利用CIRAS-3光合仪获取有效数据的探讨

CIRAS-3便携式光合仪经常在野外使用,如操作不当,可能导致测定数据难以稳定或者偏差过大,降低了测试效率,也影响研究进度.为使初学者能够快速掌握光合仪的正确操作方法,做到正确使用并获取有效的光合数据,根据使用经验,对CIRAS-3光合仪的测试原理、操作方法、注意事项、维护和保养、常见问题解决5个方面进行了分析,以期为...     

CO2刺激响应聚合物

CO2刺激响应性聚合物是新近发展起来的一类智能型刺激响应聚合物,是指在通入和排出CO2后,聚合物性质能够发生可逆性变化的新型聚合物。由于调控过程中仅仅涉及CO2以及一些惰性气体而不引入其他杂质,因此具有多方面的潜在应用价值。本文调研了这方面的工作,综述了几类CO2刺激响应聚合物的合成及其自组装,并指出了CO2刺激响应聚合物的应用前景和发展方向。     

MgO/Al2O3吸附剂对CO2动态吸附性能的研究

以γ- Al₂O₃为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制取MgO/Al₂O₃吸附剂,利用BET、XRD等表征手段对吸附剂进行表征;并通过固定床测量穿透曲线的方法研究其对CO2动态吸附性能的影响,考察了MgO负载量、吸附温度、气体流量等因素对吸附剂吸附CO₂性能的影响,同时还通过多次吸脱附实验考察MgO/Al₂O₃吸附剂的稳定性和再生能力。结果表明,MgO负载量为10%的吸附剂,吸附温度在50℃左右,流量为45mL/min动态吸附量最大;经数次循环后材料的结构性质和吸附性能未见明显变化,可再生性能比较优异,是一种潜在的可工业化应用的CO₂吸附剂。     

CO2响应型Pickering乳液的构筑及应用

互不相溶的油/水两相在固体颗粒的作用下,其中一相以小液滴形式溶于另一相中形成的乳液称为Pickering乳液。由于其制备成本低、稳定性强且环境友好,目前已应用于医药、食品及化妆品等多个领域。在实际的应用中,具有长期稳定性质和可快速乳化/破乳的乳液在石油开采、催化等领域需求广泛,因而制备具有环境刺激响应性质的Pickering乳液迫在眉睫。与pH、磁场、温度、光等刺激手段相比,CO₂响应型乳液具有廉价易得、无污染、响应迅速、生物相容性好等优势,是解决产品循环回收问题的有效策略。目前CO₂刺激响应型Pickering乳液体系仍处于研究的初级阶段,且该乳液的响应机制、构筑策略仍有待明确和拓展。本文总结了Pickering乳液的稳定/响应机制,综述了CO₂响应型Pickering乳化剂的种类及构筑策略,列举了其在乳液聚合、界面催化、生物医药领域的应用进展,并展望了其未来的发展前景。     

Ga2O3催化剂上CO2气氛中丙烷脱氢反应的研究

考察了Ga2O3对于丙烷脱氢和CO2气氛脱氢反应的催化性能. 结果表明, Ga2O3具有较高的催化活性, 其性能优于传统的Cr2O3脱氢催化剂. 催化反应可能经过了一个丙烷异裂的过程, 其中CO2是通过逆水煤气反应和Boudouard反应来促进催化剂性能的, 在高于823 K时该促进作用更为明显. 催化剂的催化活性和其表面酸密度密切相关, 在Ga2O3结构中, 四配位Ga3+是其酸位的来源, 并通过质子与氧化物的共同作用促进反应进行. 催化剂的失活是由于表面的积碳和活性氧的消耗共同造成的. 同时还对Ga2O3作为丙烷脱氢反应的催化剂的催化反应机理进行了初步探讨.     

沉淀法结合超临界CO2干燥制备纳米γ-Al2O3

纳米γ-Al2O3具备多孔性、高比表面积、良好的吸附性、热稳定性和表面酸性[1,2],用作吸附剂和催化剂(及其载体),是催化剂载体领域应用最为广泛的品种[3～6].制备纳米氧化铝的方法有很多,大致可分为固相法、液相法、气相法等.     

蜂窝状CuO和Fe2O3纳米管协同光电还原CO2

采用阳极氧化法在Fe上原位生长直立有序的Fe2O3纳米管阵列,脉冲电沉积法将蜂窝状CuO组装到Fe2O3NTs上,得到CuO HCs/Fe2O3NTs催化剂.结果表明:Fe2O3NTs呈"火山状"规则生长,蜂窝状CuO均匀分布在Fe2O3NTs表面.修饰后,材料的能隙由原来的2.03 eV窄化为1.84 eV.同时发现该催化剂具有优良的光催化还原性能和电催化还原性能,光电催化还原CO2的主要生成产物为甲醇,甲醇在6 h时含量峰值为3.77 mmol/L.该研究对光电催化还原CO2有一定的指导和借鉴意义.     

甲酸辅助Cu-ZnO-Al2O3催化剂制备及其CO2加氢制甲醇性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备Cu/Zn/Al前驱体,经甲酸处理后N₂气氛焙烧得到Cu-ZnO-Al₂O₃催化剂(CZA)用于CO₂加氢制甲醇反应。使用XRD、BET、TG-DSC、SEM、H₂-TPR、N₂O滴定、XPS-AES、CO₂-TPD表征技术对催化剂的物相组成、结构性质以及Cu物种的比表面积、分散度以及价态分布进行分析和讨论。结果表明,甲酸处理调节了催化剂中Cu⁺与Cu⁰的比例,同时增加催化剂的中强碱性,并提高甲醇选择性。在W/F(H₂/CO₂=70/23)=10 g·h/mol、t=200℃、p=3 MPa反应条件下,使用HCOOH/Cu(物质的量比)=0.8甲酸处理获得的催化剂,CO₂转化率6.7%,甲醇选择性达76.3%。     

CO2-adsorbent spongy electrode for non-aqueous Li–O2 batteries

Regulation of the Li₂CO₃ byproduct is the most critical challenge in the field of non-aqueous Li–O₂ batteries.Although considerable efforts have been devoted to preventing Li₂CO₃ formation,no approaches have suggested the ultimate solution of utilizing the clean Li₂O₂ reaction instead of that of Li₂CO₃.Even if extremely pure O₂ is used in a Li–O₂ cell,its complete elimination is impossible,eventually generating CO₂ gas during charge.In this paper,we present the new concept of a CO₂-adsorbent spongy electrode(CASE),which is designed to trap the evolved CO₂ using adsorption materials.Various candidates composed of amine functional groups(–NH2)for capturing CO₂ were screened,with quadrapurebenzylamine(QPBZA)exhibiting superior CO₂-adsorbing ability among the proposed candidates.Accordingly,we fabricated the CASE by sandwiching QPBZA between porous carbon layers,which facilitated the transport of gaseous products.The new electrode was demonstrated to effectively capture the evolved CO₂ during charge,therefore altering the reaction pathways to the ideal case.It is highly advantageous to mitigate the undesirable CO₂ incorporation in the next discharge,resulting in improved cyclability.This novel concept of a CO₂-sponging electrode provides an alternative route to the realization of practically meaningful Li–O₂ batteries.     

Fe2O3晶型对Fe基催化剂的CO2加氢性能影响

以共沉淀法制备FeAl母体,采用浸渍法添加Zn、K和Cu助剂制成催化剂,利用低温N2物理吸附、XRD、H2-TPR等手段对FeAl母体和催化剂进行表征,并用固定床反应器考察它们的CO₂加氢反应性能。XRD结果表明,加入Al助剂、并采用无水乙醇洗涤沉淀能促进酌-Fe₂O₃晶相生成,其中,Al₂O₃/Fe₂O₃质量比为10%的母体具有最强的酌-Fe₂O₃衍射峰;加入Al使得母体中的a-Fe₂O₃晶粒粒径变小,引起比表面积明显增大;浸渍助剂过程没有改变上述两种效应。母体比表面积增大提高了助剂Cu的分散度,促进了催化剂还原,但酌-Fe₂O₃晶相的生成才是催化剂的CO₂加氢反应活性被提高的主要原因。     

Spektralphotometrische Bestimmung des Urans in Erzen und Kernbrennstoffen als Na4[UO2(CO3)3] bzw. K4[UO2(CO3)3]

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Effect of CO2 on O2 photo-adsorption on anatase

The presence of CO₂ on TiO₂ affects the process of oxygen photo-adsorption depending on the hydroxylation state of the surface. In dehydroxylated samples CO₂ blocks the formation of O ₃ ^– and O ₂ ^– . On H₂O₂/TiO₂ samples pretreated in the range of 150–200°C it leads to CO₂–O ₂ ^– species.

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, Cu(II). . .

     

Hydrogenation of CO2

The hydrogenation of CO₂ has been studied on three different series of catalysts: Fe/MgO, Ni/Ti, Cr/Zn doped with potassium. Reaction was carried out in a conventional flow microreactor system at 15 bar at 250–350°C. Three independent competing reactions: Reverse gas-water shift (RGWS), Fischer-Tropsch (FT) and methanol synthesis were observed.

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CO₂ : Fe/MgO, Ni/Ti, Cr/Zn . 15 250–350°C. : RGWS, F.T. .

     

CO2 fixation by hydrogenation over coprecipitated Co/Al2O3

CO₂ fixation by hydrogenation over coprecipitated 36 wt.% Co/Al₂O₃ has been studied under a range of reaction conditions to clarify the effects of reaction variables and to determine the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction. A comparison of the results with those reported for CO hydrogenation on the same catalyst indicates that, although product distributions of CO₂ and CO hydrogenation differ, the kinetics and mechanism are similar.     

An EELS study of CO2 and CO3 adsorbed on oxygen covered Ag(110)

The vibrational spectra of CO₂ and CO₃ adsorbed on Ag(110) was studied with high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). CO₂ does not adsorb on the clean surface at 100 K. EELS results show that preadsorbed atomic oxygen can induce adsorption and reaction with CO₂ to form a stable surface carbonate as well as a molecular CO₂ binding state at 100 K. The latter desorbs at 130 K while CO₃ decomposes to CO_2(g) and O_(a) at 480 K as shown by both EELS and thermal desorption. The vibrational spectrum of CO_2(a) bears remarkable similarities with CO₂ gas; both the strong asymmetric stretch at 2350 cm^? and the Fermi resonance are seen. EELS measurements performed as a function of annealing temperature indicate that the carbonate species binds with one oxygen down and the other two up with respect to the surface. Additionally, an irreversible conversion between this form and that with two oxygens down does not occur.     

Hydrocondensation of CO2: Reaction of CO2(CO)/H2 on CuO/ZnO contact masses

The hydrocondensation of CO₂ and CO with and without added MeOH, HCHO and (CH₃)₂CHOH has been studied on CuO/ZnO contact masses in a static reactor at different pressures and reaction times.

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CO₂ CO MeOH, HCHO (CH₃)₂CHOH CuO/ZnO .

     

Accurate Measurement of Raman Depolarization Ratio in Gaseous CO2

The Raman depolarization ratios of gaseous CO₂ in the spectral range of 1240-1430 cm^-1 are determined with a sensitive photoacoustic Raman spectroscopy, and more accurate data compared to the literature results are presented. The precision of the obtained depolarization ratio is achieved by measuring and fitting the dependence of the PARS signal intensity on the cross angle between the polarizations of two incident laser beams.     

g-C3N4/Bi2O2CO32D纳米片复合材料的制备及可见光催化性能研究

采用自组装和化学沉淀法分别制得两种可见光驱动复合材料石墨相氮化碳/碳酸氧铋(g-C_3N_4/Bi_2O_2CO_3).采用X射线衍射光谱(XRD),紫外可见光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、N_2吸附、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等分析手段对制备的催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,制备方法对纳米复合材料的晶相、形态及光学性能没有影响,但是影响g-C_3N_4和Bi_2O_2CO_3之间的相互作用力,导致光生电子-空穴对的分离速率存在显著差异.以可见光驱动苯酚和罗丹明B的降解实验为探针反应检测催化剂的光催化性能.实验结果表明自组装法得到的异质结催化剂中相互作用力更强,催化效果最高.O_2-是罗丹明B降解反应的主要活性物种,染料的光敏化、Bi_2O_2CO_3与g-C_3N_4综合效应,导致光生载流子电荷分离效率更高.     

Theoretical models for activation of CO2 towards hydration (CO2 + H2O → H2CO3) by cationic binding sites

Theoretical models are studied which illustrate how the hydration reaction CO₂ + H₂O → H₂CO₃ can be catalysed by one or two cationic binding sites (NH₄⁺). In the latter, the arrangement of the two bindings sites is held during the course of the reaction, simulating a rigid molecular receptor. Two different arrangements of the binding sites are studied, and their relative abilities to lower the activation energy of the hydration reaction are studied.