Aharonov-Bohm相的拓扑性质研究

构建一个等效描述Aharonov-Bohm相(AB相)的两能级体系,研究了AB相的拓扑性质,得到了能量与磁场的关系,发现AB相与Berry相本质上都是一种拓扑几何相.     

Level Set方法及其在两相流数值模拟研究中的应用

本文介绍了一种崭新的捕捉两相流相界面的 Ｌｅｖｅｌ Ｓｅｔ方法,并应用该方法对两种互不相容流体间的平面界面波动现象进行了数值模拟,捕捉到了两相流界面波动过程中的一些复杂现象。计算结果与实验观测现象符合良好,表明这种方法是一种很有前途的两相流数值模拟方法,很值得进一步研究和推广。     

平板混合层流动中两相脉动关联矩的大涡模拟

在气粒两相平板混合层流动中,对气相流动采用大涡模拟,对颗粒相流动采用轨道模拟,研究了两相脉动关联矩。由两相各自瞬时速度出发可以直接获得两相脉动关联矩的统计结果。模拟获得的颗粒相一阶矩、二阶矩以及两相脉动关联矩与实验结果定量符合,表明基于细观模拟是不通过模型获得和研究两相脉动关联矩的可行途径。     

双点干涉法位相缺陷检测中的解相算法比较

双点光源移相干涉测量是大口径光学元件位相缺陷检测的一种重要方法。为了分析双点干涉中误差对解相算法的影响,首先给出相位缺陷检测的系统结构和理论模型,在此基础上,针对测量过程中主要存在的一次移相误差、二次移相误差、光强误差和随机振动误差,研究了Hariharan 5帧移相算法、13帧移相算法和迭代随机移相算法的解相误差,并进行了仿真分析。结果表明,针对这几种误差源,13帧算法解相精度整体优于5帧法,迭代随机移相算法解相效果优于13帧法和5帧法,当这几种误差按实际指标同时作用时,迭代随机移相算法解相误差RMS小于5帧法和13帧法,PV值稳定在0.5 nm以内。由于随机振动占主要作用,说明迭代随机移相算法受误差影响很小。     

移相干涉术的新方法—声光变频移相法

提出了一种变频移相的方法，并用声光器件作为变频移相器件进行了移相干涉实验，这种方法可以完成压电陶瓷移相方法无法实现的一些移相干涉测量。     

气粉混合物固相浓度的声速法测量

分析了声速法测量气粉混合物固相浓度的理论模型,结合对实际工况的分析,建立了固相浓度与声波传播时间之间的实用关系式,并对该关系式进行了实验验证.理论分析与实验结果表明,用于测量气粉混合物的固相浓度,声速法是一种与固相粒子的成分、固相粒度分布以及当地流速无关的一种测量手段,并且在防止探头污染和防磨等方面具有优势.     

群速度与相速度对层级结构NSLE一孤子解的影响

基于具有层级结构的非线性薛定谔方程(NLSE),得到了该方程的一孤子解及其相速度和群速度,并详细讨论了相速度与群速度的关系对一孤子传输特性的影响。结果表明:当相速度和群速度不相等时,一孤子解的实部和虚部具有不同的特性和周期;当相速度和群速度相等时,一孤子解的实部和虚部的周期性消失。     

紫外波段多分散系气溶胶散射相函数随机抽样方法研究

基于电磁散射与辐射传输中的基本理论,对紫外波段霾尺度范围内满足特定分布的多种气溶胶粒子的散射相函数进行了研究.提出了一种直接随机抽样拟合散射相函数的方法.比较了H-G相函数、改进的H-G相函数及随机抽样拟合的相函数与多分散系Mie相函数的偏离程度.数值计算了不同相函数拟合方法对应气溶胶的传输特性.计算结果表明,相函数的准确模拟计算对于蒙特卡罗方法等辐射传输问题的解决具有十分重要的意义.     

基于格子Boltzmann方法的Rayleigh-Taylor两相不稳定流动研究

Rayleigh-Taylor(RT)不稳定性现象是一种复杂的两相流动问题,对两相界面动力学和计算流体力学提出了很大挑战。本文发展了一种相场格子Boltzmann方法,并对RT不稳定性现象进行了数值模拟,重点分析了黏度和界面张力对两相失稳过程的影响。结果表明:黏度的增加会减慢RT现象的演化过程,降低所形成的涡结构的数目;界面张力会抑制RT现象的发展,本文所获得的临界韦伯数为17,当韦伯数小于临界值时,界面张力与重力的作用相抵消,重相流体不发生下沉,两相界面趋于稳定;反之,两相界面发生失稳。研究工作有助于加深对RT不稳定性现象的认识。     

基于C~4D技术的气液两相流相含率测量新方法

本文提出了一种基于电容耦合式非接触电导检测(Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection,C~4D)技术的气液两相流相含率测量新方法。研究工作主要包括两部分:1)研制一种新型六电极C~4D传感器;2)作为初步研究,利用新型六电极C~4D传感器对气液两相流(层状流)进行相含率测量实验。研究结果表明,C~4D技术应用于气液两相流相含率测量是可行的,研制的新型六电极C~4D传感器是有效的,C~4D技术有望为气液两相流相含率测量提供一条有效的新途径.     

Quantum phase transition in an atomic bose gas with a feshbach resonance

We show that in an atomic Bose gas near a Feshbach resonance a quantum phase transition occurs between a phase with only a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate and a phase with both an atomic and a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate. We show that the transition is characterized by an Ising order parameter. We also determine the phase diagram of the gas as a function of magnetic field and temperature: the quantum critical point extends into a line of finite temperature Ising transitions.     

Chiral Phase Transition at Finite Isospin Density in Linear Sigma Model

Using the linear sigma model, we have introduced the pion isospin chemical potential. The chiral phase transition is studied at finite temperatures and finite isospin densities. We have studied the μ-T phase diagram for the chiral phase transition and found the transition cannot happen below a certain low temperature because of the Bose-Einstein condensation in this system. Above that temperature, the chiral phase transition is studied by the isotherms of pressure versus density. We indicate that the transition, in the chiral limit, is a first-order transition from a low-density phase to a high-density phase like a gas-liquid phase transition.     

Phase transition in a self-gravitating planar gas

We consider a gas of Newtonian self-gravitating particles in two-dimensional space, finding a phase transition, with a high temperature homogeneous phase and a low temperature clumped one. We argue that the system is described in terms of a gas with fractal behaviour.     

Influence of the glass transition on the liquid-gas spinodal decomposition

We use large-scale molecular dynamics simulations to study the kinetics of the liquid-gas phase separation if the temperature is lowered across the glass transition of the dense phase. We observe a gradual change from phase separated systems at high temperatures to nonequilibrium, gel-like structures that evolve very slowly at low temperatures. The microscopic mechanisms responsible for the coarsening strongly depend on temperature, and change from diffusive motion at high temperature to a strongly intermittent, heterogeneous, and thermally activated dynamics at low temperature, leading to logarithmically slow growth of the typical domain size.     

Probing the metal-insulator phase transition in the (DMEDO-EBDT)2PF6 single crystal by optical measurements

The temperature and polarization dependence of the optical reflectivity spectra of a quasi-one-dimensional 1/4-filled band system, (DMEDO-EBDT)(2)PF(6), have been investigated. We observed clear anisotropy in the electronic structures corresponding to the anisotropic transport properties. The appearance of a charge gap (E(g)?>?0.1?eV) and transfer of the spectral weight accompanied by the metal-insulator phase transition were clearly observed. In addition, a split of the intramolecular vibrational modes was observed, which strongly suggested the existence of charge disproportionation in the low temperature phase. We also observed a photoinduced reflectivity change, which implied the occurrence of a photoinduced phase transition from the low temperature insulating phase to the high temperature metallic phase.     

Ferroelectric smectic phase formed by achiral straight core mesogens

We report electro-optic experiments in liquid crystalline freestanding films of achiral hockey stick shaped mesogens with a straight aromatic core. The material forms two smectic mesophases. In the higher temperature phase, a spontaneous polarization exists in the smectic layer plane and the films show polar switching in electric fields. It is the first example of a ferroelectric phase formed by nearly rodlike achiral mesogens. Mirror symmetry of the phase is spontaneously broken. We propose a molecular configuration similar to a synclinic ferroelectric (C(S)P(F)) high temperature phase and an anticlinic, probably antiferroelectric (C(A)P(A)) low temperature phase.     

Reentrant spin-glass transition in a dilute magnet

We perform a large-scale Monte Carlo simulation of a dilute classical Heisenberg model with ferromagnetic nearest neighbor and antiferromagnetic next-nearest neighbor interactions. We found that the model reproduces a reentrant spin-glass transition. That is, as the temperature is decreased, the magnetization increases rapidly below a certain temperature, reaches a maximum value, and then disappears at some lower temperature. The low temperature phase was suggested to be a spin-glass phase that is characterized by ferromagnetic clusters.     

Relaxation of fermionic excitations in a strongly attractive Fermi gas in an optical lattice

We theoretically study the relaxation of high energy single particle excitations into molecules in a system of attractive fermions in an optical lattice, both in the superfluid and the normal phase. In a system characterized by an interaction scale U and a tunneling rate t, we show that the relaxation rate scales as ～Ctexp[-αU(2)/t(2)ln(U/t)] in the large U/t limit. We obtain explicit expressions for the temperature and density dependent exponent α, both in the low temperature superfluid phase and the high temperature phase with pairing but no coherence between the molecules. We find that the relaxation rate decreases both with temperature and deviation of the fermion density from half filling. We show that quasiparticle and phase degrees of freedom are effectively decoupled within experimental time scales allowing for observation of ordered states even at high total energy of the system.     

QCD phase diagram according to the center group

We study an effective theory for QCD at finite temperature and density which contains the leading center symmetric and center symmetry breaking terms. The effective theory is studied in a flux representation where the complex phase problem is absent and the model becomes accessible to Monte Carlo techniques also at finite chemical potential. We simulate the system by using a generalized Prokof'ev-Svistunov worm algorithm and compare the results to a low temperature expansion. The phase diagram is determined as a function of temperature, chemical potential, and quark mass. The shape and quark mass dependence of the phase boundaries are as expected for QCD. The transition into the deconfined phase is smooth throughout, without any discontinuities or critical points.