两性淀粉接枝共聚物的就地制备和性质

糊化淀粉经阳离子试剂醚化后再直接与丙烯酸钠(AA-Na)/丙烯酰胺(AM)接枝共聚,制得具有两性的淀粉接枝共聚物。并对淀粉的阳离子试剂醚化、淀粉与AA-Na/AM接枝共聚的接枝率、单体转化率、接枝效率及淀粉的糊化方式对产物性能的影响进行了研究。为工厂就地生产和应用两性淀粉接枝共聚物提供技术依据。     

接枝环氧树脂水分散液的合成、分离与表征

控制不同的反应条件,采用甲基丙烯酸、苯乙烯与环氧树脂在丙二醇丁醚/正丁醇溶剂中接枝共聚,合成了粒径在87～104nm范围的环氧树脂水分散液。通过环己烷/乙醇和丙酮两步萃取,对接枝共聚产物进行分离,用FTIR表征,并估算了接枝共聚物的组成。实验结果表明,所制备的粒径为纳米级的环氧树脂水分散液,具有良好的机械稳定性、冻融稳定性及贮存稳定性。ξ电位测定表明,产物在pH>8的条件下更为稳定。     

接枝共聚改性氧化淀粉及电流变性研究

通过自由基接枝共聚的方法，合成了改性的氧化淀粉-BA—MAA—Gd共聚物，采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、同步热分析、x射线粉末衍射等方法对产物进行了结构表征。用接枝物制备了电流变液，测定了在不同接枝物含量和电场强度下体系的电流变效应。实验结果表明：该电流变液体系的剪切应力随着电场强度的增大而增大；而在相同电场强度下，剪切应力则随电流变液中接枝物含量的增加而增大。     

丙烯酸硅油镧对聚丙烯改性作用的研究

将丙烯酸镧与丙烯酸反应得到的丙烯酸硅油镧与聚丙烯接枝共聚,探讨了丙烯酸硅油镧与聚丙烯接枝共聚的方法和原理,通过电子显微镜、红外光谱对产物进行了定性表征,并用电子拉力试验机、冲击实验机对产物力学性能进行了测定.实验结果表明,经丙烯酸硅油镧接枝共聚后的聚丙烯,拉伸强度随丙烯酸硅油镧引入量达到3%时,下降了1.5%;但其韧性得到提高,冲击强度在接枝共聚后最高可提高76%.     

氧化锌催化淀粉/乳酸接枝共聚物的制备与表征

以氧化锌为催化剂,采用原位聚合法制备了淀粉/乳酸接枝共聚物。由FT-IR、1H NMR、XRD和SEM对接枝产物进行了表征,且讨论了反应温度、淀粉与乳酸质量比、催化剂用量和反应时间对淀粉接枝率的影响,结果表明,当反应温度为95℃,淀粉与乳酸质量比为1∶5,催化剂用量为乳酸质量的1.0%,反应时间11 h时,产物的接枝率可达到14.20%。     

淀粉与丙烯酰胺流变相的微波辐射接枝共聚

微波辐射淀粉接枝乙烯基类单体的共聚反应，一般都采用溶液聚合，得到的产物含水量大，产物分离困难。本文将流变相反应法用于接枝共聚反应，探讨微波辐射下玉米淀粉与丙烯酰胺流变相态接枝共聚反应。     

微波法合成淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐类高吸水性树脂的研究

以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂、过硫酸铵为引发剂、在微波辐照下对淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐共聚进行了系统的研究,确定了最佳的反应条件,合成了粉末状的高吸水性树脂。并用FTIR和固体NMR等方法探讨了淀粉一丙烯酸盐接枝共聚物的结构特征。实验结果表明,利用微波技术合成淀粉一丙烯酸盐接枝共聚物可实现一次合成、干燥,简化合成工艺。淀粉与丙烯酸盐质量比为40／100左右时产物的接枝率最大,且吸水速率明显高于化学法合成的高吸水树脂。     

淀粉与丙烯酰胺的接枝共聚

本文以木薯淀粉为骨架,以丙烯酰胺为单体,进行淀粉—丙烯酰胺接枝共聚的研究。对接枝共聚过程中引发剂浓度、单体浓度、反应温度、反应时间、介质酸浓度及淀粉糊化温度等因素的影响进行了讨论,寻找接枝共聚的最佳反应条件。     

改性木薯淀粉/橡胶复合材料的制备及性能研究

以木薯淀粉、马来酸酐、苯乙烯为原料,过硫酸钾为引发剂,通过溶液共聚合成了一系列苯乙烯改性淀粉树脂(SMS)。然后将改性淀粉同丁苯橡胶(SBR)、天然橡胶(NR)进行混炼、硫化模压成型,制得苯乙烯改性淀粉/丁苯橡胶/天然橡胶复合材料。采用红外光谱(IR)对苯乙烯改性淀粉接枝共聚物进行了结构表征。通过拉伸性能测试考察了不同苯乙烯含量的木薯淀粉接枝产物对丁苯橡胶/天然橡胶的力学性能的影响。结果表明,淀粉改性后,随着苯乙烯含量的增多,所得复合橡胶的拉伸强度与邵氏硬度均呈现先增加后降低的趋势。当苯乙烯用量为15%时所制得的苯乙烯改性淀粉/丁苯橡胶/天然橡胶复合材料的拉伸强度与邵氏硬度最大且优于未改性淀粉复合材料,其拉伸强度为2.0MPa,邵氏硬度为25.8HD。     

PEB/MMA-AN悬浮接枝共聚反应机理

研究了乙烯-1-丁烯共聚物(PEB)弹性体与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)-丙烯腈(AN)悬浮接枝共聚反应行为及接枝共聚产物对SAN树脂增韧作用随反应时间的变化规律, 用凝胶渗透色谱法和傅里叶变换红外光谱法对接枝共聚产物进行了表征, 分析了接枝共聚反应机理, 推算了接枝链分子量. 结果表明, 体系首先发生链增长自由基向PEB转移终止形成非接枝共聚物(MAN_L)和PEB大分子自由基引发单体共聚形成接枝链(g-MAN)的反应, 接枝反应结束后体系发生明显的非接枝共聚形成非接枝共聚物(MAN_H)的反应; MAN_L的分子量低于g-MAN的分子量, 而g-MAN的分子量明显低于MAN_H的分子量; 在接枝共聚过程中发生已接枝和未接枝PEB断链并随机再接生成多嵌段共聚物的副反应; 在反应初期, 接枝链的AN单元含量接近于非接枝共聚物的AN单元含量, 在反应中后期前者远低于后者.     

Synthesis and characterization of graft copolymers containing polystyrene and liquid-crystalline segments

The synthesis and characterization of novel graft copolymers containing side-chain liquid-crystalline backbones and polystyrene grafts are described. The liquid-crystalline behaviour and the phase separation are examined with respect to the molecular weight of the grafts and the composition of the graft copolymers.     

Some Recent Advances in Pure and Applied Aspects of Graft Copolymers

In recent years more attention has been given to the preparation and characterization of graft copolymers and an examination of their properties than to developing novel methods of synthesis. In particular, these property studies can be used to develop applications of graft copolymers. The methods used to prepare and characterize better defined grafts are briefly reviewed. The structure of most graft copolymers is such that considerable amounts of one polymer can be grafted to another without affecting greatly the main properties of that polymer. In this way, the properties of one polymer such as higher water absorption can be imparted to another without changing the mechanical properties, for example, of the second polymer.

Some other inherent properties of graft copolymers are discussed, including their compatibility with the parent homopolymers, their possible con-formational changes, and other features. Finally, the use of the special nature of graft copolymers for the modification of the barrier properties of film and membranes is discussed as one possible general field of application.     

聚合物微观结构对聚合物电解质膜性能的影响

聚合物的微观结构是设计具有优异的电化学性能的聚合物电解质膜(PEMs)的基础.在电解质膜中,相分离结构形成的离子簇和离子通道可以影响膜在高温低湿度条件下的离子传导和水的传输,这种结构形成的形貌也可以影响膜的吸水率、溶胀度、碱稳定性等性能.近几年来,人们对于具有微观相分离形貌的PEMs的合成和形貌开展了很多研究.本文主要...     

On the macro- and microphase separation of compatibilizers in immiscible polymer blends

Macro- and microphase separation of compatibilizing graft copolymers in melt-mixed polystyrene/polyamide-6 blends was studied by transmission electron microscopy and thermal analysis. Three different graft copolymers with main chains of polystyrene and side chains of poly(ethylene oxide) were used as additives at various concentrations. The polyamide-6 domain sizes decreased with increasing amounts of compatibilizing graft copolymers in the blends up to a saturation concentration, after which no further reduction was noted. Macrophase separation of the graft copolymers into discrete macrodomains 20–200 nm in size occurred at concentrations equal to or slightly lower than the saturation concentration. The macrodomains of the graft copolymers were microphase separated, and the sizes and shapes of the microdomains were found to largely depend on the graft copolymer structure and composition. As a consequence of microphase separation, poly(ethylene oxide) crystallinity was noted in blends with sufficiently high macrophase contents. Observations of a graft copolymer interphase between the polystyrene matrix and the polyamide-6 domains confirmed that the graft copolymer was present at the blend interfaces in some of the compatibilized blends. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

聚丙烯及其共混物/共聚物体系动态流变行为研究进展

聚丙烯共混物、共聚物具有复杂的凝聚态结构,其结构形态、相容性和相分离的研究一直是该领域的中心课题。与常规研究方法(DSC、DMA等)相比,动态流变学方法在研究聚合物结构与形态方面具有独特的优势,对聚合物形态结构的变化十分敏感。本文根据动态流变学基本理论,重点介绍和评述了动态流变学方法在研究聚丙烯及其共混物/共聚物体系形态结构、相容性以及相分离方面的最新进展。动态流变学方法被证明是研究聚丙烯基多相/多组分体系形态结构、相容性和相分离的有效手段。     

Synthesis,characterization and metal ion sorption studies of graft copolymers of cellulose with glycidyl methacrylate and some comonomers

To develop low-cost and environmentally friendly polymeric materials for enrichment, separation and remediation of metal ions from water, novel reactive graft copolymers based on cellulose extracted from pine needles were synthesized by grafting of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) alone and with comonomers acrylic acid, acrylamide and acrylonitrile by benzoyl peroxide initiation. Structural aspects of graft copolymers have been characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, and solvent uptake behaviour. An attempt has been made to study sorption of Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ ions on candidate graft copolymers by an equilibration method and to investigate the structural aspects of graft copolymers and establish a relationship between the structural aspects of graft copolymers and metal ion uptake efficiency and selectivity.     

用于毛细管电泳分离DNA的聚合物介质的研究进展

综述了用于毛细管电泳分离DNA及测序的聚合物介质的研究进展。这类聚合物主要有均聚物、无规共聚物、嵌段共聚物、接枝共聚物、共混聚合物、准互穿聚合物网络和微交联纳米凝胶聚合物,并对各种结构的聚合物的筛分性能进行了比较。     

Synthesis and characterization of model block-graft copolymers via anionic polymerization: Introduction of poly(isoprene) and poly(ethylene oxide) as graft chains

New architectural graft copolymers were prepared, that is, the graft chains were situated in terminal or center position of the backbone chain. These graft copolymers were termed block-graft copolymers. Two different block-graft copolymers were prepared from a “grafting onto” process and a “grafting from” process via living anionic polymerization. These backbone chains are poly(styrene), and the graft chains are poly(isoprene) and poly(ethylene oxide). The polymers were characterized by GPC measurements, osmometry, and ultracentrifugation. The block-graft copolymers formed fine microphase separation structures. It was a morphological feature that an apparent volume fraction of the graft to the backbone might be higher than the real volume fraction.     

Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) of Complex Polymers-Methods of Correction for Imperfect Resolution

Abstract

Herein is reported a review and extension of recently published methods of correction for imperfect resolution (inadequate peak separation and or excessive peak broadening) for the SEC of linear homo and uniform copolymers and complex polymers such as polymers with long chain branching and nonuniform copolymers. Emphasis Is placed on analytical correction methods and absolute detector systems such as the low angle laser light scattering photometer and viscometer in series with a mass detector. Analytical correction methods and absolute detector systems play a vital role in the SEC characterization of complex polymers.     

聚苯乙烯大单体与丙烯酸丁酯接枝共聚物的微观分相与表面性能研究

研究了以大单体技术合成的不同侧链长度的苯乙烯与丙烯酸丁酯的接枝共聚物的侧链长度对其微观分相与表面性能的影响,发现仅当聚苯乙烯侧链分子量大于5900时,才可能发生部分微观相分离,分离后对其表面性能影响不明显。临界表面张力r_c虽有差异,但色散力部分y_s^D的计算值却较一致,与所用参照液无关。实验证实,接枝共聚物的表面几乎全被低表面能的聚丙烯酸丁酯骨架所复盖,呈现出明显的表面富集现象。