改进的相对转移熵的癫痫脑电分析

脑电信号是由脑神经活动产生并且始终存在于中枢神经系统的自发性电位活动,是一种重要的生物电信号. 脑电信号是非常微弱的且是非线性的,脑电信号也具有时间不可逆性. 本文提出了一种新的基于正向序列转移概率与逆向序列转移概率的相对熵方法即相对转移熵方法,并应用此方法研究了正常脑电与癫痫脑电的不可逆性,实验结果显示癫痫患者的脑电信号的不可逆性明显小于正常人的脑电信号的不可逆性. 这说明改进的相对转移熵可以作为一个物理过程不可逆程度的度量参数,这使得应用脑电信号区分病人是否患有癫痫疾病具有积极指导意义. 关键词： 相对转移熵 脑电信号 符号化 时间不可逆性     

基于改进功率谱熵的抑郁症脑电信号活跃性研究

采用非线性动力学方法研究脑精神疾病是近年来国内外学者研究的热点和趋势.针对脑精神疾病的研究和诊断中缺少客观有效的量化参数和量化指标的状况,提出了一种根据对时间序列功率谱划分而定义的谱熵,然后用其计算和分析脑电信号谱熵的方法.通过数据仿真试验证明该谱熵和信号活跃性之间存在正相关关系.基于这种相关性,应用该方法对抑郁症患者和正常对照组的脑电信号功率谱熵进行了数值计算,然后进行了分析对比和统计检验.实验结果表明:抑郁症患者脑电信号的功率谱熵在部分脑区显著弱于正常健康人.证明该谱熵能够表征大脑电生理活动状况,提供反映其活动性强弱的信息,可以作为度量大脑电生理活动性的一个参数.这对于能否将该功率谱熵作为诊断脑精神疾病的物理参数具有积极意义.     

等概率符号化样本熵应用于脑电分析

样本熵(或近似熵)以信息增长率刻画时间序列的复杂性,能应用于短时序列,因而在生理信号分析中被广泛采用.然而,一方面由于传统样本熵采用与标准差线性相关的容限,使得熵值易受非平稳突变干扰的影响,另一方面传统样本熵还受序列概率分布的影响,从而导致其并非单纯反映序列的信息增长率.针对上述两个问题,将符号动力学与样本熵结合,提出等概率符号化样本熵方法,并对其物理意义、数学推导及参数选取都做了详细阐述.通过对噪声数据的仿真计算,验证了该方法的正确性及其区分不同强度时间相关的有效性.此方法应用于脑电信号分析的结果表明,在不对信号做人工伪迹去除的前提下,只需要1.25 s的脑电信号即可有效地区分出注意力集中和注意力发散两种状态.这进一步证明了该方法可很好地抵御非平稳突变干扰,能快速获得短时序列的潜在动力学特性,对脑电生物反馈技术具有很大的应用价值.     

基于符号动力学的开关变换器时间不可逆性分析

本文提出了一种采用符号动力学和相对熵理论分析开关变换器非线性特性的新方法.根据迭代映射描述的开关变换器非线性系统得到离散数值序列,基于拓扑共轭理论将其转化为符号序列,通过前向序列和后向序列概率计算该符号序列的相对熵.文中以一阶电压反馈DCM Boost变换器为例,研究结果表明,开关变换器存在时间不可逆性,相对熵数值能够量化开关变换器处于混沌状态时离开平衡点的距离,从而得到一种新的可量化的开关变换器非线性动力学行为指标.     

脑电信号的多尺度排列熵分析

本文利用多尺度排列熵对正常脑电信号和癫痫脑电信号进行了详细的分析和比较,研究了脑电图信号多尺度排列熵值和年龄的关系以及尺度因子对多尺度排列熵值的影响.通过对处于各个年龄段的22组正常人和22组患有癫痫人群的脑电图进行多尺度排列熵分析,发现在相同年龄段的人群中,正常脑电信号的多尺度排列熵值要高于癫痫脑电信号,熵值平均高出约0.19,约7.9%.另外,在尺度因子小于15的情况下,对于在30到35的年龄段正常人群,其多尺度排列熵值最大,随着年龄段的增大或降低熵值都一定程度的降低.结果证明,多尺度排列熵可以成功区分正常脑电信号和癫痫脑电信号,并且熵值可以正确地反映人体大脑发育的一般过程.     

基于符号化部分互信息熵的多参数生物电信号的耦合分析

提出了一种新的时间序列耦合信息分析方法–-基于部分互信息符号化部分互信息熵. 研究表明, 多参量的生物电信号各参量间具有耦合关系, 使用符号化的部分互信息能够很好地对生物电信号时间序列进行分析, 从而获得其耦合程度.应用该算法对生物电信号计算并进行假设检验, 结果表明清醒期的生物电信号耦合程度显著高于睡眠期, 证明符号化部分互信息可以用来分析时间序列间的耦合信息, 而且生物电信号的耦合程度可以作为度量一个物理过程是否处于活跃状态的参数, 未来可以应用于临床医学以及生物电传感器等领域. 关键词： 符号化 部分互信息熵 生物电信号 耦合     

基于自适应模板法的脑电信号转移熵分析

脑电信号是一种产生机理相当复杂且非常微弱的随机信号, 综合反映了大脑组织的脑电活动及大脑的功能状态. 由于脑电信号的微弱性, 传统的基本模板方法在脑电信号分析上得到了良好的应用. 为进一步提升分析脑电信号的性能, 提出了一种新的基于自适应模板的转移熵方法并分析了青少年脑电与成年人脑电信号. 结果表明: 对于青少年脑电还是成年人脑电, 与基本模板法相比, 基于自适应模板法的转移熵可以更显著地表示脑电信号的耦合作用, 并且具有更好的区分度, 这将能更好地捕捉到信号中的动态信息、系统动力学复杂性的改变. 同时, 该方法将更有利于医学临床诊断的辅助检测, 对脑电信号是否处于病理状态的诊断提供了新的更好的判断依据.     

基于Lempel-Ziv复杂度和经验模态分解的癫痫脑电信号的检测方法

癫痫脑电信号是非平稳、非线性的,根据此特性我们提出一个基于Lempel-Ziv复杂度和经验模态分解(EMD)的癫痫脑电信号的检测方法,首先将癫痫脑电信号用EMD分解,再分别计算每阶固有模态函数(IMF)的复杂度,最后将得到的复杂度作为特征进行检测.实验用波恩数据库来评估提出的方法.结果表明,该方法检测准确率可达到95.25%,具有准确率高、适应性强等优点.     

基于频率切片小波变换和支持向量机的癫痫脑电信号自动检测

实现癫痫脑电信号的自动检测对癫痫的临床诊断和治疗具有重要意义.本文提出先使用频率切片小波变换分离出5个不同频段的节律信号,再分别计算每个节律信号的近似熵和相邻节律的波动指数,最后使用遗传算法优化的支持向量机进行分类.实验结果表明,所提出的方法能够对正常、癫痫发作间期和癫痫发作期三种脑电信号进行准确分类,分类准确率为98.33%.     

基于最小传热熵增的混合工质最佳组成

本根据在给定工质相变温度与热源温度最小温差点（献称Ｐｉｎｃｈ－ｐｏｉｎｔ）温差数值的前提下，通过选择工质组成，使单位传热量所引起的不可逆熵增最小，提出了一个基于最小传热熵增为目标的混合工质最佳组成的确定方法，并分析计算比较了二元混合工质和多元混合工质在减少传热熵增的不同效果，结果表明，多元混合工质比二元混合工质在减少不可逆熵增方面具有更大的优越性。     

EEG-Based Emotion Recognition by Exploiting Fused Network Entropy Measures of Complex Networks across Subjects

It is well known that there may be significant individual differences in physiological signal patterns for emotional responses. Emotion recognition based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is still a challenging task in the context of developing an individual-independent recognition method. In our paper, from the perspective of spatial topology and temporal information of brain emotional patterns in an EEG, we exploit complex networks to characterize EEG signals to effectively extract EEG information for emotion recognition. First, we exploit visibility graphs to construct complex networks from EEG signals. Then, two kinds of network entropy measures (nodal degree entropy and clustering coefficient entropy) are calculated. By applying the AUC method, the effective features are input into the SVM classifier to perform emotion recognition across subjects. The experiment results showed that, for the EEG signals of 62 channels, the features of 18 channels selected by AUC were significant (p < 0.005). For the classification of positive and negative emotions, the average recognition rate was 87.26%; for the classification of positive, negative, and neutral emotions, the average recognition rate was 68.44%. Our method improves mean accuracy by an average of 2.28% compared with other existing methods. Our results fully demonstrate that a more accurate recognition of emotional EEG signals can be achieved relative to the available relevant studies, indicating that our method can provide more generalizability in practical use.     

多类运动想象脑电信号特征提取与分类

针对多类运动想象情况下存在的脑电信号识别正确率比较低的问题,提出了一种将小波包方差,小波包熵和共同空间模式相结合的脑电信号特征提取,输入到支持向量机达到分类目的。首先选择小波包去噪后重要导联的脑电信号,进行小波包分解;然后对通道优化选取的重要导联的每个通道信号计算方差和熵值,对重要导联的每个通道信号的子带系数进行重构后,进行共同空间模式特征提取;最后结合2种不同导联方式所获取的特征向量进行分类。采用BCI2005desc_IIIa中l1b数据,该算法的分类正确率最高达到88.75%,相对2种单一的提取方法分别提高28.27%和6.55%。结果表明该算法能够有效提取特征向量,进而改善多类识别正确率较低的问题。     

Time-series analysis of sleep-wake stage of rat EEG using time-dependent pattern entropy

We performed electroencephalography (EEG) for six male Wistar rats to clarify temporal behaviors at different levels of consciousness. Levels were identified both by conventional sleep analysis methods and by our novel entropy method. In our method, time-dependent pattern entropy is introduced, by which EEG is reduced to binary symbolic dynamics and the pattern of symbols in a sliding temporal window is considered. A high correlation was obtained between level of consciousness as measured by the conventional method and mean entropy in our entropy method. Mean entropy was maximal while awake (stage W) and decreased as sleep deepened. These results suggest that time-dependent pattern entropy may offer a promising method for future sleep research.     

List of contributors

This study aimed to examine the background electroencephalography (EEG) in children with childhood absence epilepsy, a condition whose presentation has strong developmental links. EEG hallmarks of absence seizure activity are widely accepted and there is recognition that the bulk of inter-ictal EEG in this group is normal to the naked eye. This multidisciplinary study aimed to use the normalized total wavelet entropy (NTWS) (Signal Processing 83 (2003) 1275) to examine the background EEG of those patients demonstrating absence seizure activity, and compare it with children without absence epilepsy. This calculation can be used to define the degree of order in a system, with higher levels of entropy indicating a more disordered (chaotic) system. Results were subjected to further statistical analyses of significance. Entropy values were calculated for patients versus controls. For all channels combined, patients with absence epilepsy showed (statistically significant) lower entropy values than controls. The size of the difference in entropy values was not uniform, with certain EEG electrodes consistently showing greater differences than others.     

基于弹性变分模态分解的癫痫脑电信号分类方法

癫痫脑电信号分类对于癫痫诊治具有重要意义.为了实现病灶性与非病灶性癫痫脑电信号的分类,本文利用弹性网回归重构变分模态分解算法,提出弹性变分模态分解算法并将其应用到所提癫痫脑电信号分类方法中.该方法先将原信号分割成多个子信号,并对各子信号进行弹性变分模态分解,然后从分解后的不同变分模态函数中提取精细复合多尺度散布熵作为特征,最后利用支持向量机进行分类.针对癫痫脑电的公共数据集,最终的实验结果表明,准确率、灵敏度和特异度三个性能指标分别达到92.54%,93.22%和91.86%.     

相空间中脑电近似熵和信息熵的计算

提出一种基于相空间重构脑电信号来计算脑电近似熵和信息熵的新方法．实验计算结果表明，癫痫患者脑电和正常人脑电的近似熵和信息熵随相空间嵌入维数的变化有明显的不同．     

Construction and Application of Functional Brain Network Based on Entropy

Functional brain network (FBN) is an intuitive expression of the dynamic neural activity interaction between different neurons, neuron clusters, or cerebral cortex regions. It can characterize the brain network topology and dynamic properties. The method of building an FBN to characterize the features of the brain network accurately and effectively is a challenging subject. Entropy can effectively describe the complexity, non-linearity, and uncertainty of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. As a relatively new research direction, the research of the FBN construction method based on EEG data of fatigue driving has broad prospects. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the entropy-based FBN construction. We focus on selecting appropriate entropy features to characterize EEG signals and construct an FBN. On the real data set of fatigue driving, FBN models based on different entropies are constructed to identify the state of fatigue driving. Through analyzing network measurement indicators, the experiment shows that the FBN model based on fuzzy entropy can achieve excellent classification recognition rate and good classification stability. In addition, when compared with the other model based on the same data set, our model could obtain a higher accuracy and more stable classification results even if the length of the intercepted EEG signal is different.