气相色谱-质谱法测定塑料中四溴双酚A

提出了气相色谱-质谱法测定塑料中四溴双酚A含量的方法。样品经乙酸乙酯超声提取20min后,氮气吹干。用甲苯5.0mL溶解残渣,经乙酸酐衍生化后,所得衍生产物过DB-5MS色谱柱分离,电子轰击离子源质谱检测。四溴双酚A的质量浓度在0.1～100mg.L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系。以ABS和PS塑料样品为基体,进行加标回收试验,回收率在分别为97.0%和94.2%,相对标准偏差(n=5)小于6.5%。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定电子产品中的四溴双酚-A

建立了电子产品中四溴双酚-A(TBBP-A)的气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)检测方法。样品经丙酮提取后挥发至干,经二氯甲烷重新溶解后,用碳酸钾溶液反提取,反提取液与乙酸酐衍生化反应。衍生产物经正己烷提取后,采用GC-MS进行分析。结果表明,方法的线性范围为0.25～5.0 mg/L,相关系数为0.996;方法的检出限为0.05 mg/kg;平均回收率为87.3%～104.1%,相对标准偏差为5.6%～8.5%。该方法准确、灵敏,可用于实际电子产品中四溴双酚-A的分析。     

液相色谱-质谱法同时测定塑料制品中的双酚A和四溴双酚A

建立了高效液相色谱-质谱同时测定塑料制品中的双酚A(BPA)和四溴双酚A(TBBP-A)的方法。采用超声波萃取技术萃取样品。系统地考察了前处理条件、色谱条件和质谱参数。实验表明,在50 ℃条件下,加入20 mL二氯甲烷对塑料样品中的BPA和TBBP-A超声提取60 min可获得较好的提取效果。以甲醇和水为流动相,采用液相色谱-质谱联用分离和检测BPA和TBBP-A。该方法的线性范围为0.1～2.0 mg/L; BPA和TBBP-A检出限分别为0.01 mg/kg和0.02 mg/kg;回收率为85.4%～97.6%。该方法分离时间短,操作简便,实用性强,灵敏度高,适用于塑料制品中双酚A和四溴双酚A的残留分析。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定奶瓶中双酚A含量

提出了气相色谱-质谱法测定奶瓶中双酚A含量的方法。取剪碎的样品经二氯甲烷溶解,甲醇提取后,所得净化液中双酚A与N,O-双(三甲基硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺-三甲基氯硅烷(99+1)溶液进行衍生化反应,产物用乙酸乙酯定容。在气相色谱分离中用DB-5MS毛细管柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式。双酚A的质量浓度在10.0～200.0μg·L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为1.0mg·kg-1。方法用于奶瓶中双酚A的测定,回收率在77.5%～95.1%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)为3.9%。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定污水处理厂水样中双酚A、四溴双酚A及烷基酚类化合物

近年来,双酚A、四溴双酚A及烷基酚类化合物由于其对水生生物的内分泌干扰作用受到越来越广泛的关注。污水处理厂是处理这类化合物的重要途径,研究目标物在其中的浓度分布对于探明此类物质在环境中的暴露水平具有重要意义,而建立相应的分析测定方法则是开展上述研究的基础。本研究建立了同时测定污水处理厂水样中双酚A、四溴双酚A及6种烷基酚类化合物的反相液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱分析方法。结果发现,以ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱（150 mm×2.1 mm,3.5 μm）为分离柱,乙腈和0.02%（v/v）氨水溶液为梯度洗脱的流动相,电喷雾质谱负离子模式下目标化合物在11 min内分离;在1~100 μg/L范围内,双酚A、四溴双酚A及6种烷基酚类化合物的峰面积与质量浓度的线性关系良好（R²≥0.998）,方法定量限为2.0~20 ng/L;添加水平分别为0.2、2、20 μg/L时,目标化合物的平均回收率分别为64.3%~118.0%、65.9%~100.5%、70.3%~102.7%,相对标准偏差均小于7.1%。基于上述方法,对江苏省某工业园区污水处理厂水样中相关物质进行检测,出水中检出5种目标化合物,质量浓度范围为11.9~3015.3 ng/L。结果表明,该方法准确可靠、灵敏度高,适用于污水处理厂水样中相关烷基酚类化合物的检测。     

气相色谱-质谱法分析食品包装材料中双酚A

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定食品包装材料中双酚A(BPA)的分析方法.经过对影响双酚A提取条件的优化,实验选用甲醇索氏提取法.方法的线性范围是0.5～2000μg/L;检出限为0.3μg/L;RSD为4.5%.此方法已用于多种日常食品包装材料中双酚A的测定.     

GC-MS法测定涂料中的四溴双酚A

建立了GC-MS法检测涂料中四溴双酚A的分析方法,并对样品前处理条件和GC-MS分析条件进行优化。采用二氯甲烷-丙酮(1∶1)混合溶剂超声提取样品,萃取液经硅胶小柱净化,平行蒸发定量浓缩后采用气相色谱-质谱法测定,外标法定量。结果显示,四溴双酚A标准溶液在1~50 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.999;方法的定量下限(LOQ)为2 mg/kg,加标回收率为83.2%~104%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=8)为2.6%~4.7%。该方法操作简便、分析快速、结果准确,可满足涂料中四溴双酚A的定性定量分析要求。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定儿童和成人尿液中双酚A、四溴双酚A和辛基酚

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法定量检测人体尿液中痕量双酚A、四溴双酚A和辛基酚.将解冻后的尿样酶解,经液液萃取、旋蒸至干,甲醇定容后分析.3种目标物质在0.2～50 μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99,定量限(LOQ)在0.05 ～ 0.27 μg/L之间.在5,10和50 μg/L加标水平下,平均回收率为85.7％～118.6％,相对标准偏差RSD(n=3)为4.1％ ～10.5％.20组儿童与成人的尿样结果表明,尿样中均检出3种目标物,其中,四溴双酚A和辛基酚在儿童及成人尿样中的暴露浓度基本相同,但是双酚A的暴露水平具有显著性差异(儿童＞成人).     

Ag-SiO_2石墨复合电极测定电子产品中四溴双酚A

制备了银与白炭黑复合物修饰碳糊电极(Ag-SiO_2/CPE),建立了一种简便、灵敏的检测四溴双酚A(TBBPA)的电化学方法。合成了Ag-SiO_2复合物并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱法(FT-IR)和X射线光电子能谱法(XPS)对其形貌和结构进行表征。采用循环伏安法(CV)及交流阻抗法(EIS)对Ag-SiO_2/CPE的电化学性能进行表征。以CV和线性扫描伏安法(LSV)探讨了TBBPA在Ag-SiO_2/CPE上的电化学氧化行为。结果表明:与裸CPE相比,Ag-SiO_2/CPE对TBBPA的电催化氧化活性明显提高。优化了测定过程中的实验条件如修饰剂含量、p H值与扫速,考察了该修饰电极的重现性、稳定性和干扰性。在最佳条件下,TBBPA浓度在0.010~0.10μmol/L和0.10~25μmol/L范围内与氧化峰电流呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.9nmol/L。以此方法测定电子产品中TBBPA的含量,回收率为96%~103%,测定结果与毛细管电泳法吻合。     

液相色谱串联质谱测定纺织品中的四溴双酚A

采用固相萃取/超快速液相色谱-串联质谱技术(SPE/UFLC-MS/MS)建立了纺织品中四溴双酚A的测定方法。样品经甲醇超声提取,C_(18)-SPE净化后分析,在串联质谱电喷雾(ESI)离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测,以保留时间以及特征离子对进行定性、定量分析。实验结果表明,四溴双酚A在1.0~100.0μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系。称样量为1.0 g时,方法的定量下限为1.0μg/kg。平均回收率为80.9%~95.3%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为2.3%~5.9%。所建方法快速、准确、灵敏,可用于纺织中四溴双酚A的分析测定。     

Optimisation of derivatisation for the analysis of estrogenic compounds in water by solid-phase extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

An optimisation of derivatisation methods for the simultaneous determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in water by solid-phase extraction (SPE) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed in this study. Seven highly potent EDCs including 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), 16α-hydroxyestrone, 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol were selected as the target compounds. The SPE technique, followed by the derivatisation with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) was used for the extraction recoveries of compounds from water and effluent samples. The stability of the silylation derivatives under different reaction conditions was investigated. The combined use of BSTFA and pyridine as derivatisation reagents, together with the use of hexane as the final solvent, was preferred in order to generate more stable derivatives of EDCs. The relative response factor (RRF) of all derivatives except that of EE2 was stable 120 h after derivatisation. The addition of pyridine as derivatisation reagent with BSTFA can prevent the conversion of EE2 to other products during the reaction. Several parameters that may affect the recovery of EDCs, such as the SPE flow rate, and water properties including aquatic colloid content and surfactant concentration were tested. The results showed that the flow rate (1-25 mL min⁻¹), colloid concentration (0-50 mg L⁻¹) and surfactants concentration (0-10 μg L⁻¹) did not cause significant decrease in the EDCs recovery.     

Identification of diterpenes in canvas painting varnishes by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with combined derivatisation

A derivatisation method that combines the formation of ethyl esters from the carboxylic groups and trimethylsilyl ethers from hydroxyl groups of the components of diterpenic resins is presented in this paper. This methodology involves two experimental steps: (1) formation of ethyl esters using ethyl chloroformate; and (2) the esterified compounds are lead to react with trimethylsilylimidazole to form the corresponding trimethylsilyl ethers. The main advantage of the proposed method is the possibility of performing simultaneously the analysis of amino acids from proteins, fatty acids from drying oils, and diterpenic compounds from natural resins usually found in works of art. This methodology is of considerable interest due to the requirements of minimum sampling that usually involves the analysis of works of art. A chemometric study has been developed to adjust the optimal working conditions of the proposed derivatisation method in which chromatographic peak areas of the larixyl acetate derivative and the abietic acid derivative referred to n-hexadecane as internal standard have been compared. Samples of Venetian turpentine naturally aged have been used in this study. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed derivatisation method has been tested on other diterpenic resins and pigments commonly used in fine arts such as Strasbourg turpentine, Canada balsam, colophony, copper resinate and a sample from a Renaissance Altarpiece.     

Determination of carbetamide in groundwater by micro liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Summary A method is proposed for the determination of carbetamide in water below European Union guidelines (detection limit,DL, below 0.1 μgL⁻¹). Micro liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane affords carbetamide which is converted to aniline by hydrolysis. Identification and quantification of aniline was performed by GC-MS. The retention time was 4.24 min. Quantification was achieved by single-ion monitoring (SIM) atm/z 66 and 93. Clean-up is not necessary before SIM. Deuterated anthracene (²H₁₀-anthracene) was used as internal standard. The method was used to determine carbetamide in different types of water sample spiked at very low concentration levels (0.13–10.00 μgL⁻¹). TheDL was 0.04 μgL⁻¹. The effect of the presence of other carbamates was also studied.     

Determination of pesticides in compost by pressurized liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method was developed for the determination of pesticides in compost. The investigated pesticides included two fungicides, two herbicides and 10 insecticides. The pesticides were extracted from the compost by pressurized liquid extraction. The extract was cleaned up by a partition between hexane and acetonitrile followed by a dispersive solid-phase extraction using a porous carbon made from Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens). The overall recoveries were 81-104% and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 2.4 to 12%. The minimum detectable concentrations were 0.02-0.04 microg g(-1). This method was successfully applied to a compost sample from food waste as well as commercial compost.     

Determination of herbicides by solid phase extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in drinking waters

A solid phase extraction (SPE) method has been optimized for the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) simultaneous determination of herbicides belonging to the following different families: carbamate (molinate), atrazines (atrazine, propazine, simazine, ametryne, cyanazine, terbutylazine, deethylterbutylazine, deethylatrazine), dinitroaniline (trifluralin, pendimethalin), chloroacetamide (alachlor, metolachlor). Different solid substrates have been compared (C18, cyano, styrene-divinylbenzene, phenyl, graphitic carbon). The type of conditioning and elution solvent, its volume, and the sample flow rate have been considered as variables affecting the recovery yields of the herbicides.The optimized experimental conditions are C18 phase conditioned with 3 mL acetone, loaded with 1 L water sample at 5 mL min⁻¹, and eluted with 3 mL acetone. Good recoveries (included between 79% and 99%) and R.S.D. (included between 2% and 12%) have been obtained for all analytes, except for deethylatrazine whose recovery was 46 ± 7%. The recovery of deethylatrazine increases up to 94 ± 17% if a non-porous graphitic carbon is coupled to the C18 phase, keeping the other parameters constant as optimized. The optimized method has been successfully checked for the identification and quantitation of the selected herbicides in raw and drinking water samples, with quantitation limits as low as 0.01 μg L⁻¹, fully in agreement with the current legislation. The method is easily routinable. After development, the method is currently routinely applied for the analysis of herbicides in waters and, up today, more than one thousand samples have been analysed at the “Laboratorio della Società Metropolitana Acque di Torino” (Laboratory of the Municipal Waterworks of Turin) in charge of the control of drinking water quality in Torino.     

Screening for diuretics in human urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with derivatisation by direct extractive alkylation

A rapid, sensitive and reliable gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) screening procedure for diuretics in human urine has been developed. The procedure uses derivatisation by extractive methylation directly from the urine. The suitability of a number of phase transfer reagents and solvents were studied for the detection of sixteen diuretics. The results obtained indicate that the screening procedure employing tetrahexylammonium hydrogensulphate at pH 12 with methyl iodide in toluene at room temperature was the most effective. This method gives selectivity and sensitivities down to 0.03-0.1 microgram/ml and provides a substrate suitable for GC-MS confirmation without further manipulation. The application of the method is demonstrated by the screening of urine for bumetanide, ethacrynic acid, acetazolamide, chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide.     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定食品中23种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了同时检测食品中23种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析方法。样品经正己烷或乙腈提取、玻璃ProElut PSA固相萃取柱净化,GC-MS选择离子监测模式(SIM)测定。考察了不同种类食品的提取、净化方法。23种邻苯二甲酸酯的线性范围除邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)和邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯(DIDP)为0.5～5 mg/L外,其余均为0.05～5 mg/L,相关系数(r)除DIDP外均大于0.99。方法的检出限(信噪比为3)为0.005～0.05 mg/kg,定量限(信噪比为10)为0.02～0.2 mg/kg。在10种食品基质中3个加标水平的平均回收率为77%～112%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为4.1%～12.5%。该方法稳定、可靠,操作简单,适用于食品中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的检测与确证。     

Determination of benzylsuccinic acid in gasoline-contaminated groundwater by solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Benzylsuccinic acid (BSA) and methylbenzylsuccinic acid (methyl-BSA) are unambiguous biotransformation products resulting from anaerobic toluene and xylene biodegradation, respectively. A solid-phase extraction method based on polystyrene-divinylbenzene sorbent was developed for the quantitative BSA determination in groundwater samples as an alternative to liquid-liquid extraction. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used for separation and detection. The recovery from spiked 11 groundwater samples was 88 to 100%. The precision of the method, indicated by the relative standard deviation, was +/- 4% and the method detection limit was 0.2 microg/l. The concentration of BSA and methyl-BSA in groundwater samples from anaerobic BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes)-contaminated sites ranged from below the detection limit (3 microg/l) to 155 microg/l.     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定合成气制烯烃产物中的含氧化合物

采用C18固相萃取技术对合成气制烯烃(SGTO)的产物进行预处理,将产物分离为含氧化合物与烃类,采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)考察分离效果并鉴定产物中的含氧化合物,使用氢焰离子化检测(FID)定量实际样品中的含氧化合物,使用其正构2-酮、正构醇的响应因子作为同碳数酮、醇的FID响应因子。优化C18小柱洗脱条件,使用标准样品比较预处理前后的方法回收率。醇类标准品回收率为88%~98%,酮类标准品回收率为64%~87%。在197~4785 mg/L范围内,标准品具有较好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99。定性并定量测定了SGTO产物中的67种含氧化合物,发现正构醇、正构2-酮为SGTO产物中的主要含氧化合物,同时存在少量其他异构体。该方法操作简单、快速、样品需求量小,并能够在10 min内完成样品的预处理。分析结果为SGTO工艺催化剂、动力学深入研究提供了必要的基础数据。     

微波辅助萃取-气相色谱质谱法检测生物体内的多溴联苯醚

建立了微波辅助萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定生物样品中的多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的方法,优化了萃取剂的种类、萃取剂用量、萃取时间等微波萃取条件和GC-MS仪器分析条件。正己烷-丙酮混合溶剂提取后,经实验室自制的多层硅胶柱分离纯化,用气相色谱-质谱进行测定,该方法基质加标回收率在60%～77%之间,相对标准偏差在11%～18%之间,方法的检测限为0.03～0.20ng/g,适用于生物样品中PBDEs的测定。