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1.
Johanna Sabine Becker Jochen Westheide Anatolij I. Saprykin Horst Holzbrecher Uwe Breuer Hans -Joachim Dietze 《Mikrochimica acta》1997,125(1-4):153-160
For the determination of trace impurities in ceramic components of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), some mass spectrometric methods have been applied such as spark source mass spectrometry (SSMS), laser ionization mass spectrometry (LIMS), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Due to a lack of suitable standard reference materials for quantifying of analytical results on La
x
Sr
y
MnO3 cathode material a matrix-matched synthetic standard-high purity initial compounds doped with trace elements-was prepared in order to determine the relative sensitivity coefficients in SSMS and LA-ICP-MS. Radiofrequency glow discharge mass spectrometry (rf-GDMS) was developed for trace analysis and depth profiling of thick non-conducting layers. Surface analytical techniques, such as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and sputtered neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS), were used to determine the element distribution on surfaces (homogeneity) and the surface contaminants of SOFC ceramic layers.Dedicated to Professor Dr. rer. nat. Hubertus Nickel on the occasion of his 65th birthday 相似文献
2.
Mixed ionic-electronic conductors in the family of LaxSr1–xCoyFe1–yO3–δ have been widely studied as cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, the long-term stability was a concern. Here we report our findings on the effect of a thin film coating of La0.85Sr0.15MnO3–δ (LSM) on the performance of a porous La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ (LSCF) cathode. When the thicknesses of the LSM coatings are appropriate, an LSM-coated LSCF electrode showed better stability and lower polarization (or higher activity) than the blank LSCF cathode without LSM infiltration. An anode-supported cell with an LSM-infiltrated LSCF cathode demonstrated at 825 °C a peak power density of ~1.07 W/cm2, about 24% higher than that of the same cell without LSM infiltration (~0.86 W/cm2). Further, the LSM coating enhanced the stability of the electrode; there was little degradation in performance for the cell with an LSM-infiltrated LSCF cathode during 100 h operation. 相似文献
3.
I. S. Bredikhin F. S. Napol’skii E. V. Korovkin S. Ya. Istomin E. V. Antipov S. I. Bredikhin 《Russian Journal of Electrochemistry》2009,45(4):434-438
Using the citrate sol-gel method, a new complex oxide Ca0.75Y0.25Co0.15Mn0.85O2.92 is synthesized. It is shown that this compound is crystallized in the rhombically distorted version of perovskite structure (a = 0.53397(8), b = 0.7470(1), c = 0.52810(6) nm). The phase is characterized by a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) (13.8 ppm K?1) and high electric conductivity (135 S/cm at 900°C). The chemical reaction between Ca0.75Y0.25Co0.15Mn0.85O2.92 and the YSZ and GDC electrolyte materials is studied. The material is highly reactive and reacts with YSZ and GDC at 900°C and 1070°C, respectively. It is concluded that Ca0.75Y0.25Co0.15Mn0.85O2.92 is a promising cathodic material for solid oxide fuel cells, provided a reliable protection SDC sublayer is formed between the cathode and the YSZ membrane. 相似文献
4.
5.
ZHAO Hui LI Qiang & SUN LiPing Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin China 《中国科学B辑(英文版)》2011,(6)
One of the major challenges to develop intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells is finding a novel cathode material, which can meet the following requirements: (1) high electronic conductivity; (2) chemical compatibility with the electrolyte; (3) a matched thermal expansion coefficient (TEC); (4) stability in a wide range of oxygen partial pressure; and (5) high catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this short review, a survey of these requirements for K2NiF4-type material wi... 相似文献
6.
Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) micro tubular electrolyte membranes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) were prepared via the combined wet phase inversion and sintering technique. The as-derived YSZ mi- cro tubes consist of a thin dense skin layer and a thick porous layer that can serve as the electrode of fuel cells. The dense and the porous electrolyte layers have the thickness of 3-5 μm and 70-90 μm, respectively, while the inner surface porosity of the porous layer is higher than 28.1%. The two layers are perfectly integrated together to preclude the crack or flake of electrolyte film from the electrode. The presented method possesses distinct advantages such as technological simplicity, low cost and high reliability, and thus provides a new route for the preparation of micro tubular SOFCs. 相似文献
7.
提出了一种简单而方便的微管式固体氧化物燃料电池(MT-SOFCs)的制备新方法.首先应用改进相转化-烧结技术制备由致密电解质表皮薄层和多孔支撑层构成的高度非对称结构电解质中空纤维膜(微管),在电解质中空纤维膜的多孔支撑层内通过化学镀法沉积Ni催化剂作为电池阳极,而致密电解质表皮层直接作为电解质膜,在电解质微管外表面用浆料涂层法制备电池的多孔阴极,烧结后即得到完整的MT-SOFC.应用该方法制备了Ni-YSZ|YSZ|LSCF微管式电池,该电池以H2/空气作原料气,在800℃时最大输出功率达到159.6mWcm-2. 相似文献
8.
LIU Yang LIU Nan & TAN XiaoYao School of Chemical Engineering Sh ong University of Technology Zibo China School of Environmental Chemical Engineering Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin China 《中国科学B辑(英文版)》2011,(5)
A simple and cost-effective method has been developed for the fabrication of microtubular solid oxide fuel cells (MT-SOFCs). Highly asymmetric electrolyte hollow fibers composed of a thin dense skin layer and a thick porous substrate are first prepared by a modified phase inversion/sintering technique. The porous substrate is then formed into the anode by deposition of a Ni catalyst via an electroless plating method inside the pores while the thin dense skin layer serves directly as the electrolyte film of ... 相似文献
9.
固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料的阻抗对固体氧化物燃料电池的性能有较大影响.我们通过XRD、对称电池以及单电池性能测试等方法比较系统地研究了4种最为常用的含钴阴极材料直接用于钇稳定化氧化锆(YSZ)电解质薄膜与通过引入SDC夹层后用于YSZ电解质薄膜后的性能.我们发现,不同的含钴阴极材料与YSZ材料之间都不同程度地发生相反应,在应用于YSZ电解质薄膜上时,相反应大大降低了含钴阴极材料的性能,在使用了SDC夹层后,单电池的功率输出显著提高. 相似文献
10.
以椰壳生物质炭为燃料的直接炭固体氧化物燃料电池 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过热裂解制得椰壳炭,表征了其结构和组成,并将其用于电解质为钇稳定化氧化锆(YSZ)、电极材料为银和钆掺杂氧化铈(Ag-GDC)的固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)的燃料,对所构成的直接炭固体氧化物燃料电池(DC-SOFC)的性能进行了测试研究。结果表明,所制得的椰壳炭颗粒粒径在微米级别,具有介孔结构,而且椰壳炭中含有K、Ca等元素,可用作Boudouard反应催化剂。当使用椰壳炭作为DC-SOFC燃料时,在800 ℃下电池最大功率密度为255 mW/cm2;负载Fe催化剂后,最大功率密度提升为274 mW/cm2。以0.5 A/cm2的恒电流放电,0.5 g负载Fe椰壳炭燃料电池能够连续工作17.6 h,燃料利用率为39%,表明椰壳炭作为DC-SOFC燃料具有优异的性能和潜力。 相似文献
11.
Transition metal oxide doped lanthanum gallates, La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8M0.2O3 (where M=Co, Mn, Cr, Fe, or V), are studied as mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIECs) for electrode applications. The
electrochemical properties of these materials in air and in H2 are characterized using impedance spectroscopy, open cell voltage measurement, and gas permeation measurement. Three single
cells based on La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8 Mg0.2O3 (LSGM) electrolyte (1.13 to 1.65 mm thick) but with different electrode materials are studied under identical conditions
to characterize the effectiveness of the lanthanum gallate-based MIECs for electrode applications. At 800 °C, a single cell
using La0.9Sr0.1- Ga0.8Co0.2O3 as the cathode and La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mn0.2O3 as the anode shows a maximum power density of 88 mW/cm2, which is better than that of a cell using Pt as both electrodes (20 mW/cm2) and that of a cell using La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 (LSC) as the cathode and CeO2-Ni as the anode (61 mW/cm2) under identical conditions. The performance of LSGM-based fuel cells with MIEC electrodes may be further improved by reducing
the electrolyte thickness and by optimizing the microstructures of the electrodes through processing.
Received: 9 January 1998 / Accepted: 1 May 1998 相似文献
12.
The search for alternative anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) has been reviewed in the light of structure, stability, conductivity, chemical and thermal compatibility with electrolyte YSZ. In this review, we have presented the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional Ni-YSZ anode for SOFCs. The development of alternative anode for SOFCs with fluorite, rutile, tungsten bronze, pyrochlore, perovskite and spinel structures has been reviewed and discussed in detail. Among the reported materials systems, materials with perovskite structure are promising particularly where two ions with complimentary function are present on the B-site at high concentration. We have recently found a good redox stable anode (La(0.75)Sr(0.25))(1-x)Cr(0.5)Mn(0.5)O(3) (0 相似文献
13.
固体氧化物燃料电池直接以焦炭为燃料的电性能 《燃料化学学报》2018,46(10):1168-1174
直接碳固体氧化物燃料电池(DC-SOFC)是一种潜在的固体碳燃料高效率、低污染发电技术。本研究报道了将工业焦炭直接用作管式DC-SOFC燃料的研究。制备了电极材料为Ag-GDC (钆掺杂氧化铈)的YSZ (钇稳定化氧化锆)电解质支撑型管式固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)。采用拉曼光谱、扫描电镜和X射线能谱仪对焦炭燃料进行了性质表征。结果表明,焦炭燃料呈微米级的颗粒状,并含有大量对Boudouard反应有利的缺陷结构。电池以纯焦炭为燃料在850℃取得的最大功率密度为149mW/cm2,在碳燃料表面负载能提高Boudouard反应速率的Fe催化剂后,最大功率密度提高至217mW/cm2。通过电化学测试和尾气表征,分析了恒电流放电过程中电池的性能衰减机制。测试结果证明了将焦炭直接用作全固态DC-SOFC的燃料产生电能的可行性。 相似文献
14.
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is one of the best techniques to obtain the information on the electronic and local structures of materials. In the last few decades, XAS becomes a common analytical technique for the investigation of solid oxide fuel cells and proton-conducting ceramic fuel cells. In particular, operando and/or advanced XAS measurements can be recently available with the increased accessibility of synchrotron radiation. In this article, recent trends of solid oxide fuel cell and proton-conducting ceramic fuel cell researches using XAS are overviewed. 相似文献
15.
Silver (Ag) at 0.1–2.0 wt% was incorporated into cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells as a catalyst for oxygen reduction. A novel processing route for Ag incorporation ensuring a very homogeneous Ag ion distribution is presented. From the results of X-ray powder diffraction it can be concluded that the La0.65Sr0.3MnO3– perovskite phase is already formed at 900 °C. The solubility of Ag in the crystal lattice in this type of perovskite was below 1 wt%. The electrochemical tests of these materials show that there is only a slight catalytic effect of Ag. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a low mechanical contact of the cathode grains to the electrolyte due to the low cathode sintering temperature that was chosen. 相似文献
16.
Yu. G. Mateishina N. F. Uvarov A. S. Ulikhin 《Russian Journal of Electrochemistry》2007,43(5):606-608
The LiClO4-Al2O3 composite solid electrolyte and solid solutions LiFe x Mn2?x O4 and Li5Ti4O12 compositions are synthesized and their physicochemical properties are studied using the x-ray diffraction and electrical measurements. Based on composition 0.5LiClO4-0.5Al2O3, whose conductivity is the highest, first experiments on the elaboration of model electrochemical solid-electrolyte lithium cells with LiMn2O4, LiFeMnO4, LiFe0.8Mn0.2O4, and Li5Ti4O12 oxide spinel electrodes are performed. 相似文献
17.
On the history of solid electrolyte fuel cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The path to the discovery of galvanic solid electrolyte gas cells (J.-M. Gaugain 1853) and to the first industrially produced solid electrolyte gas cells (Nernst lamps 1897) is described. The development of the fundamentals of solid electrolyte fuel cells started with the work of Haber 1905, Schottky 1935, Baur 1937 and Wagner 1943. Extensive work in the field of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) was done in the fifties by Peters and Möbius. After 1960, a rapidly growing number of scientists worked on the different problems of SOFCs, and by 1970 the basis was established on which the broad technologically orientated development of SOFCs proceeds today. 相似文献
18.
以丁烷为燃料的便携直接火焰固体氧化物燃料电池堆的研究(英文) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以丁烷液化气为燃料,以固体氧化物燃料电池为电源,可以进行全天候的充电,是未来理想的充电模式。研究了以丁烷为燃料的可以便携的直接火焰燃料电池堆。该电池结构和电性能分别用扫描电子显微镜SEM和电化学工作站进行了表征。该电池堆由3片以Ni/YSZ为阳极支撑形的单电池构成。该电池堆操作开路电压为2.1 V,最大输出功率为0.24 W,可带动小风扇连续运行超过4 h。运行4 h后电池阳极没有积炭发生,说明该电池可以连续运行多个小时,可用作便携充电电源。 相似文献
19.
为探讨固体氧化物燃料电池(solid oxide fuel cell, SOFC)中干甲烷浓度对反应的影响,采用色谱在线测量阳极尾气,总结阳极尾气的变化规律。在此基础上,分析干甲烷在固体氧化物燃料电池Ni-YSZ阳极上的反应,寻找干甲烷浓度与电流对电池阳极反应影响的数学关系。结果表明,随着电流密度的增加,低浓度甲烷按顺序发生CH4+O2- → CO+2H2+2e-、CH4+2O2- → CO+H2O+H2 +4e-、CH4+3O2- → CO+2H2O + 6e-、CH4+4O2- → CO2+2H2O+8e-反应,高浓度甲烷只发生甲烷的第一个氧化反应,中浓度甲烷发生前两个或前三个反应。依据法拉第第一定律及反应物之间的关系,确定甲烷的低、中、高浓度的判定依据分别为:qv(CH4)≤I/(4F)、I/(4F)≤qv(CH4)≤I/(2F)、qv(CH4)≥I/(2F)。 相似文献
20.
《中国化学快报》2021,32(11):3548-3552
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can directly convert renewable biogas into electricity with high efficiency at high temperature, however the long-term stability of SOFCs is significantly affected by the carbon deposition on the anode during cell operation. Herein, we report a novel carbon removal approach by high temperature infrared light driven photocatalytic oxidation. Upon the comparison of electrochemical performance of Ni-YSZ anode and TiO2 modified Ni-YSZ anode in the state-of-the-art single cell (Ni-YSZ/YSZ/LSCM), the modified anodes exhibit markedly improved peak powder density with simulated biogas fuel (70% CH4+ 30% CO2) at 850 °C with less coking after 40 h operation. The high activity and carbon deposition resistance of the modified anode is possibly attributed to the in situ generated hydroxyl radical from the reduced TiOx powder under high temperature infrared light excitation, which is supported by detailed analysis of microstructural information of anodes and the powder-based thermo-photocatalytic experiments. 相似文献