利用毛细管电泳和判别分析判断海洛因地理来源

对在中国境内缴获的海洛因样本进行地理来源判断.采用动态涂层毛细管电泳技术(CE)对海洛因样本进行生物碱检测,并利用判别分析法对检测数据进行统计学分析,达到了对中国境内缴获的海洛因样本进行地理来源推断的目的.     

MATLAB在化学计量学中的应用

化学计量学是数学和统计学，化学及计算机科学相互交叉形成的一门新的化学分支学科，是解决化学问题的强有力工具，目前运用于化学计量学的商品软件有MATLAB、Maple,MathCAD,EXCEL,SPSS等。MATLAB是一种高性能的数值计算的科学计算语言，具有程序开发环境简洁直观，数值稳定性好，函数资源丰富的特点，本文以几种常用的化学计量学方法为例，讨论了MATLAB在化学中的应用。     

液相色谱-大气压化学电离质谱分析鉴别地沟油中的氧化成分

采用液相色谱-大气压化学电离质谱(HPLC-APCI-MS)方法,分析了食用油脂和地沟油的甘油三酯(TAG)组成。采用C18色谱柱,乙腈-丙酮为流动相,梯度洗脱,APCI正离子模式检测。应用本方法检测了15个地沟油和11个食用油样品,结果表明,地沟油中存在三亚油酸甘油酯(LLL)、二亚油酸单油酸甘油酯(LOL)、二亚油酸单亚麻酸甘油酯(LLnL),二油酸单亚油酸甘油酯(OOL)等甘油三酯的5种亚油酰基氧化产物。采用偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)化学计量学方法,分析建立了地沟油和正常食用油的判别模型,实现了正常食用油和地沟油区分,模型正确判别率96.2%。在判别模型中,含有亚油酸环氧化物的TAG分子对判别贡献率较大,该类化合物可作为地沟油区别于正常油脂的标志成分。     

化学计量学在锕系元素分析中的应用

锕系元素的化学性质相似,各元素的分离和分析都很困难,用传统的数据解析手段,难以实现各元素的同时、快速分析。化学计量学是一种高效、功能强大的数据解析方法,对于样品复杂,基体干扰严重以及多组分样品的分析具有独特优势。将化学计量学应用于锕系元素的分析中,利用数学分离代替化学分离,可直接对样品进行测定。化学计量学方法也可用来指导试样的科学采集,进行实验设计、仪器分析操作条件选择等。从吸收光谱、ICP–AES及放射性测量3个方面综述了化学计量学在锕系元素分析中的应用,阐明了化学计量学在锕系元素分析中的应用难点及发展前景。     

简讯

化学计量学在速差动力学分析中的应用及发展 南昌大学化学系倪永年对化学计量学在速差动力学分析中的应用及进展进行了评述。文章指出,化学计量学作为数学、统计学、计算机科学与化学的接口、应用于速差动力学分析,不仅可扩大速差动力学分析的应用范围,同时化学计量学自身也能得到进一步发展。近年来分析仪器的日趋自动化和多通道检测器的广泛应用,使速差动力学分析呈现许多新的特点。流动注射及停流技术的应用使速差动力学分析的时间精度、实验条件控制和实验自动化程度得以提高;二极管阵列检测器的联用,使采集以时间为变量的二维数据扩展到动力学与光度、荧光或电分析相结合的三维数据成为可能,这些都进一步促进了化学计量学与速差动力学分析的     

气相色谱/氢火焰检测器快速检测海洛因毒品及其来源推测

建立一种海洛因样本的快速检测和来源推测的方法。采用气相色谱/氢火焰检测器(GC/FID)和主成分分析(PCA)的方法对675份云南、新疆两地海洛因样本进行了检测,实现了云南、新疆两地缴获海洛因毒品的特征性划分,阳性率达到83.5%以上。采用GC/FID技术和主成分分析的方法可以实现海洛因样本地理来源区分。     

化学计量学在过程分析中的应用及进展

评述了化学计量学方法在生产过程分析中各个方面 ,如过程优化、过程模拟、仪器及仪器校正、过程监测等方面的应用 ,并展望了化学计量学在过程分析中的应用前景     

化学计量学在电分析化学中的新进展

评述了化学计量学的各种方法,如主成分分析、偏最小二乘、小波分析、人工神经网络等在电分析化学中的进展,主要介绍了这些方法在电分析化学中的应用,并展望了化学计量学在电分析化学中的应用前景。     

化学计量学在毒物化学归因中的应用

近十年来,化学计量学方法与分析技术相结合,对样品进行了表征和鉴别,产生了信息量大、代表性强的样品检测方法。在法医学案件鉴定处理中,使用这些新技术和数学/统计学方法,可获得统计可信度的结果,从而有助于法医学案件以及毒性化合物中毒事件的追踪溯源。该文对毒物检测中使用的化学计量学方法进行了详细讨论,对其优缺点进行了比较总结,并对毒物化学归因中化学计量学的未来发展应用进行了展望。     

《化学计量学方法》（第二版）简介

《化学计量学方法》(第二版)在第一版的基础上补充了最新出现的化学计量学研究方法和最新的研究成果。该书包括了化学计量学的主要内容,全书共分 15章,分别为误差及与数理统计基础、回归分析、相关分析和数据平滑、最优化方法、主成分分析和因子分析、偏最小二乘方法、多元校正及分辨、小波分析、遗传算法和模拟退火算法、人工神经网络法及在化学中的应用、模拟识别方法、化合物结构表征和构效关系研究、组合化学、谱图库检索和结构解析专家系统及实验设计。此外,为方便读者查阅,该书还将常用数据信息列为附表。《化学计量学方法》(第二…     

Direct injection determination of benzoylecgonine, heroin, 6-monoacetylmorphine and morphine in serum by MLC

A simple and sensitive direct injection chromatographic procedure is developed for the determination of heroin, two of its metabolites (morphine and 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM)), and benzoylecgonine (a metabolite of cocaine) in serum samples. The proper resolution of the four substances is obtained with a chemometrics approach, where the retention is modelled as a first step using the retention factors obtained in a limited number of mobile phases. Afterwards, an optimisation criterion that takes into account the position and shape of the chromatographic peaks is applied. The mobile phase selected to carry out the analysis was 0.1 mol L(-1) SDS-4% (v/v) butanol buffered at pH 7, in which the separation is performed in less than 18 min. The limits of quantification were in the 17-36 ng mL(-1) range. Intra- and inter-day assay accuracy and precision (below 3%) were obtained following ICH guidelines. The method developed was applied to the determination of the drugs studied in serum samples with good recoveries (90-104%). Serum samples from subjects that have been ingested cocaine and heroin were also analysed. The samples were injected directly in the chromatographic system without any pretreatment.     

Poly(vinyl chloride) matrix membrane electrode for the selective determination of heroin (diamorphine) in illicit powders

The potentiometric response characteristics of a poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrode for heroin based on its ion-pair complex with tetraphenylborate were examined. The influence of pH, temperature and time on the performance of the electrode system was investigated. The electrode shows a near-Nernstian response over the heroin concentration range 10(-2)-10(-4) M with good precision. The mean relative standard deviation for the determination of heroin in 40 micrograms ml-1(-1) mg ml-1 aqueous heroin hydrochloride solutions is 1.2%. The electrode exhibits good selectivity for heroin in the presence of a number of adulterants and basic organic compounds commonly present in illicit heroin powders. The method was applied to the direct potentiometric determination of heroin in illicit powders (10-36% heroin) and the results agreed fairly well with those obtained by gas - liquid chromatography.     

不同pH条件下海洛因毒品的溶解性研究

对海洛因毒品进行pH溶解性考察,在pH4.53～11.89范围内,采用液-液萃取方法对海洛因毒品进行提取,当溶液呈现酸性条件时,海洛因毒品的溶水性要大于有机相的溶解性,随着pH值的增加,海洛因毒品的有机相溶解性呈现先增加后降低的趋势,并在pH8.97附近达到最大值,证明了pH值条件的控制对于海洛因毒品的提取具有较大的影响。结果表明,当pH值控制在8.5～9.5之间时,海洛因毒品的水溶液提取满足司法检验的要求。     

An Expeditious Method Combining Multi-Components Determination and Fingerprinting Based on Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photo Diode Array-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Chemometrics: Application for Authentication and Quality Evaluation of Cornus Officinalis Sieb. et Zucc

Selective and efficient analytical methods for authentication and quality evaluation of herbal medicines are significant and necessary. An expeditious method combining multi-components determination and fingerprinting based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA -MS/MS) and chemometrics for authentication and quality evaluation of Cornus Officinalis Sieb. et Zucc was developed. Tandem mass spectrometer operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used for determination of three characteristic constituents (morroniside, sweroside, and loganin) in C. Officinalis. Meanwhile, UPLC fingerprint of C. Officinalis was established and the data set was submitted for classification to a suite of chemometrics method. Combing main biologically active components content level and chemometrics analysis, the effects of cultivation area, harvesting, and storage time on the quality of C. Officinalis were investigated. The study reveals that multi-components determination coupled with fingerprinting could be applied for authentication and quality evaluation of C. Officinalis which is accurate, efficient, and reliable.     

利用毛细管电泳和主成分分析判断海洛因地理来源

对在中国境内缴获的海洛因样本进行地理来源判断.采用动态涂层毛细管电泳技术(CE)对300份海洛因样本进行生物碱定量检测,并利用主成分分析建立二维教学模型.实现了对中国境内缴获的海洛因样本地理来源的推断.     

Determination of Heroin Based on Analyte Pulse Perturbation to an Oscillating Chemical Reaction

IntroductionOscillating chemical reaction is a complexphysico- chemical system,which deals with manyintermediate processes and intermediate species.Basically,in an oscillating chemical reaction sys-tem,the concentrations of the catalyst and/or in-termediate species undergo oscillations with time.Under specific reaction conditions,the oscillationsare reflected in color change[1] ( the oscillatingspecies exhibit different colors) ,p H change[2 ]( variations in H+ or OH-concentration in themedi…     

微分脉冲溶出伏安法结合化学计量学测定醚类除草剂

在pH=6.82的Britton-Robinson缓冲溶液中,采用循环伏安法和微分脉冲溶出伏安法对醚类除草剂甲羧除草醚(Bifenox)和三氟羧草醚(Acifluofen)的伏安行为进行了研究,发现吸附时间为50 s时此电化学体系达到平衡,而且微分脉冲溶出伏安法能给出较高的灵敏度,甲羧除草醚和三氟羧草醚分别在-685 mV和-700 mV处具有良好还原峰,但由于峰电位接近而谱峰重叠,很难分别测定.本文采用化学计量学方法来解析重叠峰并完成这两种除草剂的定量分析.甲羧除草醚和三氟羧草醚的测定线性范围分别为0.02～0.18 μg·5mL~(-1)和0.02～0.16 μg·5mL~(-1),检出限分别为0.0073 μg·5mL~(-1)和0.0068 μg·5mL~(-1).利用该方法对水样中的甲羧除草醚和三氟羧草醚进行直接测定,获得了较好的定量分析结果.     

Multi-wavelength spectrophotometric determination of the protolytic constants of tetracycline hydrochloride in some nonaqueous-water mixed solvents: a solvatochromism study

Annihilation of the contribution of one chemical component from the original data matrix is a general method in rank annihilation factor analysis (RAFA). However, RAFA is not applicable for studying the protonation equilibria of multiprotic acids but in this study two-rank annihilation factor analysis (TRAFA) was used as an efficient chemometrics algorithm for determination of the protolytic constants (pKa) of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCHC) in some nonaqueous-water mixed solvents such as acetonitrile (AN)-water and methanol (MeOH)-water from the spectral pH-absorbance data. The spectral data was obtained from spectrophotometric acid-base titrations of different solutions of TCHC at (25.0±0.10)°C and an ionic strength of 0.10 M. In TRAFA algorithm the pKa values were obtained with relationship between residual standard deviation (R.S.D.) and hypothetical pKa values. In the case of TCHC, the spectra were divided in two consecutive subdivisions according to their pH range having two pKa and TRAFA was run twice. The validity of the obtained pKa values was checked with well-known chemometrics algorithms such as DATAN, EQUSPEC, SPECFIT/32 and SQUAD. The effects of changing solvent composition on the protolytic constants were explained by linear solvation energy relationships (LSER) utilizing solvatochromic parameters.