用传递函数法优化光学公差

用光学传递函数法制定公差适用于大像差光学系统。传递函数对公差的导数反映了公差对像质的影响程度。在批量生产中，加工误差符合概率统计规律，这就使我们能够借助于传递函数对公差的导数建立起加工误差与传递函数公差的关系式，从而保证光学系统的性能指标。本文应用此法得到的优化公差结果，对用计算机模拟加工的２０组镜头进行评价后，合格率达到了６０％，再加入装校时人工调整因素，合格率上升到８０％。     

基于CETOL平台的中国聚变工程实验堆真空室三维公差分析

利用CATIA平台的CETOL公差分析软件对中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)真空室进行了公差分析,在三维实体模型的基础上对目标进行模型简化和剖分。根据真空室整体装配性要求对公差进行分配,建立公差分析模型。通过敏感度和贡献度分析,确定影响目标公差的关键尺寸,对不合理的公差进行重新分配,以达到满足目标尺寸的公差要求,确保真空室的制造及装配质量。     

基于CETOL平台的中国聚变工程实验堆真空室三维公差分析

利用CATIA平台的CETOL公差分析软件对中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)真空室进行了公差分析,在三维实体模型的基础上对目标进行模型简化和剖分。根据真空室整体装配性要求对公差进行分配,建立公差分析模型。通过敏感度和贡献度分析,确定影响目标公差的关键尺寸,对不合理的公差进行重新分配,以达到满足目标尺寸的公差要求,确保真空室的制造及装配质量。     

小口径高精度折射式光学系统装调公差的分析与控制

采用小口径高精度折射式光学系统的对地观测遥感器对成像质量要求严格,随之对装调公差要求苛刻。传统装调公差分配完全以光学设计给定公差为标准,在实际装调过程中与精度和周期的需求产生矛盾。提出将光学设计和装调实践相结合,用全过程仿真计算进行成像质量预估,对公差进行再分配,并利用光学系统各分离误差相互间的补偿,实时调整公差。然后举例说明在某小口径高精度折射式光学系统装调过程中对公差的具体分析,并详细阐述了针对公差的再分配和补偿方法,实现对偏心误差的控制精度为2,对镜间距的控制精度为1 m。镜头装调完成后成像性能良好,证明公差分配及控制方法的改进使装调效率显著提高。     

浸没式光刻照明系统中会聚镜的设计及公差分析

为了实现掩膜面的均匀照明，采用非球面技术对浸没式光刻照明系统中会聚镜进行了设计，并对影响系统远心度的误差源进行了分析。设计的会聚镜数值孔径的一致性偏差在0.2%以内，像方远心度小于0.2 mrad，以系统的远心度变化0.1 mrad，数值孔径一致性变化0.1%，点列图变化20 μm，焦距变化0.1 mm为公差基础值，计算出会聚镜的厚度公差为±0.02 mm~±0.05 mm，单面倾斜10″~20″。该浸没式光刻照明系统中会聚镜的设计合理，制定的公差可行，能够满足硅片面上照明非均匀性小于3%的要求。     

面向经济公差应用的波像差拟合研究

利用二阶泰勒形式表示公差与波像差的函数关系，依据差分光线追迹法，通过光线追迹理论推导完善了偏心和倾斜两种公差关于波像差的一阶导数计算公式，利用依次求导和公式移项两种方法建立波像差的二阶导数模型。结果表明：依次求导法的求解过程复杂，应用范围受到限制，只可用于光学后截距分析；公式移项法所需的追迹像质次数少，且拟合效果良好，残差平方和处于10^-7～10^-6量级；所提方法可对光学系统进行有效的经济公差分配。     

基于线性模型的聚焦光学系统静态公差优化算法

为了实现聚焦光学系统中元件公差的自动分配,在实验室自主研发的OTS实际光线追迹软件平台构建公差分析模块,并据此完成元件公差的优化.依据光学矩阵理论,以公差的线性模型为基础,从评价函数、元件公差分配和反馈系数三个方面研究公差优化问题,结合蒙特卡罗方法和数值分析,有效的为各光学元件制定了合理的加工公差.采用结合元件敏感度的公差分配方式,根据现存的问题提出自适应优化法,并给出了相应实现方法.搭建了多元件双通光学系统验证实际情况中公差模型的正确性.实例计算表明,该方式使优化平均迭代次数下降了两轮,相比Zemax分析过程,在结果差异不大的情况下总运行时间下降了40%,表明了算法的合理性.整个分析流程对实际的光学系统加工装配具有一定参考价值.     

拼接衍射望远镜的失调误差分析

拼接衍射望远镜的失调误差对光学系统的成像质量有重要影响,为此对拼接菲涅耳透镜的失调误差进行公差分析,推导基于瑞利准则的失调误差的理论计算公式,对包含口径为1.5 m的拼接主镜和消色差光路的光学系统进行公差分析。仿真结果表明,公差范围内的波前像差均满足瑞利判据与斯特列尔比,因此该公差分析可为衍射望远镜的装调和检测提供有效的理论指导。     

多光谱相机光学系统公差分析与研究

光学系统公差的合理制定是影响相机总体性能的主要因素。首先针对光学系统设计的指标要求,综合考虑空间环境适应性、结构布局等因素,采用像方远心光路,设计离轴三反多光谱相机光学系统;运用公差的灵敏度分析和反转灵敏度分析,计算系统内各公差参数对相机各谱段成像质量的影响,给出合理的公差要求及合适的补偿调整参数。按给定的公差要求,加工、装调了具有较高成像质量的光学系统。实验检测结果表明,相机静态传递函数在全视场所有谱段的实测值均在0.243以上,满足指标要求,制定的公差合理、可行,验证了公差分析与研究方法的正确性。     

引力波望远镜的装调误差对TTL耦合噪声的影响

本文研究了引力波望远镜的装调误差对望远镜的TTL(tilt-to-length,角度抖动与光程读出之间的)耦合噪声的影响。保持其他参量不变,仅对引力波望远镜中的某项装调公差进行赋值,仿真分析引力波望远镜中的某项装调公差对出瞳位置变化的影响,进而计算出激光干涉信号经过全玻璃激光干涉仪最终在四象限光电探测器上进行干涉时,由于引力波望远镜的装调公差的存在导致的TTL耦合噪声的变化情况。通过对比发现,引力波望远镜的主镜与次镜的距离公差,对引力波望远镜的TTL耦合噪声的影响大于其他光学元件之间的距离公差对TTL耦合噪声的影响。主镜和次镜之间的距离公差导致的TTL耦合噪声的变化与次镜和三镜之间的距离公差、三镜和四镜之间的距离公差导致的TTL耦合噪声的变化符号相反;光阑和主镜之间的距离装调公差对TTL耦合噪声的变化影响很小,可以忽略不计。各个光学元件的距离装调公差导致的TTL耦合噪声的变化量与抖动角度之间呈抛物线规律分布。在装调空间引力波望远镜时,应着重控制主镜与次镜之间的距离误差。并且可以使用次镜和三镜之间的距离装调误差、三镜和四镜之间的距离装调误差导致的TTL耦合噪声来抵消由装调主镜和次镜之间的...     

SoK: Benchmarking the Performance of a Quantum Computer

The quantum computer has been claimed to show more quantum advantage than the classical computer in solving some specific problems. Many companies and research institutes try to develop quantum computers with different physical implementations. Currently, most people only focus on the number of qubits in a quantum computer and consider it as a standard to evaluate the performance of the quantum computer intuitively. However, it is quite misleading in most times, especially for investors or governments. This is because the quantum computer works in a quite different way than classical computers. Thus, quantum benchmarking is of great importance. Currently, many quantum benchmarks are proposed from different aspects. In this paper, we review the existing performance benchmarking protocols, models, and metrics. We classify the benchmarking techniques into three categories: physical benchmarking, aggregative benchmarking, and application-level benchmarking. We also discuss the future trend for quantum computer’s benchmarking and propose setting up the QTOP100.     

Computer modeling of sound propagation in the ocean with fractal inhomogeneities

The wave-field computer code based on the wide-angle parabolic equation is modified and adapted to the problems of sound scattering in a medium with anisotropic inhomogeneities of fractal type. To verify the computer code, a model numerical experiment on determining the angular dependence of the scattered sound field is performed for different anisotropy coefficients of the sound speed inhomogeneities. The comparison of the computed data with the theoretical dependences shows their rather good agreement and indicates that the computer code can be applied to calculations of sound propagation in the ocean with fine-structure inhomogeneities possessing fractal properties.     

A frequency-domain formulation of the Fréchet derivative to exploit the inherent parallelism of the distorted Born iterative method

With its consideration for nonlinear scattering phenomena, the distorted Born iterative method (DBIM) is known to provide images superior to those of linear tomographic methods. However, the complexity involved with the production of superior images has prevented DBIM from overtaking simpler imaging schemes in commercial applications. The iterative process and need to solve the forward-scattering problem multiple times make DBIM a slow algorithm compared to diffraction tomography. Fortunately, as computer prices continue to decline, it is becoming easier to assemble large, distributed computer clusters from low-cost personal computer systems. These are well-suited to DBIM inversions, and offer great promise in accelerating the method. Traditional frequency-domain DBIM formulations produce an image by inverting the Fréchet derivative. If the derivative is treated as a matrix, it is costly to construct and awkward to invert on distributed computer systems. This paper presents an interpretation of the Fréchet derivative that is ideal for parallel-computing applications. As a bonus, this formulation reduces the storage requirements of DBIM implementations, making it possible to invert larger problems on a fixed system.     

计算机模拟偏振对激光全息的影响

通过计算机对多束激光相干产生的空间干涉光场进行模拟,归纳出光束偏振态改变时,激光相干产生光学晶格效果的变化规律,提供了激光全息技术中激光束偏振态的最佳组合,使激光全息技术制作理想的亚微米单晶结构更方便快捷.还通过实验验证了理论模拟结果,实验结果与计算机模拟结果完全一致 关键词： 激光全息技术 偏振态 光学晶格 光子晶体     

某型飞机机载计算机检测仪测试软件设计

针对引俄检测仪规定的机载计算机硬件检测功能和作战训练对机载计算机软件逻辑功能校验的需求,设计了基于嵌入式计算机平台和虚拟测试环境的计算机检测仪测试软件。阐述了检测仪的总体结构,较为详细的介绍了检测仪软件的组成、运行流程和控制状态设计,软件设计过程中采用了逆向工程、双语兼容和被测软件模板对比等关键技术。该测试软件已经在某型飞机机载计算机检测仪安装使用,实用证明其操作方便,运行稳定可靠,能够提高训练和作战准备工作的效率。     

On the size dependences of the crystal-liquid phase transition parameters

A comparatively simple method is proposed for calculating the size dependences of the latent heat, volume jumps, and the interfacial surface energy for the crystal-liquid phase transition proceeding from the results of experiments (real or computer) on determining size dependences of the melting point and the crystallization temperature. The method is tested on the basis of computer simulation data for copper, gold, aluminum, and nickel nanoparticles and experimental data for tin.     

超流氦获取实验液位数据采集与测试系统研究

针对超流氦获取与传输实验设计的数据采集系统由控制柜、工控机、显示器三部分组成。使用板卡PCI-1620对工控机的串口进行扩展,使系统能够同时采集8个RS232信号。其中液位信息是非常重要的物性参数,针对获取与传输实验液氦杜瓦设计定制的超导液位计,能够与整个测控系统一起完成液位信息的采集、转换和记录。     

Simulation of the influence of the tip radius on the sensitivity of an atomic force microscope

The atomic-force-microscopic image of an isoforce surface with a defect is obtained for the first time by computer simulation. The dependence of the computer image of a surface pentavacancy on the tip radius is thoroughly investigated. It is shown that the resolving power increases as the tip radius is diminished. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 67, 70–75 (December 1997)     

A computer-aided procedure for selecting the optimal corrective absorption in rooms

This paper describes a simple, flexible computer procedure which can aid the acoustic designer in selecting the absorbing treatments needed to fit the reverberation time/frequency curve of an enclosure between assigned limits. For normal real life situations the procedure can be implemented on a personal computer. A program list in BASIC for an APPLE II computer is given.     

Realization of the quantum Fourier transform and simulation of a wave function on a quantum computer with fixed continuous interaction

A model of a quantum computer with diagonal continuous interaction between qubits is proposed. Such a computer is controlled only by short single-qubit operations. The realization of quantum Fourier transform and simulation of the wave function of a many-particle problem with linear and quadratic potentials on this quantum computer are discussed. This method applies to a wide class of diagonal interactions and to the case, where the interactions of different qubits are different.