pH响应的磁共振成像造影剂的研究进展

pH响应的磁共振成像(MRI)造影剂不仅能够对病变部位进行特异性增强成像,提高MRI检测疾病的灵敏度,而且可通过检测病变组织中的pH变化,为疾病的诊断提供依据。本文综述了pH响应的MRI造影剂的研究进展,介绍了其pH响应机理、种类与结构及应用,并对它的发展前景做了展望。     

磁共振成像造影剂的一些进展

本文综述了近年来磁共振成像造影剂的一些研究进展,对70余种钆配合物作了分类讨论。     

以阿拉伯半乳聚糖为载体的磁共振成像造影剂的研究

合成了阿拉伯半乳聚糖修饰的DTPA钆配合物,用红外光谱、元素分析、ICP-AES等手段进行了表征,用竞争性方法研究了其在水溶液中的稳定性,测试了其在水中及BSA溶液中的弛豫性能,并进行了体内成像实验.结果表明,其弛豫效率是目前临床所用造影剂Gd-DTPA的1.5～2.0倍,对肝脏和肾脏MRI信号具有良好的增强效果,是比较好的潜在磁共振成像造影剂.     

医疗诊断新技术--磁共振成像术

本文介绍了2003年诺贝尔生理医学奖项的内容-磁共振成像技术。简述了核磁共振(NMR)和磁共振成像(MRI)的基本原理,介绍了目前MRI造影剂的研究进展。     

水溶性金属卟啉肿瘤靶向磁共振成像造影剂的研究

利用显微荧光－阿达玛变换三维图像分析研究了Ｃｕ－ＴＳＰＰ，Ｍｎ－ＴＳＰＰ，Ｃｕ－ＴＭＡＰ，Ｍｎ－ＴＭＡＰ４种水溶性金属卟啉人细胞间质进入肿瘤细胞内的富集过程，对金属卟啉的自旋－晶格驰豫性能（Ｒ１）的天空结果表明，Ｍｎ（Ⅱ）卟啉配合物的Ｒ１、值结Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ提高１．５－２倍。     

夹心型锰杂多配合物作为磁共振成像造影剂的研究

以两种夹心型锰杂多配合物K10[Mn4(PW9O34)2]·22H2O和Na16[Mn4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]·53H2O作为研究对象, 采用元素分析和红外光谱对其结构进行了表征, 测试其在水中、牛血清白蛋白及运铁蛋白溶液中的弛豫效率, 并进行了大鼠活体成像实验. 结果表明, 这两种锰杂多配合物的弛豫效率高于或接近于目前临床常用的造影剂Gd-DTPA, 对肝脏和肾脏MRI信号具有良好的增强效果, 是比较好的潜在磁共振成像造影剂候选化合物.     

磁共振增强扫描造影剂外漏原因及内科护理

本文探讨磁共振增强扫描造影剂外漏的影响因素及相关护理问题.36例造影剂外漏患者为实验组,30例非造影剂外漏患者为对照组,收集两组患者的临床资料进行整理分析.结果发现,实验组中,年龄≤10岁或≥65岁患者、患有血管性疾病和肿瘤性疾病患者、穿刺静脉、注射速度快、注射渗透压高时,造影剂外漏均高于对照组(P＜0.05).多因素...     

高分子钆配合物磁共振造影剂的研究进展

近年来,高分子磁共振造影剂因其弛豫效率高、体内驻留时间长、器官选择性好和毒副作用小等优点而倍受关注。本文综述用于磁共振造影剂的高分子钆配合物的最新研究进展。讨论了将官能化的配合物与线性、树状聚合物及生物大分子结合制备高分子钆配合物的合成方法,并介绍了高分子钆配合物磁共振造影剂的性能、应用和发展前景。     

肝靶向性磁共振成像造影剂——含D—半乳糖基的DTPA双酰胺钆…

通过二乙三胺五乙酸的双Ｎ－羟基琥珀酰亚胺活性酯与含氨基的乳糖或Ｄ－半乳糖衍生物反应，合成了８种含有Ｄ－半乳糖基的二乙三胺五乙酸非离子型配体，并进一步合成了其钆（Ⅲ）配合物，配体及配合物的结构经ＩＲ，＾１ＨＮＭＲ与元素分析表征，对配合物的体外驰豫性能和小鼠急性毒性作了初步研究，家兔在磁共振成像实验表明这种上类造影剂具有肝靶向的特性。     

Mn2＋-NaY型分子筛作为口服胃肠道MRI造影剂的研究

用离子交换法制备了Mn^2＋交换的NaY分子筛MnNaY, 用红外光谱(IR)和X射线粉末衍射(XRD)等方法进行了表征. 研究了Mn^2＋含量为3.2%的样品在酸性水溶液中的稳定性和离子交换选择性. 弛豫时间测量和体内磁共振成像实验表明其弛豫效率变化范围为4.9～9.7 mmol•L•s^－1, 高于目前临床所用造影剂Gd-DTPA, 对胃部MRI信号具有良好的增强效果. 它是比较好的潜在口服胃肠道造影剂.     

Cleaved Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as T2 Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents are reported to effectively improve magnetic resonance imaging of tissues and cells. In this work, cleaved iron oxide nanoparticles (CIONPs) were generated from hydrophobic FeO nanoparticles (HIONPs) by coating their surfaces with PEG‐phospholipids, oxidizing them under water, and slowly removing the residual FeO phase in phthalate buffer. The synthesized CIONPs showed good r₂ values of up to 258 s^?1 mM ^?1. Thus, the CIONPs can be employed as vectors for drug delivery due to their unique structure with an empty inner space, which enables their use in a wide range of applications.     

温度和pH敏感高分子含钆核磁共振成像造影剂的合成及性能

以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺为温度敏感单体,以甲基丙烯酸为p H敏感单体,与三丙烯酸菲洛啉钆进行无皂乳液聚合,一步合成了具有温度和pH敏感的高分子含钆核磁共振成像(MRI)造影剂(TPRPP).动态光散射测试结果表明,TPRPP的粒径随温度或p H值的变化而发生较大的改变.体外MRI测试结果表明,TPRPP的横向弛豫时间(T_1)的加权弛豫率约为11.3 L/(mmol·s),为临床造影剂Magnevist~的2.6倍.体内MRI结果表明,TPRPP在肝和脾中具有明显的正增强效果.研究结果表明,TPRPP是一种优异的多功能MRI造影剂,具有极大的临床研究价值.     

Redox Properties and in Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cyclodextrin-Polynitroxides Contrast Agents

This paper reports the synthesis, characterization and in vivo application of water-soluble supramolecular contrast agents (Mw: 5–5.6 kDa) for MRI obtained from β-cyclodextrin functionalized with different kinds of nitroxide radicals, both with piperidine structure ( CD2 and CD3 ) and with pyrrolidine structure ( CD4 and CD5 ). As to the stability of the radicals in presence of ascorbic acid, CD4 and CD5 have low second order kinetic constants (≤0.05 M⁻¹ s⁻¹) compared to CD2 (3.5 M⁻¹ s⁻¹) and CD3 (0.73 M⁻¹ s⁻¹). Relaxivity (r₁) measurements on compounds CD3 - CD5 were carried out at different magnetic field strength (0.7, 3, 7 and 9.4 T). At 0.7 T, r₁ values comprised between 1.5 mM⁻¹ s⁻¹ and 1.9 mM⁻¹ s⁻¹ were found while a significant reduction was observed at higher fields (r₁≈0.6-0.9 mM⁻¹ s⁻¹ at 9.4 T). Tests in vitro on HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells, L929 mouse fibroblasts and U87 glioblastoma cells indicated that all compounds were non-cytotoxic at concentrations below 1 μmol mL⁻¹. MRI in vivo was carried out at 9.4 T on glioma-bearing rats using the compounds CD3 - CD5 . The experiments showed a good lowering of T₁ relaxation in tumor with a retention of the contrast for at least 60 mins confirming improved stability also in vivo conditions.     

新型生物相容性大分子磁共振成像造影剂的性质研究

将天冬氨酸与亮氨酸反应,合成了天冬氨酸-亮氨酸共聚物(PL),通过乙二胺将钆-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸(Gd-DOTA)连接到PL上,制备了大分子磁共振成像造影剂PL-A2-DOTA-Gd,通过核磁碳谱、凝胶色谱等方法对其结构进行了表征,利用细胞毒性实验、溶血性实验、体外弛豫效率测定以及体内动物磁共振成像等方法对其性能进行了评估。研究表明,PL-A2-DOTA-Gd的细胞毒性远低于临床应用的造影剂Gd-DOTA,且其弛豫效率(15.3 L/(mmol·s))是Gd-DOTA(5.8 L/(mmol·s))的2.6倍。大分子磁共振成像造影剂PL-A2-DOTA-Gd具有良好的血液相容性,对昆明小鼠的肝脏信号的增强效果约为Gd-DOTA的3.1倍,且能在较长时间内保持良好稳定的增强效果。     

One-pot Synthesis of PEGylated Gd-based Nanoparticles as High-performance and Biocompatibility Contrast Agents for T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging In vivo

Polyethylene glycol modified(PEGylated) NaGdF4(PEG-NaGdF4) nanoparticles as a novel T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) contrast agent was successfully constructed by a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis method. Because of the functionalization of PEG, the nanoprobes had excellent dispersity, excellent stability and high biocompatibility. More importantly, the as-prepared PEG-NaGdF4 nanoprobes revealed the high longitudinal relaxivity value and prominent -weighted MRI contrast performance, which was superior to the commercial MRI contrast agents. With the facile synthesis, excellent dispersity, outstanding stability, remarkable contrast performance and high biocompatibility, the PEGylated NaGdF4 nanoparticles brought more opportunities to the new generation of nanoparticulate-based T1-weighted MRI contrast agents in clinic.