Sequential determination of uranium (IV), free acidity and hydrazine in a single aliquot

A simple analytical procedure for the sequential determination of uranium (IV), free acidity and hydrazine in presence of hydrolysable ions is developed and described. In this method, first, uranium (IV) is determined using fiber optic aided spectrophotometry then same solution is used for determination of free acidity and hydrazine. Free acid is titrated with standard sodium carbonate solution after uranium (IV) is masked with EDTA. Once the end point for the free acid is determined at pH 3.0, an aliquot of formaldehyde is added to liberate the acid equivalent to hydrazine which is then titrated with the same standard sodium carbonate solution using an automatic titration system. The described method is simple, accurate and reproducible. The overall recovery of uranium (IV), nitric acid and hydrazine is 98% with 3% relative standard deviation respectively. The major advantage of the method is that it uses sodium carbonate a primary standard as titrant and generation of corrosive analytical wastes containing oxalate or sulphate is avoided. Valuable metals like uranium and plutonium can easily be recovered from analytical waste before final disposal.     

电位滴定法测定模拟高放废液中的游离酸

本文研究了用电位滴定法测定模拟高放废液中游离酸的方法。用草酸钾做络合剂以消除Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ａｌ＾３＋、Ｎｄ＾３＋等多种水解离子的影响，用标准碱直接进行电位滴定，即可快速准确地测定模拟高放废液中游离酸的含量。方法的相对标准偏差为１．８％，标准加入回收率为１００－１０１％，能为放射性废物固化试验提供可靠的分析数据。     

全自动电位滴定法测定镍钴锰酸锂中残余的碳酸锂含量

采用自动电位滴定法测定镍钴锰酸锂中残余的碳酸锂含量。试样经搅拌水浸出其中的残余碳酸锂,用盐酸进行滴定。对试样进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于3.2%。在镍钴锰酸锂试样中加入基准物质无水碳酸钠进行碳酸根的加标回收实验,碳酸根的加标回收率在97.7%~103%。方法测定结果准确、可靠。     

Potentiometric determination of 8-chlorotheophylline

Two methods are described for the potentiometric determination of 8-chlorotheophylline in aqueous solution. Both methods are based on the reaction of 8-chlorotheophylline with silver ions. In the first, the nitric acid produced in the reaction is titrated with sodium hydroxide. In the second, the 8-chlorotheophylline is titrated directly with silver nitrate in sodium carbonate medium. Both methods give reasonably accurate and reproducible results, and are suitable for the assay of 8-chlorotheophylline in pharmaceutical preparations.     

次亚磷酸钠分离-重铬酸钾容量法测定钨尾矿中砷含量

选矿中产生的钨尾矿长期堆放,经过雨水冲刷,钨尾矿中的砷会进入到水土中,造成环境污染,准确测定钨尾矿中砷含量,利于监测钨尾矿中砷对环境的污染程度。采用硝酸-氯酸钾饱和溶液和氟化铵溶液分解样品,再用硫酸溶液冒烟赶尽硝酸,在盐酸介质中,以硫酸铜为催化剂,用次亚磷酸钠将砷离子还原成元素态,析出的砷过滤分离,除去其他杂质。在硫酸溶液中,用过量的重铬酸钾标准溶液滴定溶解单质砷,过量的重铬酸钾以二苯胺磺酸钠为指示剂,用硫酸亚铁标准溶液反滴定。通过优化样品溶解条件和砷沉淀还原条件,建立了次亚磷酸钠分离-重铬酸钾容量法测定钨尾矿中砷含量的分析方法。通过测定滤液中的砷含量,考察了滤液中砷含量对砷测定结果的影响,可忽略不计,表明实验中砷沉淀完全。通过沉淀单质砷,过滤使砷与杂质元素分离,消除了杂质元素对砷测定的影响。运用重铬酸钾容量法测定3个钨尾矿样品中的砷,并进行加标回收实验,测定结果的相对标准偏差（RSD,n=11）在0.14%～2.1%,加标回收率在97%～101%。方法操作简单、精密度高,适合钨尾矿中高含量砷的测定,测定结果与碱融分离-碘量法结果基本一致。     

An improved method for the potentiometric determination of plutonium using cerium/IV/ as an oxidant

An improved method for the determination of plutonium in an aliquot using cerium/IV/ as an oxidant is reported. Plutonium is oxidized quantitatively to plutonium/VI/ in nitric acid medium by cerium/IV/, the excess of which is chemically destroyed in a single step by hydrochloric acid. Plutonium/VI/ is then reduced to plutonium/IV/ with a known amount of Fe/II/, the excess of which is back titrated potentiometrically with standard dichromate. Results of analysis of 3–5 mg amounts of plutonium in aliquots containing standard plutonium nitrate solution are reliable within 0.2%. Effect of the presence of some relevant foreign ions has been studied. The application of the method for the analysis of mixtures containing various amounts of uranium and plutonium has been examined.     

EDTA滴定法测定除尘灰中锌含量

采用灰化后再溶解试样的方法,成功解决了除尘灰因碳含量过高而难于溶解的问题;将灰化后的试样以HCl-HNO3-HF-HClO4混酸溶解,在氯酸钾存在下,以铁盐作载体,用氨水沉淀分离大部分铁、铝、铅等元素,以硫脲-氟化物、硫代硫酸钠、抗坏血酸作掩蔽剂,掩蔽剩余少量铜、锡、铁等干扰元素,在pH=5.5~6条件下,以二甲酚橙为指示剂,用EDTA标准溶液滴定得到锌的含量。方法的相对标准偏差在0.75%~2.8%,加标回收率在98.0%~102%。方法操作简便,且分析结果准确度、重现性较好,可以满足生产检验的需要。     

Komplexometrische Bestimmungen als Säure-Base-Titrationen

The EDTA-titration for the determination of various metal ions by alkalimetry (based on the determination of H⁺ set free during the formation of EDTA-metal complexes) was further developed by using the glass electrode. With the improved method it was possible to make the determination more comfortable with a simple indication and a good accuracy. It is suitable for unbuffered solutions of Cd, Co, Cu, Mn(II), Pb and Zn. Hg and Ca must be titrated in 50% ethanolic solution. The relative standard deviation is approximately ± 0.3%.     

Complexometric determination of palladium(II) using thioacetamide as a selective masking agent

A simple, rapid and accurate complexometric method for the determination of palladium(II) is proposed, based on the selective masking property of thioacetamide towards palladium(II). In the presence of diverse metal ions, palladium(II) is complexed with excess of EDTA and the surplus EDTA is back titrated at pH 5-5.5 (acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer) with standard lead nitrate solution using xylenol orange as indicator. An excess of a 0.5% aqueous solution of thioacetamide is then added to displace EDTA from Pd(II)-EDTA complex. The released EDTA is titrated with the same standard lead nitrate solution as before. Reproducible and accurate results are obtained in the concentration range 0.5 mg - 17.80 mg of palladium with relative error of +/- 0.16% and coefficient of variation not exceeding 0.26%. The effect of diverse ions is studied. The method is used for the determination of palladium in its complexes, catalysts and synthetic alloy mixtures.     

A modified dimethylglyoxime method for the determination of nickel in sea water

A colorimetric dimethylglyoxime (DMG) method for the determination of nickel in sea water was studied in detail, and improved through close control of experimental conditions. For a maximum precipitation of 90% of the nickel a minimum period of 7 days was necessary between treatment with sodium carbonate and filtration. A salt effect resulted from: (1) a gain in absorbance due to soluble ions not precipitated by sodium carbonate, which increased with increasing salt concentration, (2) an offsetting loss in absorbance due to incomplete precipitation of nickel. The transition 3d ions precipitated by sodium carbonate exerted no discernible effect on the absorbance.A procedure is recommended by which a relative standard deviation of 0.7% was achieved. Consistent recovery yields of 97% were obtained from samples of sea water spiked with nickel collected over a period of several months.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定高强度玻璃纤维粉体中9种金属元素

建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定高强度玻璃纤维粉体中铝、镁、钙、铁、钛、锂、铈、钠、钾9种金属元素含量的方法。采用氢氟酸、高氯酸和盐酸分两段溶解样品,分别在选定的各元素分析谱线下,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪测定各元素含量。9种金属元素在各自的质量浓度范围内与光谱强度成良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为8.0~17.4 μg/g。测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1.8%(n=6),加标回收率为97.6%~103.7%。该方法准确,简便,快速,适用于高强度玻璃纤维中多金属元素的同时测定。     

Potentiometric determination of fluoride in coal ores and slags after direct fusion

A potentiometric procedure is described for the determination of 0.001–1.7 % of fluoride in ores and refractory materials. The sample is first sintered with sodium carbonate to oxidize any carbon and then fused. After dissolution of the fused cake, fluoride is measured in a suitable citrate-buffered aliquot with a fluoride ion-selective electrode. Data are given for reference standards; the relative standard deviation was 0.6% for 1.7% fluoride in a basic slag.     

硫酸铵中氮含量的电位滴定检测

建立一种酸碱电位滴定法直接测定硫酸铵中氮含量的方法。样品溶解后,可直接用氢氧化钠标准滴定溶液进行滴定。为了保证检测的准确度,分别使用硫酸铵高纯试剂和邻苯二甲酸氢钾基准试剂对氢氧化钠标准滴定溶液进行标定,并对标定结果进行比较,两种方法基本无差异。同时,通过适量硫酸的加入避免了样品中游离硫酸对检测结果的影响。该方法检测速度快、检测精度高、绿色环保、易于控制,非常适合于硫酸铵中氮含量的检测。将本方法与蒸馏后滴定法(仲裁法)检测结果进行比较,两种方法无显著性差异。采用本方法测得氮含量的加标回收率为99.9 %-100.3 %,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为0.03 %-0.05 %。分别使用实验方法和蒸馏后滴定法测定不同样品的氮含量,结果相吻合。     

Titrimetric microdetermination of silver, lead and cadmium with thioglycollic acid and of mercury(II) with 2-mercaptopropanoic acid

A simple and rapid titrimetric method is described for the microdetermination of Ag(+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+), based on their formation of mercaptides with a measured excess of 2-mercaptopropanoic acid, and similar determination of Hg(2+) with thioglycollic acid. Univalent and bivalent metal ions release one and two thiol protons respectively, which along with the carboxyl protons of the thiol reagent are titrated with standard alkali. The difference from the blank titration gives the increase in acidity which is a function of the metal-ion concentration. The proposed procedure is applicable to samples containing 0.025-0.25 mmole of these ions, the average deviation being in the range 0.2-0.5%.     

Polarographic determination of nitrate in vegetables

A polarographic method for the determination of nitrate in vegetables is presented. The method is based on the reduction of nitrate to nitric oxide which reacts in solution with colbalt (II) and thiocyanate ions forming an electroactive complex that is reduced at the dropping mercury electrode at -0.5 V (vs. SCE). The nitric oxide is generated outside the polarographic cell by addition of ferrous ammonium sulfate and ammonium molybdate in hydrochloric acid to the previously triturated vegetable matrices. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 2-12x10(-6) mol nitrate. The recovery of nitrate in vegetable matrices (broccoli, kale, lettuce, radish, red beet, spinach, turnip and watercress) varied from 85.4 to 107.4 % and the nitrate content, expressed as sodium nitrate, varied from 751 to 10 806 mg kg(-1) of fresh vegetable. The relative standard deviation for the proposed method is lower than 7% and considering a sample of 5.0 g, the determination limit was 39 mg of nitrate per kg fresh vegetable weight. The precision and accuracy of the polarographic method were comparable to those of the reference spectrophotometric method (official AOAC reference method for the determination of nitrate in foodstuffs).     

Differential pulse polarographic determination of arsenic, selenium and tellurium at mug levels

An analytical method, based on differential pulse polarography, for determination of arsenic, selenium and tellurium in solid matrices, is described. The method involves decomposition of the matrix with a mixture of nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acid, isolation of tellurium from the other analytes by liquid-liquid extraction (from 4M hydrochloric acid with methyl isobutyl ketone), and determination of the analytes. Tellurium is determined separately, and arsenic is determined in the same solution as selenium after determination and oxidation of the selenium and addition of catechol. Graphitized carbon black and chelating resin were used to eliminate the organic solvent in the aqueous solution and avoid interferences due to the other metals of the matrix. The decomposition, the influence of each analyte on the determination of the others, and the extraction process were given particular attention. The method is characterized by>96% recovery, with a relative standard deviation ranging from 2 to 10% at ppm levels.     

Determination of palladium(II) using thiosemicarbazide as a replacing reagent

A simple, rapid, accurate, and selective complexometric method is proposed for the determination of palladium(II). Palladium(II), with associated diverse metal ions, is first complexed by adding a known excess of EDTA, and the uncomplexed EDTA is back titrated with lead nitrate solution in acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0–6.0) until the end-point. Thiosemicarbazide (1%) solution in water is added to displace EDTA from the Pd-EDTA complex. The released EDTA is then titrated with the lead nitrate solution. Reproducible and accurate results are obtained in the concentration range of 1–10 mg of palladium with a relative error of less than 0.4% and a standard deviation of less than 0.02. The interference of many commonly associated metal ions was also studied. Advantages of this method over other complexometric methods of palladium determination are high-lighted.     

Titrimetric determination of silver,chloride and bromide in glasses

Titrimetric methods are described for the determination of total silver, free silver or free halide (Cl, Br and I), and bromide (or iodide) in glasses. Total silver is titrated potentiometrically with standard bromide solution after hydrofluoric—sulfuric acid sample decomposition followed by sodium hydrogensulfate fusion for volatilizing hydrogen halide. Free silver is determined similarly on a separate sample without the fusion step. For glasses containing excess of halide, free halide is titrated potentiometrically with standard silver(I) solution after dissolution of the sample in ice-cold hydrofluoric—nitric acid. Total bromide (or iodide) is determined by iodometric titration after oxidation to bromate (or iodate) with hypochlorite solution. The methods have been applied to a wide range of complex glass compositions and results are compared with values obtained by controlled-potential coulometry and x-ray fluorescence analysis.     

Chloride analysis in magnesium metal using ion chromatography with conductometric detection

A simple, rapid and accurate method for the determination of chloride in magnesium metal has been developed. The quantitative determination of chloride was accomplished by anion exchange chromatography with conductometric determination. A Metrosep Anion Dual 2 analytical column connected in series with a Metrosep RP guard column was used for chloride separation. A solution containing a mixture of 1.3 mM Na2CO3 and 2 mM NaHCO3 was used as eluent. The method requires a sample dissolution using nitric acid. The limit of detection for the determination of chloride is 50 mg kg(-1) and the relative standard deviation was 5% for the overall method. The recovery of chloride added was 99-102%. No interference was observed from either the closely eluting "system peak" or the nitrate peak in the determination of chloride.     

Use of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the titrimetric determination of manganese in pyrolusite

A procedure is described for the determination of total manganese in pyrolusite. The sample is decomposed with hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution. The residue left after filtration is fused with sodium carbonate and extracted again with hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution. A suitable aliquot is titrated with EDTA at pH 10, with Eriochrome Black T as indicator, after masking of interfering elements.