叶菊糖的组份分离与味质改进研究进展

对甜菊叶提取物中甜菊甙及甜双匝糖甙相关物的组分离，测定以及为改进味质采用的酶转糖基化法，等手段进行概要评述。     

Protective,Biostimulating, and Eliciting Effects of Chitosan and Its Derivatives on Crop Plants

Chitosan is a biodegradable and biocompatible polysaccharide obtained by partial deacetylation of chitin. This polymer has been gaining increasing popularity due to its natural origin, favorable physicochemical properties, and multidirectional bioactivity. In agriculture, the greatest hopes are raised by the possibility of using chitosan as a biostimulant, a plant protection product, an elicitor, or an agent to increase the storage stability of plant raw materials. The most important properties of chitosan include induction of plant defense mechanisms and regulation of metabolic processes. Additionally, it has antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant activity. The effectiveness of chitosan interactions is determined by its origin, deacetylation degree and acetylation pattern, molecular weight, type of chemical modifications, pH, concentration, and solubility. There is a need to conduct research on alternative sources of chitosan, extraction methods, optimization of physicochemical properties, and commercial implementation of scientific progress outcomes in this field. Moreover, studies are necessary to assess the bioactivity and toxicity of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan conjugates with other substances and to evaluate the consequences of the large-scale use thereof. This review presents the unique properties of chitosan and its derivatives that have the greatest importance for plant production and yield quality as well as the benefits and limitations of their application.     

Melatonin,Its Metabolites and Their Interference with Reactive Nitrogen Compounds

Melatonin and several of its metabolites are interfering with reactive nitrogen. With the notion of prevailing melatonin formation in tissues that exceeds by far the quantities in blood, metabolites come into focus that are poorly found in the circulation. Apart from their antioxidant actions, both melatonin and N¹-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK) downregulate inducible and inhibit neuronal NO synthases, and additionally scavenge NO. However, the NO adduct of melatonin redonates NO, whereas AMK forms with NO a stable product. Many other melatonin metabolites formed in oxidative processes also contain nitrosylatable sites. Moreover, AMK readily scavenges products of the CO₂-adduct of peroxynitrite such as carbonate radicals and NO₂. Protein AMKylation seems to be involved in protective actions.     

Mechanisms and Advances in Anti-Ovarian Cancer with Natural Plants Component

Ovarian cancer ranks seventh in the most common malignant tumors among female disease, which seriously threatens female reproductive health. It is characterized by hidden pathogenesis, missed diagnosis, high reoccurrence rate, and poor prognosis. In clinic, the first-line treatment prioritized debulking surgery with paclitaxel-based chemotherapy. The harsh truth is that female patients are prone to relapse due to the dissemination of tumor cells and drug resistance. In these circumstances, the development of new therapy strategies combined with traditional approaches is conductive to improving the quality of treatment. Among numerous drug resources, botanical compounds have unique advantages due to their potentials in multitarget functions, long application history, and wide availability. Previous studies have revealed the therapeutic effects of bioactive plant components in ovarian cancer. These natural ingredients act as part of the initial treatment or an auxiliary option for maintenance therapy, further reducing the tumor and metastatic burden. In this review, we summarized the functions and mechanisms of natural botanical components applied in human ovarian cancer. We focused on the molecular mechanisms of cell apoptosis, autophagy, RNA and DNA lesion, ROS damage, and the multiple-drug resistance. We aim to provide a theoretical reference for in-depth drug research so as to manage ovarian cancer better in clinic.     

抗人手足口病药物的合成研究进展

手足口病是在东南亚,特别是在中国大规模频繁爆发的疾病,柯萨奇病毒A16型以及肠道病毒71型是引起感染的主要致病病原体,其中EV71感染不仅造成轻症病例,还能造成重症和死亡病例,也是在我国目前的主要致病原。目前我国已有EV71灭活疫苗上市,但疫苗本身存在一定程度风险且不能预防所有的手足口病。当前对于感染仅仅可以使用一些常用的广谱抗病毒药物进行支持性治疗。本文针对目前引起手足口病的EV71的小分子抑制剂的合成研究进展进行了综述,为治疗人手足口病的药物研发提供参考。     

Arbutin: Occurrence in Plants,and Its Potential as an Anticancer Agent

Arbutin, a hydroquinone glucoside, has been detected in ca. 50 plant families, especially in the plants of the Asteraceae, Ericaceae, Proteaceae and Rosaceae families. It is one of the most widely used natural skin-whitening agents. In addition to its skin whitening property, arbutin possesses other therapeutically relevant biological properties, e.g., antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, as well as anticancer potential. This review presents, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the distribution of arbutin in the plant kingdom and critically appraises its therapeutic potential as an anticancer agent based on the literature published until the end of August 2022, accessed via several databases, e.g., Web of Science, Science Direct, Dictionary of Natural Products, PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the search were arbutin, cancer, anticancer, distribution and hydroquinone. Published outputs suggest that arbutin has potential anticancer properties against bladder, bone, brain, breast, cervix, colon, liver, prostate and skin cancers and a low level of acute or chronic toxicity.     

电泳中介微分析及其应用进展

介绍了电泳中介微分析(EMMA)的特点及其原理。对EMMA的进样、混合模式、在线反应控制、分离动力学以及检测模式等进行了综合评述。对EMMA在酶活性、酶基体、酶抑制剂或激动剂测定和柱内衍生等方面的应用以及发展前景作了全面介绍。引用文献59篇。     

RT-PCR和RNA干扰方法用于检测卵巢癌iASPP基因的研究

用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测56对人卵巢癌组织及对应的癌旁组织中iASPP(Inhibitor of ASPP fami-ly)mRNA表达水平,应用受试者工作特征曲线(Receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)分析癌组织与癌旁组织中iASPP mRNA表达水平,探索iASPP在卵巢癌发生中的作用。从细胞水平进一步研究其作用机制,用siRNA干扰的方法使iASPP表达降低后用Hoechst 33342和CCK-8分别检测iASPP沉默后对人类卵巢癌细胞株OVCA420的影响。结果显示,卵巢癌组织中iASPP表达较癌旁组织明显增高;iASPP沉默后,细胞凋亡增多,细胞增殖水平降低。据此推断,iASPP mRNA水平对卵巢癌的临床诊断具有一定价值,可作为卵巢癌治疗的一个重要靶点。     

载脂蛋白E与阿尔兹海默病的相关研究进展*

载脂蛋白E（Apolipoprotein E,ApoE ）的等位基因ε4是阿尔兹海默病（Alzheimer’s disease,AD）主要的危险遗传因子，它主要与晚发型以及散发型阿尔兹海默病相关。阿尔兹海默病的两个主要病理学特征均被发现与ApoE 有着极为密切的关系。本文介绍了ApoE在阿尔兹海默病中所起的主要作用的研究进展以及目前国内外关于基于ApoE的阿尔兹海默病相关药物研究。     

A Review of HER4 (ErbB4) Kinase,Its Impact on Cancer,and Its Inhibitors

HER4 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is required for the evolution of normal body systems such as cardiovascular, nervous, and endocrine systems, especially the mammary glands. It is activated through ligand binding and activates MAPKs and PI3K/AKT pathways. HER4 is commonly expressed in many human tissues, both adult and fetal. It is important to understand the role of HER4 in the treatment of many disorders. Many studies were also conducted on the role of HER4 in tumors and its tumor suppressor function. Mostly, overexpression of HER4 kinase results in cancer development. In the present article, we reviewed the structure, location, ligands, physiological functions of HER4, and its relationship to different cancer types. HER4 inhibitors reported mainly from 2016 to the present were reviewed as well.     

过氧化物酶模拟及应用研究进展

过氧化物酶是一类在生物体系中广泛存在的酶蛋白,本文从过氧化物酶催化反应的模拟作用,包括酶模拟、酶催化反应介质模拟以及酶催化反应氢供体底物的模拟3个方面评述过氧化物酶模拟作用的研究进展,并简要介绍在分析化学及免疫分析中的应用。     

Comparison of UV-absorbing Nets in Pepper Crops: Spectral Properties,Effects on Plants and Pest Control

In horticultural crops, the use of screens to protect plants is the usual strategy in the Mediterranean area. Screen manufacturers offer a range of netting that vary in their UV-absorbing properties. We compared the photoeffects of seven different screens. Sweet pepper trials were conducted at the Gilat Research Center, Israel, where the spectral properties of the nets and their influence on pest infestation and crop development were evaluated. UV transmittance varied among the materials studied ranging from 40% to 70% of the incident radiation. BioNet white and P-Optinet, which absorbed and reflected the highest amount of UV radiation, performed the best protection against the main pepper pest (thrips, whiteflies and broad mites). Spectral measurements also showed that the photosynthetically active radiation differentially penetrated the nets, which together with the amount of UV absorbed by the screenings, resulted in a range of plant height and chlorophyll content. A global understanding of the UV-absorbing nets’ effect on pepper crops and their pests was evaluated in this work because of the importance of these screens to integrated pest management and sustainable agriculture production.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析中易电离元素的基体干扰及其抑制的研究

选取铝、铜、镁、钙、铁、锰和锌等7种元素的9条谱线,研究电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对其测定时易电离元素钾、钠的基体干扰。结果表明:易电离元素对待测元素具有较明显的干扰作用,而增大射频发射功率及降低雾化器压力可有效地抑制易电离元素对待测元素的干扰。     

抗痴呆症药中加兰他敏对映异构体的毛细管电泳分离及药物质量控制

建立了以α-环糊精为手性选择剂的毛细管区带电泳用于分离治疗老年性痴呆病药物加兰他敏手性异构体的方法,测定了加兰他敏对映体与α-环糊精包结物的键合常数和手性识别过程的热力学参数.通过计算机模拟构象分析,探讨了分离机理.研究结果表明,对映异构体最大分离度为3.60,R和S对映异构体与α-环糊精的键合常数分别为K_R-CD=33.98L/mol和K_S-CD=23.90L/mol.将该方法用于加兰他敏原料药分析,分离出10种结构相似的化合物,测得非药效成分R型异构体含量为0.82%,测定的线性范围为0.015～1.0mmol/L,迁移时间和峰面积的精度分别为0.20%和2.6%.该方法可作为该药物质量控制与快速检测的有效手段.     

载酶纳米催化体系用于疾病诊疗的研究进展

酶作为一种具有高度特异性和高效性的催化剂, 可在细胞器中通过复杂有序的生化反应调节细胞的代谢过程. 受细胞区隔化结构的启发, 仿生设计纳米酶催化体系、 构筑限域酶催化微环境从而提高酶催化活性的研究为酶催化应用开辟了新思路. 纳米催化体系保留了小尺寸、 大比表面积、 肿瘤部位选择性富集等优势, 在疾病的诊疗方面发挥了巨大的优势. 本文首先总结了天然酶、 模拟酶和级联酶体系的催化机理, 对仿生构筑的纳米酶催化材料的载体体系进行了概述, 介绍了纳米酶催化体系在生物成像方面的应用, 讨论了其在相关代谢类疾病的作用途径, 并对纳米酶催化体系用于生物诊疗的发展前景进行了展望.     

Technological Advancements in Mass Spectrometry and Its Impact on Proteomics

Amalgamation of mass spectrometry (MS) and proteomics has led to the most awaited technological inventions such as discovery of clinically potential biomarkers and generation of effective drugs. This review focuses on the synergistic growth in MS instrumentation, proteomics and its impact on biomedical sciences. Novel ionization methods: surface enhanced laser desorption ionization, electrospray assisted laser desorption ionization, desorption electrospray ionization, laser diode thermal desorption are discussed. Different mass analyzers: ion trap, time-of-flight, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance and their applications are outlined. New ion fragmentation techniques: electron capture dissociation, electron transfer dissociation, infrared multiphoton dissociation and their attributes are described.     

Terrein Biosynthesis in Aspergillus terreus and Its Impact on Phytotoxicity

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