X-射线K值法测定硅铁中硅的含量

1　引　　言硅铁是我国大宗出口产品之一 ,在炼钢铸铁、有色金属工业中用途极为广泛 ,是良好的脱氧剂、合金剂和添加剂。因此 ,对硅铁中硅含量的测定是十分重要的。目前硅铁中硅含量的测定方法主要有高氯酸脱水重量法、动物胶凝聚重量法、硅氟酸钾容量法、密度法、硅钼蓝光度法、硅钼蓝差示光度法 ,Ｘ 射线荧光光度法、Ｘ 射线间接法。采用Ｘ 射线Ｋ值法直接测定硅铁中硅的含量 ,还未见过报道。本文选用高纯度的硅为标样 ,碳酸钙为参比物质 ,测得的Ｋ值为 2 0 2 7,并用此Ｋ值测定了硅铁中硅的含量 ,结果满意。2　实验部分2 1　仪器和实验…     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定钼铁中钼、硅、磷和铜

正钼铁是钼与铁的合金,主要用途是炼钢时作为钼的加入剂。但钼铁中含有一定量的磷、铜、硅等杂质元素,它们对钢材的性能有一定的影响,技术条件中对其含量均有限制。目前,实验室采用8-羟基喹啉重量法测定钼[1],重量法测定硅[2],分光光度法测定磷[3],分光光度法或原子吸收光谱法测定铜[4],操作步骤繁琐,所用试剂较多,检验周期长,且不同元素必须采用不同的测定方法,很难满足生产时快速分析的需要。     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行第三讲钢铁中钼的测定(续)

(4)对离子交换分离-8-羟基喹啉重量法测钼的解说 在早年的ASTM标准方法中,α-安息香肟重量法及硫化钼沉淀重量法被采纳为钢铁及合金中高含量钼的测定方法。但从1988年以后的修订标准方法(即E351,E352,E353及E354)中对钼量w(Mo)>1.5％的试样均采用离子交换分离-8-羟基     

酸溶-碱提取-硫氰酸盐分光光度法测定岩石矿物中的钼含量

<正>钼在地壳中的质量分数约为3μg·g~(-1),自然界中已知的含钼矿物约有30余种~([1]),目前岩石矿物中钼的测定方法主要有重量法~([2])、容量法~([3])、分光光度法~([4-6])、原子吸收光谱法~([7-9])、电感耦合等离子体质谱法~([10-12])和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法~([13-15])等。重量法和容量法操作繁琐,仅适用于钼     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行第三讲钢铁中钼的测定(续)

2 .8　其他测定钼的光度分析法从以上所述可见硫氰酸盐光度法测定钢铁或合金中钼的方法在选择性、灵敏度及准确性等方面并非十分理想。在众多的分析化学文献中 ,可以找到很多钼的光度测定方法。但都各自存在一定的缺点而未能完全适合钢铁分析的要求。现从中选择三则有一定实用意义和应用前景的方法供参考和选择。(1)方法 1　 2 氨基苯硫酚萃取光度法测定合金钢中钼 (摘自ＣｈａｒｋｒａｂａｒｔｉＡ .Ｋ .ｅｔａｌ.Ｔａｌａｎｔａ1976 ,2 3:736 )适用范围 :可用于含铬、钨、钒的合金钢测定范围 :ｗ(Ｍｏ) 0 .1%～ 6 .0 %方法提要 :(ａ)溶样…     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定矿石中微量钼

矿石中钼的测定方法有分光光度法、原子吸收光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法和X射线荧光光谱法等[1-4]。在这些方法中用常规的火焰原子吸收光谱法测定矿石中钼,由于钼很难被原子化,测定灵敏度很低,且地质样品中共存元素的干扰非常严重[5],一般很难测定。本工作用4种酸溶解     

以杂多酸形式光度法测定磷的进展

磷的测定方法中,目前光度法所占的比例还比较大。分析化学工作者已对磷钼二元杂多酸、磷钼二元杂多酸与另外一些元素形成的三元杂多酸的反应机理及光度法测定磷的分析应用进行了广泛研究,使得以磷钼杂多酸形式光度法测定磷比较成熟和普及。这类方法简单准确、使用方便、易于实现自动化、不仅用于痕量也用于高含量磷的测定。     

镍基合金中钼的测定

镍基合金中钼的测定一般采用硫氰酸盐光度法,该法适用性广,但其显色稳定时间较短,特别是室温高于32℃时硫氰酸盐易分解。用过氧化氢测钼的方法早有报道,但极少见应用。本文研究了镍基合金中钼的测定条件及常见元素对测定的影响,拟定了在硫磷酸介质中的测定方法。本法简便,稳定性好(3h以上),适于镍基合金中钼的测定,特别适合含大量镍、铬、钨的耐蚀合金中高钼的测定。     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行第三讲钢铁中钼的测定(续)

2 .10　钢铁中钼的重量测定法在本讲 1.1节中已提到有不少种类的合金钢及镍基合金中 ,为了获得耐腐蚀、耐高温及耐磨等多种性能 ,常加入较高含量的钼作为合金元素。从 2 .2节至 2 .8节所引述的方法 ,均不适用于含钼 2 %以上的试样中钼的测定。 2 .2节方法 2系ＪＩＳ标准 ,其测定范围定为 <9% ,可认为对含钼高达 9%的试样也能适用。但笔者认为应用该方法测定高含量钼 ,其准确度和精密度均不能满足实际需要 。正如ＩＳＯ4 94 1标准方法在第一版发布时也将钼的测定范围的上限定为 9% ,但在 1994年发布第二版时已将测定范围的上限修订为 0 .12 …     

硅钼蓝光度法快速测定高铬钢及高铬铸铁中硅

钢铁中硅含量的测定有二氧化硅重量法[1],硅钼蓝光度法[2]。重量法操作繁琐耗时长,而光度法简便快速,故日常钢铁分析中多采用光度法。但高铬钢和高铬铸铁的试样溶解问题一直是困扰光度法得以很好应用的难题。行业中采用盐酸-过氧化氢快速法(亦称爆炸法)检测高铬钢中硅的含量,有效解决了高铬钢的溶样问题,但该法不适用于高铬铸铁中硅的测定;对溶样温度、煮沸时间均须严格控制。本法在盐酸-过氧化氢快速法的基础上,进一步改进溶样方法,解决了高铬钢及高铬铸铁的溶样问题,选择合适发色酸度,使检测过程快速准确。1试验部分1.1主要仪器与试剂TU1…     

Generation and detection of levuglandins and isolevuglandins in vitro and in vivo

Levuglandins (LGs) and isolevuglandins (isoLGs), formed by rearrangement of endoperoxide intermediates generated through the cyclooxygenase and free radical induced oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are extraordinarily reactive, forming covalent adducts incorporating protein lysyl ε-amino groups. Because they accumulate, these adducts provide a dosimeter of oxidative injury. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the generation of LG/isoLG in vitro and in vivo and the detection methods for the adducts of LG/isoLG and biological molecules in vivo.     

Enthalpies of solution of purine and adenine in water and in dimethylsulfoxide

Journal of Solution Chemistry - Enthalpies of solution of purine and adenine in water and in demethylsulfoxide were measured calorimetrically in the temperature range 25–40°C. ΔH s...     

Coassembly of Nanorods and Nanospheres in Suspensions and in Stratified Films

The entropically driven coassembly of nanorods (cellulose nanocrystals, CNCs) and nanospheres (dye‐labeled spherical latex nanoparticles, NPs) was studied in aqueous suspensions and in solid films. In mixed CNC‐latex suspensions, phase separation into an isotropic latex‐NP‐rich and a chiral nematic CNC‐rich phase took place; the latter contained a significant amount of latex NPs. Drying the mixed suspension resulted in CNC‐latex films with planar disordered layers of latex NPs, which alternated with chiral nematic CNC‐rich regions. In addition, fluorescent latex NPs were embedded in the chiral nematic domains. The stratified morphology of the films, together with a random distribution of latex NPs in the anisotropic phase, led to the films having close‐to‐uniform fluorescence, birefringence, and circular dichroism properties.     

Determination of diazepam and nordazepam in milk and plasma in the presence of oxazepam and temazepam

For studies on the excretion of drugs into milk a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay was developed to quantitate diazepam and nordazepam in the milk and plasma of humans and rabbits in the presence of their major metabolites, oxazepam and temazepam. Flurazepam was used as an internal standard. The assay involves extractions with diethyl ether and an additional acid clean-up step. Chromatographic separation was achieved by a LiChrospher 60 RP-select B (5 microns) column and KH2PO4- acetonitrile (69:31, v/v) adjusted to pH 2.80 as a mobile phase. The same extraction and chromatographic conditions were suited to both types of samples, milk and plasma. The limits of determination using ultraviolet detection at 241 nm was for diazepam 20 ng/ml and for nordazepam 15 ng/ml. The absolute recoveries of diazepam, nordazepam and flurazepam in human milk were 84, 86 and 92% and in human plasma 97, 89 and 94%, respectively. The within- and between-day accuracy and precision for diazepam and nordazepam in milk and plasma at all concentrations tested (20-1500 ng/ml) were better than 8%. The high fat content which occurs in rabbit milk presented no limitation for the extraction of lipophilic diazepam: the method was successfully used to monitor milk and plasma concentrations of diazepam and nordazepam in lactating New Zealand White rabbits during 26-h infusions of diazepam (1.4 mg/h).     

Comparison and correlation of in vitro, in vivo and in silico evaluations of alpha, beta and gamma cyclodextrin complexes of curcumin

In the present study investigated the effect of curcumin (CUR) alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) cyclodextrin (CD) complexes on its solubility and bioavailability. CUR the active principle of turmeric is a natural antioxidant agent with potent anti-inflammatory activity along with chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive properties. Poor solubility and poor oral bioavailability are the main reasons which preclude CUR use in therapy. Extent of complexation was β-CD complex (82 %) > γ-CD (71 %) > α-CD (65 %). Pulverization method resulted in significant enhancement of CUR (0.002 mg/ml) solubility with CUR α-CD complex (0.364 mg/ml) > CUR β-CD complex (0.186 mg/ml) > CUR γ-CD complex (0.068 mg/ml). Gibbs-free energy and in silico molecular docking studies favour formation of α-CD complex > β-CD complex > γ-CD complex. With reference to CUR, relative bioavailability of CUR α-CD, CUR β-CD and CUR γ-CD complexes were 460, 365 and 99 % respectively. CUR–CD complexes exhibited increased bioavailability with an increase in t_½, tmax, Cmax, AUC, Ka, and MRT; and a decrease in Ke, clearance and Vd values. AUC increase was CUR α-CD complex > CUR β-CD complex > CUR γ-CD complex. Significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between CUR α-CD complex and CUR γ-CD complex by one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s post hoc test for multiple comparison analysis. Correlation observed between in vitro, in vivo and in silico methods indicates potential of in silico and in vitro methods in CD selection.     

Electrochemical Fluorination of Benzamide and Acetanilide in Anhydrous HF and in Acetonitrile

Electrochemical fluorination of benzamide in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride does not involve the amide group but occurs exclusively at the aromatic ring, yielding isomeric fluoro- and difluorobenzamides and 3,3,6,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-cyclohexadienecarboxamide. Electrochemical fluorination of benzamide in acetonitrile as solvent gives the same products, as well as benzonitrile and its fluorinated derivatives and products of hydrolysis and fluorination of acetonitrile. Electrochemical fluorination of acetanilide in anhydrous HF leads to complete tarring of the reaction mixture, while its fluorination in acetonitrile results in selective formation of m-fluoroacetanilide.     

Structure of dimethoxyamine in the crystalline and gaseous phases and in solution

Conclusions It has been established by the methods of x-ray diffraction analysis and electron diffraction analysis and measurements of the dipole moments and the birefringence that in the crystalline and gaseous phases, as well as in solution, N,N-dimethoxyamine has a gauche-gauche conformation, which is stipulated by a stabilizing nO-N-O* orbital interaction. The geometric parameters of the molecule have been determined.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2235–2242, October, 1986.