基于聚谷氨酸修饰玻碳电极的甲基对硫磷电化学传感器

制备了一种简单的聚谷氨酸修饰玻碳电极的用于检测甲基对硫磷的电化学传感器。 并应用循环伏安法研究了甲基对硫磷在该修饰电极上的氧化还原行为;甲基对硫磷的浓度检测采用差分脉冲伏安法,结果表明,甲基对硫磷在5.0×10-7～7.5×10-4 mol/L浓度范围与响应电流有良好的线性关系。 甲基对硫磷检测限（S/N=3）可达1.0×10-9 mol/L。 该法制备的传感器有望应用于实际样品中的甲基对硫磷的检测。     

纳米银-多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极用于微分脉冲伏安法测定水中氯离子

用化学镀方法制备了纳米银覆盖多壁碳纳米管的复合材料,将其分散在水中配成1.0g·L~(-1)的悬浮液并滴涂在玻碳电极表面,制得纳米银-多壁碳纳米管修饰电极(nano Ag/MWCNT's/GCE)。用循环伏安法研究了在pH 6.0的磷酸盐支持电解质中,在—0.60～1.0V(vs.SCE)电位范围内,氯离子在nano Ag/MWCNT's/GCE上的电化学行为,结果表明:在氮气氛围中,修饰电极的氧化峰和还原峰分别位于0.19V和—0.20V电位处;随着氯离子浓度的增加,修饰电极的氧化峰电流降低,氯离子浓度在8.0×10~(-3)～0.1mol·L~(-1)之间与微分脉冲氧化峰电流的降低值呈线性关系。提出了用微分脉冲伏安法测定氯离子的方法,修饰电极用于自来水中氯离子的测定,回收率在98.5%～100.3%之间。     

萘乙酸在多壁碳纳米管-离子液体复合修饰电极上的电催化氧化及电分析方法

运用循环伏安法(CV),计时库仑法(CC),计时电流法(CA)研究了萘乙酸(NAA)在玻碳电极(GCE),多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极(MWCNTs/GCE)和多壁碳纳米管-离子液体修饰玻碳电极(MWCNTs-IL/GCE)上的电化学行为及电化学动力学性质.实验结果表明,NAA在GCE电极上于1.00V附近有一不可逆氧化峰...     

芦丁在铂纳米/碳纳米管修饰电极上电化学行为研究

通过电沉积的方式在多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)修饰玻碳电极表面上沉积铂(pt)纳米粒子,并运用循环伏安法(CV)、示差脉冲伏安法(DPV)探讨了芦丁在铂纳米/碳纳米管/玻碳电极上的电化学行为.实验结果表明,芦丁在该修饰电极上呈现一对良好氧化还原峰,其氧化峰电流与浓度在3.2×10(-8)～1.2×10(-5)mol/L...     

纳米银/聚多巴胺修饰玻碳电极的制备及电化学行为

利用电聚合法和脉冲沉积技术制备了纳米银/聚多巴胺修饰的玻碳电极. 通过循环伏安法和示差脉冲伏安法研究了该修饰电极上对硝基苯酚的电化学行为; 讨论了扫描速度和支持电解质等条件对对硝基苯酚在修饰电极上催化还原的影响. 结果表明, 对硝基苯酚的示差脉冲峰电流在4×10^-5～3×10^-4 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系.     

碳纳米管传感器方波伏安法检测环境水样中的百草枯

制备了多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极,采用循环伏安法等方法研究了农药百草枯在修饰电极上的电化学特性,建立了一种新的检测百草枯的电化学分析方法。在最佳实验条件下,用方波伏安法检测百草枯,其响应电流与百草枯的浓度在5.38×10-7~2.37×10-4mol/L范围内有很好的线性关系,检出限为5.0×10-7mol/L。用此方法检测了环境水样中的百草枯。     

NO2-在CTMAB-碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

制备了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵-多壁碳纳米管修饰电极.用循环伏安法和示差脉冲伏安法研究了NO2 -在该修饰上的电化学行为,该修饰电极对NO2 -的氧化具有良好的电催化能力,NO2 -的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.67×10-7 ～2.2×10 -5mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检测限为5.6×10-8mol/L(S/N=...     

毛细管电泳-多壁碳纳米管/聚吡咯/磷钼酸修饰电极电化学检测饮用水中的溴酸根

用电化学聚合法制备多壁碳纳米管/聚吡咯/磷钼酸修饰电极,利用循环伏安法研究溴酸根在此修饰电极上的电化学行为.考察了实验参数对分离检测体系的影响,并在优化条件下,采用毛细管电泳-安培检测法对溴酸根进行检测.结果表明:溴酸根离子在1.0×10-6～5.0×10-3 mol/L范围内和峰面积呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=...     

普鲁士蓝/多壁碳纳米管修饰电极测定维生素C

利用电化学方法在多壁碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极表面聚合一层普鲁士蓝,制备普鲁士蓝/多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极,运用循环伏安法研究了维生素C(vc)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为.该修饰电极对Vc显示出快速的电化学响应和较好的电催化活性,在pH为4.0的磷酸盐溶液中,Ve浓度与其氧化峰电流在8.0×10-4～1.0×10-2 mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9993,检测限为6.4×10-5mol/L.该电极具有较好的稳定性和重现性.     

对苯二酚在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为研究

采用循环伏安法、微分脉冲伏安法、计时安培法研究了对苯二酚在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为,计算得到了碳纳米管修饰电极有效面积Aeff=23.9mm2以及对苯二酚电化学氧化过程的一些重要参数:传递系数α=0.630;控制步骤的反应电子数nα=1.03;反应速率常数k′=3.74×10-2cm/s;扩散系数D=2.85×10-6cm2/s。实验结果显示,本实验条件下对苯二酚在碳纳米管修饰电极上的氧化反应受扩散过程控制,为前行化学反应(CE),对苯二酚在失去电子之前先经历了一个脱氢的过程。微分脉冲伏安结果显示,催化氧化峰电流与对苯二酚浓度在1×10-4~6×10-6mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限达4.0×10-7mol/L(S/N=3)。     

Solvent extraction separation of In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/ with sulphoxides

Solvent extraction studies have been made on some metals: In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/, from ammonium thiocyanate solutions by dialkyl sulphoxides. Separation of these metals from one another can be achieved by suitable choice of the extracted conditions. The nature of the extractable metal species has been elucidated.     

Synthesis of chlorobis/β-diketonato/oxotechnetium/V/ and tris/β-diketonato/technetium/III/ complexes

Chlorobis/-diketonato/ oxotechnetium/V/ complexes [TcOCl/-dik/₂, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and dibenzoylmethane] were newly synthesized using macroamount of⁹⁹Tc. These complexes were further separated into geometrical isomers. Furthermore, an improvement of the yields for the syntheses of tris/-dike-tonato/technetium/III/ complexes [Tc/-dik/₃, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone] was examined using Tc/III/-thiourea complexes as a starting material.     

Crystal structure of Na3PO4 · 12H2O

The crystal structure of trisodium monophosphate hemihydrate was determined. The space group is $\text{C2}\text{c}$ and a unit cell contains eight formula units. The unit cell dimensions of $\text{Na}{}_3\text{PO}{}_4\text{·}\text{1}\text{2}\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ are a = 9.631(3), b = 5.416(2), c = 16.938(8) Å, β = 102.60(5)°. The final R value is 0.027 for a set of 1430 independent reflections. This atomic arrangement is mainly a three-dimensional network of distorted NaO₆ octahedra. The hydrogen bonding scheme is given.     

Simultaneous propane dehydrogenation andco2hydrogenation overCrOx/SiO2catalyst

Summary Single reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) and dehydrogenation of propane with CO₂(DH-CO₂) reactions in the presence and absence of the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst have been studied between 673 and 873 K. It was found that the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst is active both in the dehydrogenation of propane and in the RWGS reactions. The obtained results suggest that the dehydrogenation of propane to propene in the presence of CO₂on CrO_x/SiO₂can be facilitated by the RWGS reaction.</o:p>     

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate ?from CH3OH AND CO2 by H3PW12O40/CexTi1-xO2 catalyst

Summary Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method, and applied to the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and carbon dioxide. H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ showed a better catalytic performance than the corresponding Ce_xTi_1-xO₂, due to the bifunctional catalysis of Br?nsted acid sites (provided by H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) and base sites (provided by Ce_xTi_1-xO₂). H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_0.1Ti_0.9O₂ showed the highest catalytic performance among the H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts.     

Oxygen defect K2NiF4-type oxides: The compounds La2−xSrxCuO4−x2+δ

Oxygen defect K₂NiF₄-type oxides $\text{La}{}_{\mathrm{2?x}}\text{Sr}{}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{CuO}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>4?</mtext><mtext>x</mtext><mtext>2</mtext><mtext>+\delta </mtext>}}$ have been synthesized for a wide composition range: 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.34. From the X-ray and electron diffraction study three domains have been characterized: orthorhombic compounds with La₂CuO₄ structure for 0 ≤ x < 0.10, tetragonal oxides similar to LaSrCuO₄ for 0.10 ≤ x < 1 and several superstructures derived from the tetragonal cell ( with n = 3, 4, 4.5, 5, 6) for 1 ≤ x ≤ 1.34. The compounds corresponding to 0 < x < 1 differ from the other oxides in that they are characterized by the presence of copper with two oxidation states: + 2 and + 3. A model structure for La_0.8Sr_1.2CuλO_3.4, in which copper has only the + 2 oxidation state, and for which the actual cell is tegragonal—a = 18.80₄ Å and c = 12.94 Å—has been established. The particular structural evolution of these compounds is discussed in terms of a competition between the capability of Cu(II) to be oxidized to Cu(III) and the ordering of oxygen vacancies.     

An investigation of the promotional effect of propylene or propane traces on the activity of sulfatedPt/g-Al2O3andPt-Sn/g-Al2O3inCH4combustion

Summary A strong promoting effect of the presence of C₃H₈or C₃H₆was determined for the combustion of CH₄in excess oxygen, over pre-sulfated 1%Pt/g-Al₂O₃and pre-sulfated 1%Pt-2%Sn/g-Al₂O₃catalysts.</o:p>     

LixNi0.8-yCo0.2ZnyOp的合成及电化学性能研究

A series of single-phase Li_xNi_0.8-yCo_0.2Zn_yO_p(0.96 ≤x≤ 1.10， 0 ≤y≤ 0.05， 2 ≤p≤ 2(1+y) ) (different in the y values) were synthesized by a two-step solid state reaction method， in which LiOH·H₂O， Zn-doped spherical Ni(OH)₂ and Co₂O₃ were used as the precursors. The ICP-AES analyses proved that the Zn-doped compounds synthesized had the nonstoichiometric form. The results of the XRD， SEM identified that the uniform particles of the as-prepared materials having a good layered structure were fine， narrowly distributed and well crystallized. The electrochemical performance test was carried out and the results showed that the as-prepared Zn-doped materials had not only a high capacity， but also a better cycling stability characterization than the un-doped one. The Li_1.06Ni_0.75Co_0.22Zn_0.03O_2.03 material has an initial reversible capacity as high as 160.5mAh·g^-1; and a first discharge efficiency 89.2%， and exhibits satisfactory cyclic stability with 90% retainable capacity after 50 cycles.     

A study of the spinel materials LiTi2O4 and Li43Ti53O4 by photoelectron spectroscopy

HeI-excited valence-band ultraviolet photoelectron spectra and MgKα-excited Ti-2p X-ray photoelectron spectra are reported for the spinel materials LiTi₂O₄ and $\text{Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>4</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{Ti}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>5</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{O}{}_4$. The presence of a Fermi edge in the ultraviolet photoelectron spectrum of LiTi₂O₄ confirms the metallic nature of this material, although the measured density of states at the Fermi energy is much lower than that expected from an independent-electron interpretation of the magnetic susceptibility. This difference is attributed to a strong interaction of the conduction electrons with the lattice vibrations. The localization of conduction electrons that occurs in the final state in the Ti-2p X-ray photoelectron spectrum of LiTi₂O₄ is attributed to a Coulomb interaction with a core hole.     

Synthesis and characterization of Ti1−2xNbxNixO2−x/2 solid solutions

Doped-rutile has been traditionally used in ceramic pigments for its intense optical properties. In this paper, we compare the classical ceramic synthesis of Ti_1−2xNb_xNi_xO_2−x/2 system with the sol-gel methodology, which allows a reduction of the anatase-rutile transformation temperature. The composition was optimised in order to obtain a unique rutile phase with the minimum amount of pollutant Ni(II) and enhanced chromatic coordinates. Incorporation of the doping ions in the rutile structure was corroborated by XRD and Rietveld refinements. The species responsible for the colour mechanism were studied by different techniques. UV-VIS spectroscopy showed the characteristic features of Ni²⁺ ions, whose existence was corroborated by EPR and magnetic measurements. From these results, (Ni,Nb)doped-TiO₂ powder samples can be now shaped as thin films, monoliths, etc. by using sol-gel methodology without modifying their properties. This study introduces new possibilities of coloured TiO₂-based solid solutions in new combined advanced applications (colouring agent and photocatalyst, etc.).