聚合型表面活性剂用作分析试剂-PPOTA与PPOCA的合成及分析特性

将长链烷基季氮和非高于烷氧链引入同一个分子中,合成了兼有阳离子和非离子表面活性剂特点的低聚合表面活性剂聚氧化丙烯-α-十六烷基二甲基氯化按(PPOCA)和聚氧化丙烯-α-十四烷基二甲基氯化铵(PPOTA)。研究了其基本性质,并试用作光度分析胶束增敏试剂。     

季铵化N,O-(2-羧乙基)壳聚糖的制备及其抑菌性能

以缩水甘油基三甲基氯化铵(GTMA)、缩水甘油基三乙基氯化铵(GTEA)、缩水甘油基三丙基氯化铵(GTPA)、缩水甘油基三丁基氯化铵(GTBA)和缩水甘油基二甲基苄基氯化铵(GDMBA)等活性季铵盐为季铵化试剂,对N,O-2-羧乙基壳聚糖(N,O-2-CEC)进行了化学改性,得到了系列季铵化N,O-2-CEC(QCEC...     

疏水缔合和静电作用调控P(DTAB-co-AM)与蠕虫状胶束自组装网络

由新型的阳离子疏水单体二甲基十四烷基(3-丙烯酰胺基丙基)溴化铵(DTAB)与丙烯酰胺(AM)共聚合成了阳离子型疏水缔合共聚物P(DTAB-co-AM),研究了该共聚物与蠕虫状胶束自组装后的协同增黏效应,及改变疏水单体含量对自组装体系黏度的调控作用.制备了十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)/水杨酸钠和芥酸钾/三羟乙基苄基氯化铵两类稳定的黏度较大的蠕虫状胶束体系.共聚物P(DTAB-co-AM)与芥酸钾/三羟乙基苄基氯化铵蠕虫状胶束在疏水缔合和静电吸引双重作用下自组装可形成协同增黏的缔合体系,而与CTAC/水杨酸钠阳离子蠕虫状胶束进行自组装由于只有疏水缔合作用,增黏效果不及前者.表观黏度研究表明,随着疏水单体含量的增加,P(DTAB-co-AM)与芥酸钾/三羟乙基苄基氯化铵缔合体系的黏度先增加后降低,当疏水单体含量为0.15 mol%时,缔合体系黏度达到极大值;当疏水单体含量为0.3 mol%时,缔合体系黏度反而低于与阳离子蠕虫状胶束缔合后的黏度.对于共聚物与CTAC/水杨酸钠蠕虫状胶束缔合体系,随着疏水单体含量增加,由于疏水缔合作用与静电排斥作用的相互抵消,致使体系黏度有所下降.由此说明改变疏水单体含量可以达到调控自组装体系黏度的目的.     

表面活性剂在极谱分析中的应用 Ⅲ.铽在铜铁试剂-氯化十二烷基三甲铵(DTMAC)-氯化铵-氢氧化铵体系中的极谱性质及应用

本文研究了16种表面活性剂对铽-铜铁试剂-氯化铵极谱体系的增敏作用。实验结果表明,除阳离子表面活性剂、长链烷基吡啶以及在溶液中不能形成“胶束”的表面活性剂外,其它的阳离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂和两性表面活性剂均能对上述体系产生增敏作用。氯化十二烷基三甲铵(DTMAC)的增敏作用最强。利用示波导数极谱测定铽的最佳条件为:0.03MNH_4Cl-0.08％铜铁试剂(Cup)-0.005％DTMAC-O.1％NH_4OH,pH～9.铽浓度在4.4×10~(-10)M～4.4×1O~(-9)M之间与波高成线性关系。干扰元素经萃取和色谱分离后,本方法可成功地用于矿石中痕量铽的测定。     

用电活性离子对制成的离子选择电极测定阳离子表面活性剂

制备了3种基于不同电活性物质(十二烷基二甲基苄基铵-四苯硼、十六烷基三甲基铵-四苯硼、十八烷基三甲基铵-四苯硼)的阳离子表面活性剂离子选择电极,并对其性能做了测定,结果显示该类电极对阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵均有能斯特响应。以此类电极作为指示电极,四苯硼钠溶液作为滴定剂,对阳离子表面活性剂(十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵、海明1622)进行了活性物含量的测定,与两相滴定法测定结果进行了比较。     

聚合表面活性剂PPOTA用作光度测定钪的增敏试剂

本文研究用本实验室新合成的新型聚合表面活性剂聚(氧化丙烯)-α-十四烷基二甲基氯化铵(PPOTA)作增敏试剂进行钪(Ⅲ)的光度测定。在PPOTA存在下,钪(Ⅲ)与铬天青S在pH5.8-6.8条件下形成配合物,最大吸收波长618nm,摩尔吸光系数为2.34×10~5。配合物的组成为1:2(Sse:CAS)。Sc(Ⅲ)的浓度在0.01—0.25μg/ml范围内符合比耳定律,回归方程为:Csc=0.249A+0.001(μg/ml)。采用单纯形法优化了显色条件。同时发现PPOTA能够抑制测定钪(Ⅲ)时共存稀土的干扰。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定冷冻饮品中的5种季铵盐

建立了快速测定冷冻饮品中5种季铵盐(十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵和双癸基二甲基氯化铵)的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经乙腈-乙酸乙酯(1∶1,体积比)提取2次,提取液于-20℃冷冻脱脂净化,经CAPCELL PAK CR(1∶20)色谱柱分离,以乙腈-5 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1%甲酸)水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式,基质外标法进行定量分析。结果表明,5种季铵盐在0.5～50.0μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.995。5种季铵盐的检出限为0.3～1.5μg/kg,定量下限为1.0～5.0μg/kg。样品基质在5.0、10.0和50.0μg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为80.3%～114%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.5%～8.3%。实际样品检测结果表明,冷冻饮品中存在季铵盐的残留污染。该方法操作便捷,灵敏度高,精密度良好,适用于冷冻饮品中5种季铵盐的定量检测。     

薄层色谱法在Gemini阳离子表面活性剂制备中的应用

以十八烷基二甲基胺(OTA)和环氧氯丙烷(EPIC)为反应原料,经过环氧中间体十八烷基失水甘油基二甲基氯化铵(OGDMAC)合成了Gemini阳离子表面活性剂1,3二(十八烷基二甲基氯化铵)异丙醇。利用薄层色谱法与经典化学滴定法相结合,对其合成及纯化过程进行跟踪,展示了薄层色谱法在Gemini阳离子表面活性剂制备中的应用。     

新型双子表面活性剂在H2S和CO2盐水溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀性能

合成了一系列含有羟基的双子表面活性剂:1,3-双(十二烷基二甲基氯化铵)-2-丙醇(12-3OH-12),1,3-双(十四烷基二甲基氯化铵)-2-丙醇(14-3OH-14),1,3-双(十六烷基二甲基氯化铵)-2-丙醇(16-3OH-16)和1,3-双(十八烷基二甲基氯化铵)-2-丙醇(18-3OH-18).采用静态失重法、极化曲线和交流阻抗技术研究了其在H2S/CO2腐蚀环境中对L360钢的缓蚀作用.结果表明,三种研究方法取得的结论是一致的,缓蚀效果为14-3OH-14>12-3OH-12>16-3OH-16>18-3OH-18.其中,12-3OH-12和14-3OH-14都表现出很好的缓蚀效果,在35mg·L-1的较低浓度下缓蚀率就达95%以上.极化曲线测试结果表明n-3OH-n(n=12,14,16,18)型双子表面活性剂是一种以阳极抑制为主的混合型缓蚀剂.除n=18外,其它三种双子表面活性剂n-3OH-n(n=12,14,16)在L360钢表面的吸附服从朗缪尔等温线,并且属于物理和化学混合吸附.提出了一个用来解释双子表面活性剂在H2S/CO2溶液中缓蚀机理的吸附模型.     

十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵从碱性氰化液中固相萃取金的研究

建立了一种用十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(BDMDAC)从碱性氰化液中固相萃取金的新方法:在碱性介质中,十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵溶液(BDMDAC)与Au(CN)2-络阴离子生成离子缔合物,该离子缔合物可被反相键合硅胶固相萃取柱萃取、富集,用乙醇洗脱,反相键合硅胶固相萃取柱可重复使用。该方法用于从碱性氰化液中固相萃取痕量金,萃取回收率可超过98%。     

Polymer Surfactants as Analytical Reagents——Synthesis of PPOTA and PPOCA and Their Analytical Properties

Two new polymer surfactants poly(propylene oxide)-a-tetradecyl-dimethylammonium chloride(PPOTA) and poly(propylene oxide)-a-cetyl-dimethylammonium chloride(PPOCA) were synthesized,which possess the characteristics of both cationic and nonionic surf actants.The properties of PPOTA and PPOCA were investigated.The synthesized surfactants can be used as sensitizing and solubilizing reagents for spectrophotometric analysis.Some examples of micellae improved by spectrophotometric systems such as Sc(Ⅲ)-CAS,Ge(Ⅳ)-PF and Ni(Ⅱ)-CAS were given.     

Synthesis and analytical properties of the polymerized surfactant pposa

A new low-polymer surfactant, poly(propylene oxide)--stearyldimethylammonium chloride (PPOSA) has been synthesized. It contains a polyglycol main chain and quaternary ammonium branched chains. Investigation of the surface-active properties of PPOSA showed that as a sensitizing and solubilizing reagent for spectrophotometric analysis it possesses some of the characteristics of both cationic and non-ionic surfactants. The surfactant shows a sensitizing effect superior or equal to that of classical surfactants commonly used in analytical chemistry. Use of PPOSA leads to development of some excellent micellar spectrophotometric procedures for determining trace metals.     

Metallomicellar catalysis: effects of bridge-connecting ligands on the hydrolysis of PNPP catalyzed by Cu(II) complexes of ethoxyl-diamine ligands in micellar solution

The syntheses of three ligands are reported: N,N,N′,N′-tetra(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3-propylene-diamine (1), N,N,N′,N′-tetra(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,10-decadiamine (2), N,N,N′,N′-tetra(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4-xylyldiamine (3). The catalytic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl picolinate (PNPP) by the bivalent metal ion Cu(II) complexes of these ligands was studied kinetically in a buffered CTAB or Brij35 micellar solutions at 25 °C and different pH values. The results indicate that 1:2 and 2:1 complexes of these ligands and metal ion are the active species for the catalytic hydrolysis of PNPP in CATB and Brij35 micellar solutions. The ternary complex kinetic model for metallomicellar catalysis was employed to obtain the relative kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. The effects of the structure of the ligands and the microenvironment of reaction on the hydrolytic reaction of PNPP have been discussed in detail.     

New ammonium surfactant-stabilized rhodium(0) colloidal suspensions: influence of novel counter-anions on physico-chemical and catalytic properties

Novel anionic species, such as hydrogen carbonate (HCO(3)(?)), fluoride (F(?)), triflate (CF(3)SO(3)(?)), tetrafluoroborate (BF(4)(?)) and chloride (Cl(?)) were investigated as new partners of water soluble N,N-dimethyl-N-cetyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium salts, used as a protective agent of rhodium colloids. The effect of the surfactant polar head on the micellar behavior, size and morphology of the nanospecies was studied by adapted physico-chemical experiments (surface tension measurements, dynamic light scattering, thermogravimetric and TEM analyses) and discussed in terms of strong or weak stabilization of the growing nanoparticles surface. Finally, the influence of the nanoenvironment generated by the surfactant with various counter-anions was evaluated via the hydrogenation of aromatics.     

邻硝基苯基萤光酮-氯化十六烷基吡啶分光光度法测定排污水中的微量铜

鉴于目前测定排污水中微量铜的分光光度法不够理想,我们曾提出了一种方法^[1]。在此基础上,本文又提出了一种以邻硝基苯基萤光酮(ONPF)为显色剂,以氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)为增溶敏化剂的新方法.本法的选择性与前法^[1]大致相当,而灵敏度提高一倍,为目前最灵敏的分光光度测定铜的方法之一。     

Intramolecular Biaryl Oxidative Coupling of Stilbene Substrates by Vanadium Oxytrichloride (VOCl3): Facile Synthesis of Substituted Phenanthrene Derivatives

The biaryl unit is extensively presented in many classes of natural products, such as polyketides, terpenes, lignanes,coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, and many alkaloids.[1] It has long been recognized that an intramolecular oxidative phenolic or nonphenolic coupling reaction serves as the key step in the biosynthesis of these natural products, and the non-enzymic analogue of this transformation can lead the elegantly simple syntheses of these compounds.[2] During the last decade, a large number of oxidative coupling reagents, such as ferric chloride (FeCl3), phenyliodine(Ⅲ)bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA), lead(Ⅳ) tetraacetate [Pb(OAc)4], thallium(Ⅲ) triflouroacetate (TTFA), as well as vanadium oxytrifluoride (VOF3),[3,4] have been developed for this target. However, extensive application of this synthetic potential has been limited by low yields and unexpected side reactions usually encountered.     

Functional Detergents Containing an Imidazole Ring and Typical Fragments of α-Nucleophiles Underlying Micellar Systems for Cleavage of Esters of Prosphorus Acids

1-Cetyl-3-(2-oximinopropyl)imidazolium, 1-cetyl-3-(2-oxaminoethyl-2-one)imidazolium, and 1-cetyl-3-(2-amino-2-oximinoethyl)imidazolium halides were synthesized.These compounds form in water solutions functional zwitter-ionic micelles as surfactants. The cleavage kinetics of 4-nitrophenyl diethyl phosphate, 4-nitrophenyl ethyl ethylphosphonate, and 4-nitrophenyl tosylate in micelles of the functional detergents and combined micelles of the functional detergents with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride are adequately described in a framework of a simple pseudophase distribution model, and the micellar systems of the detergents are typical -nucleophilic reagents. An equation was suggested for quantitative estimation of the micellar effect of the surfactants that took into account the change in the nucleophilic and basic characteristics of the -nucleophilic center of the detergent and also the influence of the reagents concentrating on transition of the reaction from the water into micelle phase. The maximum acceleration of the S N 2-reaction in the micelles of the functional zwitter-ionic detergents for the cleavage of 4-nitrophenyl diethyl phosphate and 4-nitrophenyl tosylate reached 3500 and 75 000 (oximate surfactant), 3300 and 66 000 (amidoximate surfactant ), and 4800 and 12200 (hydroxamate surfactant) times respectively. New functional detergents underlie unique supernucleophilic micellar system affording extremely high cleavage rates of organophosphorus substrates-ecotoxicants.     

Colloidal-chemical and inhibiting properties of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-(2-hydroxyethyl)alkylamines

Effect of the pH of the medium on colloidal-chemical characteristics of reagents from the N-(2-hydroxyethyl)alkylamine series and the effect of these reagents on the corrosion behavior of 0.5 KP steel in 1 M HCl were studied. The corrosion inhibition mechanism was found.     

显色剂结构与胶束增敏作用的关系 II: Cadion, Cadion 2B的比较

本文从表明活性剂对Cd(II)-Cadion 和Cd(II)-Cadion 2B作用的不同, 研究了有机显色剂分子结构与胶束增敏作用的关系, 发现在无表面活性剂存在时,Cd(II)-Cadion 2B的灵敏度高于Cd(II)-Cadion, 当加入适量表面活性剂后, Cadion体系的增敏效应有如下顺序: SDBS〉混合表面活性剂〉SDS。阳离子表面活性剂无增敏效应。以Triton X-100为例, 分别测定了显色剂及其配合物所在胶束微环境中的D~e~f~f在胶束中的分配系数, 还另用分光光度法和析相法探求增溶位。结果表明: (1)具有两亲结构的被增溶物增溶于胶束的栅状层, 其能否进入栅状层及进入栅状层的深浅, 决定于被增溶物分子的横断面的大小和两亲结构明显程度。(2)在胶束栅状层, 受"刚性不对称微环境"的作用产生增敏作用。(3)从研究Cd(II)-Cadion和Cd(II)-Cadion 2B的分子结构表明: Cd(II)-Cadion 2B的横断面大于Cd(II)-Cadion, 而两亲结构又比Cd(II)-Cadion 不明显, 这是Cd(II)-Cadion 2B胶束增敏率小于Cd(II)-Cadion的主要原因。