直接蒸发式冰蓄冷空调的蓄冰槽融冰强化换热

现有的直接蒸发式冰蓄冷空调蓄冰槽内在融冰运行时都存在不利于传热的较大垂直温差.本文通过在蓄冰槽中下部位置处设置水平交叉盘管,使蓄冰槽内的坚直冰柱易于断裂,从而改善槽内自然对流条件,达到强化换热的目的.实验表明,水半盘管的布置明显减小了蓄冰槽内在融冰过程中的上下层温差,传热过程得到强化,融冰速度加快,制冷系统的COP也相应得到提高.     

耐腐蚀塑料换热器性能的实验研究

在低温烟气余热回收过程中,金属换热器存在腐蚀和结垢的问题。特种导热塑料具有较高的热导率并且耐腐蚀、抗结垢,基于导热塑料的耐腐蚀换热器为烟气余热回收提供了新的技术途径。本文针对导热塑料换热器开展实验研究,通过硫酸浸泡实验验证换热器的耐腐蚀性能,通过风洞实验测量矩形翅片管的传热及流动特性,得到了换热器在不同风速下的传热系数和阻力特性。实验结果可以为塑料换热器在低温烟气余热回收中的应用提供必要的参考。     

镓基液态金属热界面材料的性能研究

采采用微氧化法制备Ga基室温液态金属热界面材料。实验结果表明,微量氧化镓的存在可显著改善液态金属的润湿性,且GaIn10合金热界面材料具有较高的热导率(约19.2 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1))。搭建接触传热测试平台,分别研究液态金属Ga及其二元、三元合金热界面材料的导热性能,对比市售导热硅脂,该新型镓基热界面材料,特别是其二元合金热界面材料,在大功率下工作时热源温度相对于导热硅脂下降近14℃,界面热阻只有5.4 Kmm~2/W,显示出更加优越的导热性能。     

低温管道保冷材料热导率对绝热计算影响的分析

建立了平板及圆管低温保冷结构导热计算模型,考虑到材料热导率随温度变化获得非线性偏微分控制方程,引入克希霍夫积分方法对方程处理、编程与迭代计算,获得保冷层温度变化曲线,分析了四种保冷材料的热导率对传热过程计算的影响;酚醛泡沫、憎水珍珠岩及硬质聚氨酯泡沫在超低温下具有更优越的保冷性能,泡沫玻璃在常温区上保冷性能较好;考虑热导率影响,LNG接收站卸液管采用的组合式保冷材料可适当减少内层材料厚度,既节约资源又节省投资。同时,也提供了一种处理变热导率传热问题新思路。     

竖直盘管直接蒸发内融冰式冰蓄冷空调融冰机理

以竖直盘管直接蒸发内融冰式冰蓄冷空调蓄冰槽内的传热过程为基础,利用热阻网络法和能量平衡建立了融冰过程的数学模型,对其融冰机理进行了理论分析。计算结果表明,融冰过程中蓄冰槽盘管出口的制冷剂温度随时间逐渐升高,但在后期存在一个因冰柱碎裂上浮导致自然对流瞬时得到强化从而引起的短时间轻微下降现象。另外,蓄冰槽内的传热系数经历了先骤然降低,然后维持稳定,最后又快速上升的过程。该现象与盘管外由于冰融化所形成的水环直径有关,水环直径越大,释放冷量的速度就越小。通过与实验数据的对比,验证了计算模型的合理性和准确性。     

冰盘管密度对蓄冷槽取冷特性影响的实验研究

通过构建高密度直接蒸发式冰盘管实验台,研究了不同冰盘管密度对取冷特性的影响。实验结果表明:随着蓄冷槽中冰盘管密度的增大,可使直接蒸发式蓄冰槽取冷水温进一步降低,取冷速率进一步提高,从而能更好地满足低温送风空调系统的要求及空调高峰负荷变化的需要。     

BP神经网络模拟冰盘管蓄冷过程特性的可行性研究

文中基于BP神经网络方法对冰盘管蓄冷系统的整个蓄冷过程中的蓄冷动态特性参数进行模拟研究,根据实验研究数据对所建的BP神经网络进行网络训练,进而通过预测试验对预测网络进行检验。结果表明:利用BP神经网络方法对整个蓄冷过程中的蓄冷动态特性参数进行模拟的精确度明显高于传统模拟方法,可使研究者更全面、更精确地了解和掌握了蓄冷过程中蓄冷动态特性参数的变化情况,为设计和优化直接蒸发式冰盘管蓄冰系统提供了理论依据。     

小型平板CPL蒸发器耦合计算及优化设计研究

本文建立了小型平板CPL蒸发器毛细多孔芯内汽液两相流动与传热的模型以及金属外壁和工质区的导热模型,并进行耦合求解.分析了金属侧壁效应对蒸发器性能的影响,提出小型平板CPL存在着侧壁效应传热极限.数值结果表明,工质蒸发发生在多孔芯加热表面附近,蒸发器采用单一金属外壁时由于侧壁效应导致系统传热极限低,而上壁采用导热系数大,侧壁及下壁采用导热系数小的新型结构能够明显的提高系统的传热能力,同时使加热表面的温度维持在较低的水平.     

高压下Ⅰ型甲烷水合物导热机理的分子动力学模拟

本文采用平衡态分子动力学方法研究了多种Ⅰ型甲烷水合物结构在高压下的导热性能。结果显示各水合物结构中水分子的排布构型差别不大,但各水合物结构的热导率存在一定差异。其中空穴水合物结构具有较好的导热性能,而含水分子晶格缺陷水合物结构的热导率较低。高压可以促进水合物中的声子传热,高温也能促进甲烷分子平动相关声子的传热,但将削弱水分子运动相关声子的传热。此外水合物结构中的水分子晶格缺陷会导致传热过程中声子大量散射。     

蓄冷球堆积床动态充冷性能模拟

根据蓄冷球和载冷剂之间的能量平衡,建立了蓄冷球堆积床充冷过程的数理模型。该模型考虑了载冷剂与蓄冷球之间的换热系数变化、载冷剂的导热、相变蓄冷材料的过冷度以及蓄冷球堆积床热损失的影响。采用数值计算方法模拟了蓄冷球堆积床的充冷过程,讨论了载冷剂入口温度、初始温度和流速对充冷过程蓄冷材料温度、载冷剂温度和蓄冰率的影响。     

Polymer composites for thermal management: a review

The aim of this review article is to consolidate the important research works dedicated to polymers which are mainly used target material for heat transfer applications. The requirement of present day heat transfer equipment is compactness, lightweight, manufacturability, and lower cost. Materials like copper and aluminum though have better thermal conductivity but they are expensive and also heavy. Polymers are cheaper and easy to manufacture, recycle though they have sufficiently lower thermal conductivity compared to copper and aluminum. Polymer materials are thermally insulating material. It is too difficult to improve the amorphous nature of polymer material in order to achieve high thermal conductivity. One key path to increase the thermal conductivity of a polymer is to reinforce high thermal conductive fillers in the host matrix. In this review paper, an attempt is made to explore and summarize various key paths suggested by the researchers to develop high thermal conductive polymer composites.     

Influence of the particle size distribution on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids

In a previous study, we have obtained an equation to predict the thermal conductivity of nanofluids containing nanoparticles with conductive interface. The model is maximal particle packing dependent. In this study, the maximal packing is obtained as a function of the particle size distribution, which is the Gamma distribution. The thermal conductivity enhancement depends on the averaged particle size. Discussion concerning the influence of the suspension pH on the particle packing is made. The proposed model is evaluated using number of sets from the published experimental data to the thermal conductivity enhancement for different nanofluids.     

Thermal Conductivity of poly-p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole Film along the In-Plane Axis in the 10–300 K Temperature Range

The thermal conductivities of compression molded thin films of poly-p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole (PBO) were measured in directions along an in-plane axis in the 10–300?K temperature range by a steady-state heat flow method, with interest in the use of the material for superconductivity applications. The thermal conductivities of the PBO films increased from 0.3?W/mK to 9.0?W/mK with increasing temperature from 10?K to 300?K and these were much higher than those of polyimide films, epoxy resin and glass fiber reinforced plastics at all temperatures. The 9.0?W/mK at 300?K was 60% of that of stainless steel (SUS304). It was 6?W/mK at 150?K, which was half that of SUS304 and was 3.3?W/mK at 77?K, which was 33% of that of SUS304. The thermal conductivities of the PBO films were lower than those of a cloth of high strength ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber reinforced plastics in the 30?K–180?K temperature range and were almost equivalent to its values in the 180?K–300?K temperature range. The main contribution to the thermal conduction in the PBO films was from thermal phonon conduction along the molecular chains. Although many kinds of high thermal conductivity polymeric materials have been prepared by a uni-directional drawing process or by adding high thermal conductive additives, the PBO film showed high thermal conductivity without a uni-directional drawing process or high thermal conductive additive.     

纳米石墨烯片-正十八烷复合相变材料制备及热物性研究

本文分别制备了纳米石墨烯片质量分数为0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%的纳米石墨烯片-正十八烷复合相变材料,并通过扫描电镜测试、红外光谱分析、差示扫描量热实验及导热分析等实验对其形貌结构及热物性进行表征和研究.实验表明本文制备的纳米石墨烯-正十八烷复合相变材料具有很好的相变稳定性;当纳米石墨烯片的质量分数达到2%时,复合相变材料的导热系数相对于纯十八烷高出了89.4%.     

低温光滑壁面上水滴撞击结冰行为

采用高速摄像技术测试低温光滑壁面上水滴撞击结冰过程, 分析了撞击速度、壁面温度和材料热导率对水滴撞击铺展、振荡及结冰行为的影响规律. 结果表明, 低温壁面造成水滴最大铺展直径缩小, 且结冰时间随温度降低而缩短; 当撞击We数提高时, 水滴最大铺展直径增大, 而振荡和结冰时间减小; 同时材料热导率越高, 最大铺展直径越小, 结冰越迅速. 另外, 从热力学角度推导出水滴撞击结冰时间的理论公式, 预测误差<5.3%.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of decomposition and thermal conductivity of methane hydrate in porous media

The hydrate has characteristics of low thermal conductivity and temperature sensitivity. To further analysis the mechanism of thermal conductivity and provide method for the exploitation, transportation and utilization of hydrate, the effect of decomposition and thermal conductivity of methane hydrate in porous media has been studied by using the molecular dynamics simulation. In this study, the simulation is carried out under the condition of temperature 253.15 K-273.15 K and pressure 1 MPa. The results show that the thermal conductivity of methane hydrate increases with the increase of temperature and has a faster growth near freezing. With the addition of porous media, the thermal conductivity of the methane hydrate improves significantly. The methane hydrate-porous media system also has the characteristics of vitreous body.With the decrease of the pore size of the porous media, thermal conductivity of the system increases gradually at the same temperature. It can be ascertained that the porous media of different pore sizes have strengthened the role of the thermal conductivity of hydrates.     

热固化剂浓度对SiCN陶瓷压阻效应的影响

采用聚合物前驱体热解法制备四种加入不同热固化剂浓度的SiCN陶瓷并研究了它们的压阻效应.研究发现,热固化剂浓度对材料的电导率和压阻效应都有很大影响,只有加入适量浓度的热固化剂才会使SiCN陶瓷具有高的电导率和明显的压阻效应.借助拉曼光谱获得了材料中碳团簇的信息,进而用渗流-遂穿导电模型解释了材料的压阻行为,SiCN陶瓷的压阻特性由材料中自由碳团簇的含量和分布决定,而碳团簇的形成则由热固化剂浓度决定. 关键词： SiCN 压阻效应 热固化剂     

Effect of structure variation on thermal conductivity of hydrogenated silicon film

Hydrogenated silicon film was fabricated by using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. The influence of crystalline volume fraction variation on the thermal conductivity was investigated. The relation between crystalline volume and film thickness was characterized by using spectroscopic ellipsometry with Bruggeman effective medium (BEMA) model. The thermal conductivity of silicon film was measured based on Fourier thermal transmitting law using sputtering platinum as electrode. The results demonstrate that the thermal conductivity of silicon film is proportional to the volume fraction of crystalline silicon, and there is crystalline and thermal conductive gradient between surface and bottom in the microcrystalline film.     

Thermal conductivity of micro/nano-porous polymers: Prediction models and applications

Micro/nano-porous polymeric material is considered a unique industrial material due to its extremely low thermal conductivity, low density, and high surface area. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an accurate thermal conductivity prediction model suiting their applicable conditions and provide a theoretical basis for expanding their applications. In this work, the development of the calculation model of equivalent thermal conductivity of micro/nano-porous polymeric materials in recent years is summarized. Firstly, it reviews the process of establishing the overall equivalent thermal conductivity calculation model for micro/nanoporous polymers. Then, the predicted calculation models of thermal conductivity are introduced separately according to the conductive and radiative thermal conductivity models. In addition, the thermal conduction part is divided into the gaseous thermal conductivity model, solid thermal conductivity model and gas–solid coupling model. Finally, it is concluded that, compared with other porous materials, there are few studies on heat transfer of micro/ nanoporous polymers, especially on the particular heat transfer mechanisms such as scale effects at the micro/nanoscale. In particular, the following aspects of porous polymers still need to be further studied: micro scaled thermal radiation, heat transfer characteristics of particular morphologies at the nanoscales, heat transfer mechanism and impact factors of micro/nanoporous polymers. Such studies would provide a more accurate prediction of thermal conductivity and a broader application in energy conversion and storage systems.     

A study on the DC-electrical and thermal conductivities of epoxy/ZnO composites doped with carbon black

Thermo-electrical characterizations of hybrid polymer composites, made of epoxy matrix filled with various zinc oxide (ZnO) concentrations (0, 4.9, 9.9, 14.9, and 19.9 wt%), and reinforced with conductive carbon black (CB) nanoparticles (0.1 wt%), have been investigated as a function of ZnO concentration and temperature. Both the measured DC-electrical and thermal conductivities showed ZnO concentration and temperature dependencies. Increasing the temperature and filler concentrations were reflected in a negative temperature coefficient of resistivity and enhancement of the electrical conductivity as well. The observed increase in the DC conductivity and decrease in the determined activation energy were explained based on the concept of existing paths and connections between the ZnO particles and the conductive CB nanoparticles. Alteration of ZnO concentration with a fixed content of CB nanoparticles and/or temperature was found to be crucial in the thermal conductivity behavior. The addition of CB nanoparticles to the epoxy/ZnO matrix was found to enhance the electrical conduction resulting from the electronic and impurity contributions. Also, the thermal conductivity enhancement was mostly attributed to the heat transferred by phonons and electrons hopping to higher energy levels throughout the thermal processes. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy were used to observe the morphology and elements’ distribution in the composites. The observed thermal conductivity behavior was found to correlate well with that of the DC-electrical conductivity as a function of the ZnO content. The overall enhancements in both the measured DC- and thermal conductivities of the prepared hybrid composites are mainly produced through mutual interactions between the filling conductive particles and also from electrons tunneling in the composite's bulk as well.