Open resonators with thin dielectric plates

We develop the approximate theory of the open resonator with spherical mirrors and a thin dielectric plate. The dependences of eigenfrequencies on the dielectric permittivity of the plate and its thickness are determined. It is shown that in the case where the plate is located in the resonator midplane, the dependences of eigenfrequencies of even and odd modes on the plate thickness are significantly different. The developed theory is used to measure the dielectric permittivity of thin plates. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 219–226, March 2006.     

Achieving a multi-band metamaterial perfect absorber via a hexagonal ring dielectric resonator

A multi-band absorber composed of high-permittivity hexagonal ring dielectric resonators and a metallic ground plate is designed in the microwave band.Near-unity absorptions around 9.785 GHz,11.525 GHz,and 12.37 GHz are observed for this metamaterial absorber.The dielectric hexagonal ring resonator is made of microwave ceramics with high permittivity and low loss.The mechanism for the near-unity absorption is investigated via the dielectric resonator theory.It is found that the absorption results from electric and magnetic resonances where enhanced electromagnetic fields are excited inside the dielectric resonator.In addition,the resonance modes of the hexagonal resonator are similar to those of standard rectangle resonators and can be used for analyzing hexagonal absorbers.Our work provides a new research method as well as a solid foundation for designing and analyzing dielectric metamaterial absorbers with complex shapes.     

Three-Mirror Resonance Circuit of Magnetic Low-Temperature Radiospectrometer

The paper presents theoretical and experimental results of investigation of three-mirror open resonator as resonance circuit of magnetic low-temperature radiospectrometer. This resonator is formed by two metal mirrors, placed on the dielectric prism facets, and a dielectric one similar the dielectric-air interface. The conditions of maximum Q-factor and even distribution of electromagnetic field on a sample are obtained. The non-linearity area for different parameters of open resonator is determined. The advantage of the three-mirror OR is the control by the coupling coefficient of the OR with the sample under study that is a principal thing in this case.     

Self-radiation from arrays of niobium Josephson junctions embedded in the open resonator

This paper focuses on self-radiation from arrays of Josephson junctions embedded in a quasi-optical resonator. The mechanism of coupling this radiation to the principal mode of the open resonator is illustrated using experiments and simulations with CST microwave studio software. Comparing the microstrips and dielectric resonators used as the antennas of the series arrays of discrete Josephson junctions, we demonstrate that the dielectric resonator antennas are more effective than microstrips.     

Open resonator for measuring high-losses dielectric

The three-mirror open resonator (OR) with the prism of total-internal-reflection (TIR) for measuring dielectric constants of high-losses dielectrics is presented. The calculations of the resonator characteristics in approximation of wave beams have been carried out. Parameters of the system such as coupling gap value and dielectric constant of the prism which provide the high sensitivity of experiment were determined.     

Calculation of the resonance frequencies of an open dielectric axially symmetric resonator of piecewise constant radius

An algorithm is suggested for calculating the resonance frequencies of open dielectric axially symmetric resonators of piecewise constant radius suitable for an arbitrary layered axially symmetric dielectric filling. The resonator is placed into a case with ideally conducting walls of a sufficiently large radius. Cases are analyzed where the resonator structure is partly coated with a perfect conductor.     

Submillimeter-wave dielectric measurements using an open-resonator

The open resonator method for dielectric measurements is developed in the submillimeter-wave region. This method, different from usual laser methods is based on the sweeping of resonator length. The conventional theory developed in the millimeter-wave region is improved so as to make measurements possible with resonable precision even in this frequency region and the design criterion of an optimum resonator at around 890 GHz (₀=337m) is presented. Finally, the measurements are performed for several kinds of low loss material and it is confirmed that the present method becomes a useful one in the submillimeter-wave region.     

Ku波段开腔电介质高温自动测量系统

介绍了一种测量低损耗天线罩材料的开腔高温自动测量系统。该系统采用扫频方式程控标量网络分析仪对开腔进行扫频测量,得到介质加载前后腔体的谐振频率与Q值,并由此计算出被测材料的介电常数和损耗角正切;介质采用特制硅碳管加热,由温度控制器对其控制,最高温度可达1 000 ℃以上。用此系统对聚四氟乙烯和一种低损耗天线罩材料进行测量对比。结果表明,测得的聚四氟乙烯结果与文献结果相近,天线罩材料相对介电常数的实部随温度升高而增加。     

薄板型介质材料复介电常数的无损测量

采用带法兰结构的TE01n圆柱谐振腔,用无损检测的方法测量薄板型微波介质材料的复介电常数。利用轴向模式匹配法对谐振腔内的电磁场进行了求解,给出了相对介电常数和损耗角正切的计算公式,并利用矢量网络分析仪对几种常用微波介质材料进行了测量,其结果表明：该测量方法对相对介电常数的测量误差不超过1%,而对损耗角正切的测量误差不超过10%。该方法还具备一腔多模的测试能力,测量频率可调,可用于介质材料频率特性的测量。     

Free space excitation of novel “Fractional” whispering gallery mode dielectric resonators

Solutions to the main problems that limit the sensitivity of an electron magnetic resonance (EMR) spectrometer on the basis of a whispering gallery mode dielectric resonator (WGMDR) are presented. The electromagnetic losses in the transition regions between the overmoded metallic waveguide, the overmoded dielectric waveguide and the mono-mode dielectric waveguide can be avoided by the free space excitation of the resonator that is proved to be very effective for suitably designed resonators. The EMR measurements on high-dielectric-loss samples can be safely developed employing the novel class of “fractional” WGMDRs, in which the usual traveling wave resonator is modified in a structurally stationary wave resonator. Several peculiarities of a fractional WGMDR, investigated both theoretically and experimentally, evidence the advantages of the application of this class of WGMDRs to EMR spectroscopy.     

Ku波段开腔电介质高温自动测量系统

 介绍了一种测量低损耗天线罩材料的开腔高温自动测量系统。该系统采用扫频方式程控标量网络分析仪对开腔进行扫频测量,得到介质加载前后腔体的谐振频率与Q值,并由此计算出被测材料的介电常数和损耗角正切;介质采用特制硅碳管加热,由温度控制器对其控制,最高温度可达1 000 ℃以上。用此系统对聚四氟乙烯和一种低损耗天线罩材料进行测量对比。结果表明,测得的聚四氟乙烯结果与文献结果相近,天线罩材料相对介电常数的实部随温度升高而增加。     

A nonradiative approach to single-mode dielectric resonators

The development of a single-mode dielectric resonator specifically designed for high-frequency paramagnetic resonance applications is discussed. The use of dielectric resonators is expected to give better performances in comparison to metallic cavities, as well established at low frequency. The relatively low dielectric constant of the common good-quality materials at high frequency requires the presence of a metallic shielding in order to obtain an efficient single-mode operation. The configuration proposed in this paper concerns a partially open structure in which the confinement of the radiation is guaranteed by the forbidden propagation around the dielectric region. By this way a single-mode resonator can be obtained for arbitrary values of the employed dielectric constant. The complex resonance frequencies and the field distributions and intensity can then be obtained even in the presence of a lossy sample. An efficient excitation scheme, fully compatible with the common electron paramagnetic resonance setups, has been developed exploiting the nonradiative nature of the proposed device. Preliminary measurements around 90 and 186 GHz have been then successfully realized. Finally, the specific benefits of the proposed resonator have been discussed and compared with the performances of a conventional metallic cavity.     

The dispersion and matching characteristics of the helicalresonator plasma source

The dispersion characteristics and the fields of a helical resonator are obtained. The coil is approximated by a helical current layer with infinite conductivity along the current direction (a “sheath helix”). The plasma column is modeled as a cylindrical dielectric in which the dielectric losses can be neglected in determining the propagation properties of the resonator. Assuming the plasma losses are known, the model can be used to study the matching of the helical resonator to an external power source which is connected to the helix by a tap. The resonator is modeled as a parallel connection of two transmission line segments on each side of the tap position. We determine the efficiency of power transfer to the resonator as a function of the tap position driving frequency, and plasma loading. We find that whereas for a small plasma loading it is possible to achieve perfect matching, there exists a critical value of plasma loading beyond which a perfect match is no longer possible     

Open resonators for low dielectric loss measurements

Open resonators are studied based on the scattering theory. In particular, a theory of open resonators with a dielectric plate is constructed. This theory is used to develop a technique for measuring small dielectric loss. Measurements of the loss tangent in diamond plates show that the volume absorption in the best samples is ≈7×10^?6 in the high-frequency part of the millimeter-wave range. A significant absorption in thin surface layers that is caused by surface treatment techniques (polishing, vacuum soldering, etc.) is revealed.     

Whispering-gallery modes in a barrel-shaped dielectric resonator

We experimentally study a new type of resonator, namely, a barrel-shaped dielectric resonator with whispering-gallery modes which is formed by the cutting dielectric hemisphere. Compared with a hemispherical dielectric resonator, the E type oscillation spectrum of such a resonator is rarefied with respect to the azimuthal index. Comparative analysis of the electromagnetic characteristics of the barrel-shaped dielectric resonator and half-disk dielectric resonators shows that the radiation losses of the mode energy from the spherical surface are smaller than those from the cylindrical surface. This fact stimulates the high values of the internal Q-factor of modes of the barrel-shaped dielectric resonator. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 48, No. 12, pp. 1041–1048, December 2005.     

Excitation loss of open resonators

Reported here are the results on level and structure of the radiated field of an open resonator at and off resonance. On the basis of the modelling problem rigorous solution and the measurements at 4-millimeter wavelength we find there are no ways to compensate the radiated field from an open electromagnetic structure at resonance. Analysis of open resonator excitation efficiency shows that the mismatch loss of a slot-fed open resonator runs to 34% while at the aperture-feed excitation this is not more than 6% for the same-geometry resonator.     

Open Resonator System for Automatic and Precise Dielectric Measurement at Millimeter Wavelengths

As low loss dielectric materials, ZnS, MgF₂, MgAl₂O₄ and quartz ceramic have a very important application at millimeter frequencies. However, there is little information about their dielectric properties in the millimeter wavelength band. To obtain their dielectric properties, an automatic open resonator measurement system at Ka-band is designed and constructed. The importance on the precision determination of cavity length over a broad band and the checking of a measurement system are emphasized and their solutions are put forward in this paper for the first time so far as we know. The solutions of above problems ensure the credibility and high accuracy of our measurement system. The certified measurement system after a series of checking is used to measure the above materials. Lots of measurement results show that the standard deviation of measurement error is less than 0.154% in permittivity and 20.42% in loss tangent. Meanwhile, some experimental summaries on the open resonator technique are provided. Software that controls the measurement system is developed and it improves the testing efficiency greatly.     

薄板型介质材料复介电常数的无损测量

采用带法兰结构的TE01n圆柱谐振腔,用无损检测的方法测量薄板型微波介质材料的复介电常数。利用轴向模式匹配法对谐振腔内的电磁场进行了求解,给出了相对介电常数和损耗角正切的计算公式,并利用矢量网络分析仪对几种常用微波介质材料进行了测量,其结果表明:该测量方法对相对介电常数的测量误差不超过1%,而对损耗角正切的测量误差不超过10%。该方法还具备一腔多模的测试能力,测量频率可调,可用于介质材料频率特性的测量。     

Energy trapping in high-frequency vibrations of piezoelectric plates with partial mass layers under lateral electric field excitation

We study coupled face-shear (FS) and thickness-twist (TT) motions of a piezoelectric plate of monoclinic crystals with mass layers on the central parts of the plate surfaces. The plate is driven by a lateral electric field. Mindlin’s first-order theory of piezoelectric plates is used. An analytical solution is obtained. Numerical results are presented for an AT-cut quartz plate, including the motional capacitance of the plate as a resonator and the vibration modes trapped under the mass layers in the central portion of the plate. The relationship between the dimension of the mass layers and the number of trapped modes is examined.     

介质谐振器法测量高温超导薄膜微波表面电阻的误差分析

用微扰法研究了两端接地型蓝宝石介质谐振器测量高温超导薄膜微波表面电阻R_S的误差与几何结构和工作频率的关系.结果表明,介质柱直径与高度之比2a/L,金属屏蔽腔内半径与介质柱半径之比b/a以及工作频率f对测量误差和最小可测表面电阻R_smin有很大影响.所得到的曲线可用于蓝宝石介质谐振器的设计中.结果还表明,适当选取2a/L,b/a与f可使测量误差接近于1%,最小可测表面电阻R_smin可达到微欧姆的数量级.这对于高温超导薄膜的检测和微波器件应用说 关键词： 介质谐振器 高温超导薄膜 微波表面电阻 误差分析