强化评价考核，推动科研设施与仪器开放共享

科研设施与仪器开放共享是我国科技体制改革的重要任务之一,评价考核是推动科研设施与仪器开放共享的重要抓手. 通过对当前中央级管理单位科研设施与仪器开放共享评价考核工作情况的分析,总结了评价考核呈现的特点:信息化手段、评价考核关键指标的引导作用及通过奖惩手段形成倒逼机制. 在此基础上,探讨了评价考核工作常态化、制度化的发展路径,针对评价考核的目标和当前存在的问题提出了对策建议,为科研设施与仪器开放共享评价考核可持续发展提供参考.     

三部委印发《国家重大科研基础设施和大型科研仪器开放共享管理办法》

<正>为落实《国务院关于国家重大科研基础设施和大型科研仪器向社会开放的意见》(国发[2014]70号),推动国家重大科研基础设施和大型科研仪器的开放共享,不久前科技部、发展改革委、财政部三部门共同研究制定了《国家重大科研基础设施和大型科研仪器开放共享管理办法》。该办法适用于中央级研究开发机构、高等院校以及其它机构。该办法所指的国家重大科研基础设施和大型科研仪器(以下简称科研设施与仪器)主要包括政府预算资金投入建设和购置的用于科学研究和技术开发活动的各类重大     

高校大型科研仪器开放共享运行机制探究

随着国内高等教育的快速发展,国家对高等教育事业投入经费的逐年增加,高校办学规模越来越大,高校购置的大型科研仪器也日益增多.如何科学购置大型科研仪器、减少重复投入、提高大型科研仪器开放率和利用率,是国内众多高校面临的棘手问题.针对目前高校大型科研仪器管理的现状和存在的问题,从完善制度、转变理念、经费投入、管理手段、人才队伍等方面,完善高校大型科研仪器开放共享运行机制,进一步提高高校大型科研仪器使用率,充分发挥大型科研仪器使用绩效.     

三部门联合开启仪器开放共享评价考核工作

正前不久科技部办公厅、财政部办公厅、教育部办公厅联合发布关于开展中央级高校和科研院所重大科研基础设施和大型科研仪器开放共享评价考核工作的通知。通知内容显示,本次评价考核范围为中央级高等学校和科研院所,以法人单位为考核对象,对其拥有的重大科研基础设施和原值50万元以上的大型科研仪器2017年度的开     

新工科背景下大型仪器培训体系的创新与实践——以扫描电镜为例

针对传统大型仪器培训体系存在的定位不准、内容不足、方案陈旧等局限性,结合“新工科”人才培养理念,围绕开放共享、科研导向、育人为本、安全高效的大型仪器培训方针,充分挖掘大型仪器设备的资源价值,释放科技资源潜力,初步建立了以扫描电镜为主体的远程培训、实体培训、应用培训、动态监管“四位一体”的新型大型仪器培训体系,形成了一个闭环的、高效的大型仪器培训管理模式,具有一定的推广和借鉴价值。     

强化管理机制, 推进科研设施与仪器开放共享

正重大科研基础设施和大型科研仪器是用于探索未知世界、发现自然规律、实现技术变革的重要科学研究工具. 近年来,我国科研设施与仪器建设投入持续增加,高校和科研院所原值50万元以上的大型科研仪器已超过10万台套. 2014年,《国务院关于国家重大科研基础设施和大型科研仪器向社会开放的意见》发布,各有关部门和科研单位围绕健全国家创新体系和提高全社会创新能力,加快推进科研设施与仪器开共享,为科技创新和社会需求服务,为实施创新驱动发展战略提供有效支撑     

国家重大科研基础设施和大型科研仪器开放共享讨论会在京召开

<正>为落实《国务院关于国家重大科研基础设施和大型科研仪器向社会开放的意见》(以下称《意见》),国家科技基础条件平台中心在北京召开国家重大科研基础设施和大型科研仪器开放共享讨论会。来自中国科学院化学所、中国科学院网络中心、中国科学院国家天文台、清华大学分析测试中心、中     

开放式的仪器分析实验:小分子和蛋白质相互作用研究*

介绍了一个内容开放式的仪器分析实验,涉及生命科学和分析化学领域的研究热点:小分子和蛋白质的相互作用研究。该实验需用到的仪器为荧光分光光度计,拓展实验部分需用到的仪器为紫外-可见分光光度计和傅里叶红外光谱仪。学生可以结合自己的需求和兴趣,自选蛋白质和小分子体系,不仅可以将科研热点融入基础实验教学,还可以最大化地发挥学生的主观能动性,培养学生独立分析问题、解决问题的能力。     

我国今年将建立仪器设备数据库

<正>中央全面深化改革领导小组第六次会议不久前审议通过了《关于国家重大科研基础设施和大型科研仪器向社会开放的意见》。科技部召开新闻通气会就意见中提到备受社会关注的如何解决科技资源分散、封闭、重复、低效等问题进行解读。随着科研设施与仪器数量、价值快速增长,利用率和共享水平不高的问题逐渐凸显。据科技部透露,2013年我国大型科学仪器年均有效工作机时为1 157 h,对外服务率为10.6%。对此,科技部发展计划司副司长蔡文沁表示,此次意见指导对象主要包括两大类:一部分是重大科研基础设施,这     

网上仪器展览隆重推出-仪器专场展示

由中国分析测试协会主办、仪器信息网 (ｗｗｗ .ｉｎｓｔｒｕｍｅｎｔ .ｃｏｍ .ｃｎ)承办的“网上仪器展览”(ｗｗｗ .ｎｅｔｓｈｏｗ .ｃｏｍ .ｃｎ)为让广大的分析工作者更好地介绍国内外先进可靠的分析仪器及其应用 ,从 3月份陆续开设气相色谱、紫外分光光度计、液相色谱、原子吸收、原子力显微镜、实验室常用设备等“仪器专场” ;同时在适当时候根据社会热点和关系国计民生的问题 ,开设“仪器应用专场” ,如室内环境检测、农残检测、食品安全检测等“应用专场” .各“仪器专场”将把同一类仪器、不同厂商的产品图片、介绍资料以及相关…     

三维三层次全开放实验教学模式下大学生创新能力的培养——以中级无机化学实验为例

The "three-dimensional and three-level fully open" laboratory teaching mode, namely a fully open mode including three-dimensionson time, space and content as well asthree-levels from basic laboratory, professional laboratory to scientific research laboratory, aims to motivate undergraduate students to fully participate in scientific research from time and "space", and to take the fully open mode including contents and instruments based on the individual needs and development of students. Through the exploration and practice for many years, it is found that the laboratory teaching mode is conducive to bring the principle part-students-into full play and to cultivate the students' scientific research and innovative ability, and furthermore to enrich the connotation of "Project of Undergraduate Teaching Quality". Thus, it can provide qualified talents with innovative spirit and ability, together with competitive strength for the construction of an innovation-oriented country in the future.     

蛋白–配体复合物的结构及其相互作用分子机制的虚拟仿真实验项目的建设与教学实践——COVID-19肺炎疫情防控时期线上教学的案例

The scale gap between the macro world and the micro world makes it impossible to directly observe the micro-structure, but chemical researchers must elucidate the properties of macro matter based on the micro-structure. Therefore, characterizing the micro-structure through the X-ray diffraction and other instruments is an important means to understand the micro world. However, it is hard for undergraduates to learn and understand the microstructure by using these scientific instruments due to the high instrumental running cost, complicated operation procedure and radiation safety issue. By integrating the construction concept of "combination of reality and practice", protein-ligand complexes crystallography research, the latest results of the theory of accurate prediction of ligand binding conformation, and the basic theoretical knowledge in the "Structural Chemistry Curriculum Group", we developed this virtual simulation experimental project by using modern information technology such as "3D virtual reality". This project will provide a useful method for the study of the theoretical foundation of chemistry, and development of thinking with chemical knowledge, scientific expression, and application abilities.     

研究生参与实验室大型仪器管理的探索

阐述了研究生参与大型仪器管理的必要性、运行机制及实施环节,建立了"统一管理,专人负责,用管结合,开放使用"的管理模式.实践证明,这一措施的实施对规范大型仪器管理、提高仪器利用率以及实验室科研项目顺利进行起到了积极促进作用.     

A MASSive Laboratory Tour. An Interactive Mass Spectrometry Outreach Activity for Children

It is imperative to fascinate young children at an early stage in their education for the analytical sciences. The exposure of the public to mass spectrometry presently increases rapidly through the common media. Outreach activities can take advantage of this exposure and employ mass spectrometry as an exquisite example of an analytical science in which children can be fascinated. The presented teaching modules introduce children to mass spectrometry and give them the opportunity to experience a modern research laboratory. The modules are highly adaptable and can be applied to young children from the age of 6 to 14 y. In an interactive tour, the students explore three major scientific concepts related to mass spectrometry; the building blocks of matter, charged particle manipulation by electrostatic fields, and analyte identification by mass analysis. Also, the students carry out a mass spectrometry experiment and learn to interpret the resulting mass spectra. The multistage, inquiry-based tour contains flexible methods, which teach the students current-day research techniques and possible applications to real research topics. Besides the scientific concepts, laboratory safety and hygiene are stressed and the students are enthused for the analytical sciences by participating in “hands-on” work. The presented modules have repeatedly been successfully employed during laboratory open days. They are also found to be extremely suitable for (early) high school science classes during laboratory visit-focused field trips.

加快推进国产科研仪器"进口替代"的思考

科学进步离不开科研仪器技术的发展, 科研仪器自主研制已成为我国促进技术创新的强劲动力和人才培养的重要平台. 飞船发射、航母制造、北斗导航等高科技重大突破离不开我国自行研制的高端科研仪器, 科技创新已成为当今各国提高综合国力的战略支撑. 每年我国对科研仪器的市场需求很大, 但进口仪器占比70%, 部分高端仪器更是100%依赖进口. 由于高、精、尖科研仪器的核心技术、关键零部件被国外封锁, 导致我国研发的高端科研仪器丧失国际竞争力. 针对上述现象, 通过对国产科研仪器目前现状分析, 就如何加强国家创新引导力来加快推进国产科研仪器高质量发展, 从而提升在国际市场的竞争力, 最终实现"进口替代"进行探讨.     

Metabolomics and metabolite profiling: past heroes and future developments

Following the sequencing of the human and other genomes, much research effort is now invested in post- genomic science, particularly in the related disciplines of proteomics and metabolomics. In this paper, we will attempt to provide an overview of mass spectrometry-based metabolomic strategies, discuss the evolution of metabolomics from its predecessor, Hmetabolite profiling", and provide some pointers to future methodological and technological direction. Current data from the authors' laboratory will also be presented, highlighting our efforts in the field of "targeted metabolomics", namely, "steroidomics in the brain".     

质谱平台的运行管理和开放共享

质谱法(mass spectrometry, MS)是现代分析仪器的一种重要技术. 以福州大学测试中心质谱平台为例, 介绍仪器基本配置和管理情况, 重点讨论一部分质谱仪开放共享的实践尝试及存在的问题, 希望能为同类型仪器的开放共享和科学管理提供一些参考.     

人教版高中化学必修模块教科书实验活动的分析与比较*——以2019年版教科书“实验”和“实验活动”栏目为例

以人教版高中化学必修模块教科书(2019年版)“实验”和“实验活动”栏目的实验活动为研究对象,采用Herron修正的“实验活动探究层次分类法”(LOLA)和笔者提出的“学生实验行为要求分类法”(RSBLA)对其进行分析,并与2007年版教科书进行对比。研究发现,2019年版教科书的实验活动探究层次处于层次1和层次2,学生行为要求为“观察”“记录实验现象”“回答与实验有关的问题”和“设计实验”。卡方检验表明,2019年版教科书和2007年版教科书“实验”栏目的实验活动探究层次分布比例和学生实验行为要求均存在显著性差异。     

Quantitative Determination of Copper: Combining Project-Based Laboratories with Single-Analyte Detection

A multiweek experiment is presented for use in undergraduate instrumental analysis courses. The experiment combines project-based laboratories and single-analyte detection to provide students with experience in method development and validation, and to give them a more realistic experience in the analytical laboratory. Working together as a team, students develop methods for the detection of an analyte (i.e., copper) in water samples using at least two spectroscopic instruments (e.g., ICP-AES, AA, UV-vis, fluorescence). Student teams are given only topical information about their projects, and must research and plan the analyses, learn the instrumental methods to be used, obtain figures of merit (e.g., detection limits) from Beers law plots, analyze commercial water samples, and produce a standard operating protocol for one of their methods, which will be validated by another team during a subsequent laboratory. Goals of this approach include promoting teamwork and building student confidence in approaching and operating unfamiliar instrumentation. Even more importantly, students are placed in the position of being scientists and having to make decisions and recommendations. Each step of the analytical process must be carefully considered, and its significance assessed as there are no recipes to follow as they develop their methods and make comparisons between different techniques for the determination of a single analyte.     

Etiology of potentially primordial biomolecular structures: from vitamin B12 to the nucleic acids and an inquiry into the chemistry of life's origin: a retrospective

"We'll never be able to know" is a truism that leads to resignation with respect to any experimental effort to search for the chemistry of life's origin. But such resignation runs radically counter to the challenge imposed upon chemistry as a natural science. Notwithstanding the prognosis according to which the shortest path to understanding the metamorphosis of the chemical into the biological is by way of experimental modeling of "artificial chemical life", the scientific search for the route nature adopted in creating the life we know will arguably never truly end. It is, after all, part of the search for our own origin.