双抗体夹心酶联免疫检测法测定蓖麻毒素

建立了双抗体夹心酶联免疫法检测蓖麻毒素的方法。优化了最佳蓖麻毒素多克隆抗体包被浓度和包被方法、蓖麻毒素单克隆抗体工作浓度、酶标记二抗体工作浓度和显色时间等实验条件。方法的线性范围在1.2~10.0μg/L之间,线性回归方程y=0.05x 0.42,相关系数为0.9962,检出限为0.2μg/L。将该方法用于检测实际水样蓖麻毒素加标样品,回收率为91.7%~104.0%;检测实际土壤加标样品,回收率为83.3%~98.0%;检测奶粉加标样品,回收率为83.3%~94.0%;检测实际血液加标样品,回收率为75.0%~82.0%。     

免疫磁珠捕获富集结合HPLC-Q-TOF/MS技术分析复杂水样中的蓖麻毒素

以自来水、海水以及国际禁化武组织(OPCW)官方水平考试水样为背景基质,在优化仪器参数的基础上,建立了3种水样基质中蓖麻毒素的高效液相色谱-四极杆/飞行时间质谱(HPLC-Q-TOF/MS)分析方法。蓖麻毒素在3种基质中的检出限分别为0.05,0.20,1.00μg/m L,HPLC-Q-TOF/MS测得蓖麻毒素的分子量为62 884.97 Da。为提高复杂水样的分析灵敏度,采用连接有蓖麻毒素单克隆抗体6A6的免疫磁珠对不同水样中的蓖麻毒素进行富集与纯化,利用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法绘制了免疫磁珠捕获方法的工作曲线,在5.00~100μg/m L线性范围内,不同浓度加标样品的回收率为82.1%~88.8%,相对标准偏差为4.2%~5.9%。将免疫捕获技术与HPLC-Q-TOF/MS分析方法相结合,对真实蓖麻毒素加标样品进行分析,3种基质中蓖麻毒素的检出限分别达2.5,10,50 ng/m L。本方法可用于水样中痕量蓖麻毒素的快速、有效检测。     

蓖麻毒素的间接酶联免疫快速检测

建立了间接酶联免疫法快速检测蓖麻毒素的方法。方法的线性范围在0.08~1.25 mg/L之间,相关系数r=0.992 3,检出限为0.02 mg/L。将该法用于检测实际水样、土壤、奶粉和血液蓖麻毒素加标样品,回收率在60%~98%范围。该方法简单、快速、假阳性率低,非常适合蓖麻毒素的快速筛选、定性和半定量分析。     

对硫磷化学发光酶联免疫吸附分析方法的建立和评价

建立了基于多克隆抗体的对硫磷间接竞争化学发光酶联免疫吸附分析方法(icCLEIA)。以三氯硫磷为原料,经三步取代反应合成对硫磷半抗原,通过活泼酯法将半抗原分别与牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联,制备免疫抗原和包被抗原。经免疫新西兰大白兔,获得对硫磷抗血清。通过优化条件参数,建立了对硫磷的icCLEIA分析方法。本方法的检测线性范围为0.24～15.83!g/L;半抑制浓度IC50为1.14!g/L;检出限为0.09!g/L;对蔬菜样品和水样品的平均添加回收率为74.6%～121.0%。本方法可用于实际样品中痕量对硫磷残留检测。     

荧光免疫法测定生物样品中的氯胺酮

制备了氯胺酮的多克隆抗体,以间接酶联免疫吸附法为基础,异硫氰酸荧光素为荧光探针,建立了检测氯胺酮的荧光免疫法。在优化的反应条件下,方法的线性范围为1～1000μg/L,检出限为0.48μg/L。不同浓度的氯胺酮在人体血清和尿液样品中的加标回收率在99%～107%。方法适用于生物样品中氯胺酮的检测。     

酱油与白酒中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的化学发光酶免疫分析方法研究

本研究以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯( DMP)为研究目标,以4-氨基邻苯二甲酸二甲酯为半抗原,通过重氮化法偶联载体蛋白并免疫动物,制备针对DMP的特异性兔多克隆抗体。通过棋盘滴定法和单因素实验确定最佳的实验参数,即包被原浓度为50μg/L,一抗浓度为92.5μg/L,二抗浓度为1μg/mL,药物稀释液为pH 6.0的纯水,竞争反应时间为40 min,基于此建立了间接竞争化学发光酶联免疫分析法检测DMP。本方法对DMP的检出限为0.29μg/L,线性检测范围为0.74~30.32μg/L,与13种结构和功能类似物的交叉反应率均<5%,通过倍比稀释降低白酒、酱油样品基质干扰,对样品的平均回收率在80.2%~116.0%之间,平均相对标准偏差<3.6%,结果与GC-MS法的测定结果相符。本方法适用于食品样品中DMP的快速检测。     

增强化学发光酶免疫法对猪肉中盐酸克伦特罗的检测

建立了猪肉中克伦特罗(CLB)的直接竞争化学发光酶免疫检测(dc-CLEIA)方法。通过优化离子强度、pH值确立了化学发光酶免疫法的标准曲线,优化后dc-CLEIA的检出限可达0.02μg/L。猪肉中的盐酸克伦特罗用高氯酸提取、SPE净化后绘制基质曲线,基质曲线与标准曲线吻合,说明基质影响基本消除。测定0.10、1.0、5.0μg/kg 3个水平的添加回收率,平均回收率为83%~98%,批内与批间的相对标准偏差均小于15%。进一步研究了dc-CLEIA与HPLC两种方法测定猪肉样品的相关性,结果显示两者测定结果相关性良好,r=0.964 7,说明所建立的直接化学发光酶免疫方法可用于实际样品的检测,结果准确可靠。     

毛细管电泳-电致化学发光联用技术检测烟草中尼古丁含量

建立了毛细管电泳-电致化学发光联用技术(CE-ECL)检测烟草浸出液中尼古丁含量的方法。考察了检测电位、检测池中Ru(bpy)32+浓度和缓冲液pH值、CE运行缓冲液浓度和pH值、进样时间和电压,以及CE分离电压等实验条件对尼古丁测定的影响。在优化的条件下,尼古丁检测的线性范围为低浓度段:1～100μg/L(r>0.999)、高浓度段:100～1500μg/L(r>0.996),检出限为0.5μg/L(S/N=3)。将本方法用于3种品牌的烟草浸出液中尼古丁含量的测量,测定值均与烟盒上尼古丁的标注值相吻合,样品的加标回收率为95%～106%。     

生物素-亲和素放大酶联免疫吸附法测定氯胺酮

建立了检测氯胺酮的生物素-亲和素放大酶联免疫吸附测定法(BA-ELISA)。实验最佳测定条件:抗原包被浓度为2.0mg/L、氯胺酮单克隆抗体浓度为10.2mg/L,生物素化羊抗小鼠IgG(Biotin-IgG)和酶标链霉亲和素(SA-HRP)的最佳反应浓度分别为0.29和1.0mg/L。在此优化条件下,方法的线性范围为0.1～1000μg/L;检出限为0.03μg/L。氯胺酮生物样品的加标回收率为94%～102%。与酶标二抗体系ELISA法相比,BA-ELISA具有更高的灵敏度,适于低浓度氯胺酮的检测。     

直接竞争酶联免疫法测定食品中的丙烯酰胺含量

丙烯酰胺由于分子量小、结构简单,制备其特异性抗体难以实现。本研究将丙烯酰胺与对巯基苯乙酸衍生合成半抗原,偶联载体蛋白并免疫动物制备针对丙烯酰胺衍生物的特异性抗体,并进行辣根过氧化物酶标记,进而建立通过检测丙烯酰胺衍生物实现对丙烯酰胺定量分析的直接竞争酶联免疫分析方法。本方法对丙烯酰胺的检出限为3.0μg/L,线性范围为9.2~195μg/L,对饼干、薯片及咖啡样品中丙烯酰胺的平均添加回收率为83.6%~112.7%,结果与标准检测方法 HPLC-MS/MS符合。本方法可用于食品样品中丙烯酰胺的快速检测。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。