链段相容性对聚酯-聚醚多嵌段共聚物组成均一性的影响

<正> 由结晶型芳族聚酯为硬链段,无定型脂肪族聚醚为软链段的聚酯-聚醚多嵌段共聚物,是一类性能优良的热塑弹性体,本文研究链段相容性对这类聚合物组成均一性的影响,因此,合成了一系列不同链段结构的聚酯-聚醚多嵌段共聚物。 如硬链为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和丁二醇酯(PBT);软链段有聚乙二醇醚(PET)、聚丁二醇醚(PTMG)、聚二醇醚(PPG)和四氢呋喃同环氧丙烷的共聚醚二醇     

SPEEK/PES嵌段聚合物的制备及性能

本文首先合成具有易磺化链段/难磺化链段的嵌段共聚物, 再通过温和的后磺化方法, 制备磺化聚醚醚酮/聚醚砜(SPEEK/PES)嵌段聚合物, 初步研究了膜的微观形貌和性能.     

嵌段聚醚聚氨酯-酯热塑性弹性体的合成和性质

 本文用对苯二甲酸双羟基乙二醇酯及其二聚体作扩链剂,合成了一系列聚醚聚氨酯-酯嵌段共聚物(PEUE),并用热分析法、动态力学分析、应力-应变等方法对所合成的聚氨酯材料进行了形态结构和性能关系的研究,结果表明:这类聚氨酯弹性体由于硬段具有较好的结晶性,致使材料的力学性能得到提高;另外,由于硬段酯基与软段聚醚的相互作用,材料的相容性有所改进.     

嵌段聚醚聚氨酯-酯热塑性弹性体的合成和性质

本文用对苯二甲酸双羟基乙二醇酯及其二聚体作扩链剂,合成了一系列聚醚聚氨酯-酯嵌段共聚物(PEUE),并用热分析法、动态力学分析、应力-应变等方法对所合成的聚氨酯材料进行了形态结构和性能关系的研究,结果表明:这类聚氨酯弹性体由于硬段具有较好的结晶性,致使材料的力学性能得到提高;另外,由于硬段酯基与软段聚醚的相互作用,材料的相容性有所改进.     

从聚酯合成聚酯-聚醚多嵌段共聚物

研究直接以聚酯为原料,合成聚酯-聚醚多嵌段共聚物。研究了反应机理、链段结构对反应的影响以及由此法制备的多嵌段共聚物的链段序列结构。实验结果表明,链段相容性对聚合物法的影响至为重要,链段相容性不仅决定了所得嵌段共聚物的组成均一性,而且还决定了某一链段结构的多嵌段共聚物能否用聚合物法制备。     

聚酚酞醚砜-聚硅氧烷-聚醚氨酯多嵌段聚合物

<正> 合成了端异氰酸酯基聚硅氧烷-聚醚氨酯嵌段预聚物和端羟基酚酞醚砜齐聚物,探索了上述预聚物与齐聚物间的活泼氢转移加成反应,对所得的多嵌段聚合物做了初步的结构形态表征。 试验用单体:酚酞、4,4′-二氯二苯砜、TDL_(2,4)、MDI、低分子量聚氧化丙烯二醇N-     

线型聚砜-聚硅氧醚氨酯嵌段聚合物的合成和结构性能的探索

<正> 最近,聚硅氧醚与聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯或聚砜等的嵌段聚合物作为高分子结构材料和功能材料发展较快。本文将带有反应基的齐聚物与予聚物,通过对—NCO基的氢加成反应制得了线型聚砜-聚硅氧醚氨酯嵌段聚合物,考察合成反应特点的同时,初步研究了嵌段聚合物的结构和性能。     

环氧丙烷聚醚三元醇/聚乳酸嵌段共聚物的合成与性能

以低不饱和度环氧丙烷聚醚三元醇与L型及DL型丙交酯为原料, 合成了不同单体物质的量比的聚醚与聚乳酸嵌段共聚物. 采用FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC对共聚物的结构进行了表征; 用DSC, DTA对共聚物的玻璃化转变温度、熔点及热分解温度进行了研究. 结果表明, 丙交酯在聚醚多元醇端羟基的引发下发生开环反应, 得到聚环氧丙烷L型乳酸(POLLA)或聚环氧丙烷DL型乳酸(PODLA)二嵌段共聚物. POLLA二嵌段共聚物具有结晶能力, 且随着L型聚乳酸链段的增长而增强. PODLA二嵌段共聚物为非晶态聚合物. 两种共聚物的玻璃化转变温度与共聚物的组成有关, 其值介于聚醚和聚乳酸玻璃化转变温度之间. 与聚醚三元醇相比, 二嵌段共聚物的耐热性得到提高, 其热分解温度提高了30～60 ℃, 约为235～262 ℃. 共聚物的结构和组成对材料的热降解机制有很大影响. PODLA在高温区发生热氧化降解.     

链结构及频率对嵌段聚醚氨酯介电谱的影响

不少研究者用介电驰豫的方法对聚合物进行了广泛的研究^[1-5].对多嵌段的两相体系,介电驰豫的方法很灵敏.我们曾用此法研究了不同扩链剂及软段为聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMG)嵌段聚醚氨酯(SPEU)的分子运动,观察到软段结晶的α_c峰^[6].本文用介电驰豫方法进一步考察软段链结构不同对温度谱的影响,以及不同驰豫单元的活化能.     

从端乙酰氧基聚醚合成聚酯-聚醚多嵌段共聚物

研究了从端乙酰氧基聚醚代替端羟基聚醚合成聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯-聚四亚甲基醚多嵌段共聚物的新途径。探讨了其嵌段共聚合反应过程。所合成的嵌段共聚物是性能优良的热塑弹性体。     

马来酸与二甲基烯两基胺共聚合成结构规整的聚两性电解质的研究

研究了马来酸与二甲基烯丙基胺共聚物的组成及其交替共聚机理。对共聚物等电点、絮凝性能测定结果表明，该共聚物具聚两性电解质的特性。通过红外光谱及差热分析，探讨了共聚物的微观结构。     

Anti-microbial activity of anhydride copolymers and their derivatives prepared by ionizing radiation

Methyl methacrylate/maleic anhydride (MMA/MAn) copolymers were synthesized using gamma rays. Preparation conditions such as irradiation dose, comonomer composition and type of diluent affecting the degree of comonomer conversion were investigated. The suitable diluent for obtaining reasonable MMA/MAn copolymer yield was acetone. The higher copolymer yield was achieved when the amount of methyl methacrylate in comonomer feed solutions as well as irradiation dose increased. The effect of ZnCl₂ on the MMA/MAn copolymer yield and structure was studied. Characterization of the prepared MMA/MAn copolymers was performed using FTIR, and thermogravimetric and viscometric analysis. The derivatives of MMA/MAn copolymers were obtained by treating them with different reagents such as sulpha-drugs, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 4-amino sodium salyciliate. The antimicrobial activity of MMA/MAn copolymers and their derivatives was examined. The activity of such copolymers against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli increased by increasing MAn content in the copolymer. The MMA/MAn copolymers treated with sulpha-drugs exhibited particularly high biological activity against different microorganisms. These results revealed that the prepared MMA/MAn copolymer and its derivatives have a broad antimicrobial activity.     

含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物制备超疏水表面及其形成机理的研究

以丙烯酸全氟烷基乙基酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯为共聚单体, 分别以用微乳液聚合法和溶液聚合法制备的无规共聚物和用可逆加成-断裂链转移制备的嵌段共聚物作为成膜共聚物, 并以1,1,2-三氟三氯乙烷作为溶剂, 采用溶剂挥发成膜法可以直接制备出超疏水膜, 聚合物膜对水的接触角可达160°. 改变聚合物结构和成膜条件, 探讨了该类超疏水膜的形成机理和影响因素. 发现膜的表面形貌和疏水性与共聚物的组成、结构、分子量以及成膜条件密切相关, 随着共聚物中氟含量的增大, 膜的表面形貌都趋于平滑; 而且, 无规共聚物比嵌段共聚物更易形成粗糙度好的膜; 同时, 较大的聚合物分子量和适宜的高的成膜温度都对形成粗糙结构有利.     

三嵌段共聚物和两嵌段共聚物在水溶液中共混自组装成多室胶束结构的耗散粒子动力学模拟(英文)

利用耗散粒子动力学模拟研究了在水溶液中混合不同的线形三嵌段共聚物AxByCz和线形两嵌段共聚物AmBn对多室胶束的形貌多样性的影响.通过改变线形的三嵌段共聚物和两嵌段共聚物的链长来寻找多室胶束的形成条件.由线形三嵌段共聚物和线形两嵌段共聚物的不同混合形成的多室胶束结构是多种多样的,例如"蠕虫状"胶束、"汉堡包"胶束、"球上球"胶束、"核-壳-壳"胶束等等.多室胶束的整体形貌和内部结构的控制都可以从线形三嵌段共聚物和两嵌段共聚物的二元共混得到.为了表征获得的多室胶束结构,我们计算了密度图和成对分布函数图.在此工作中,可以获得和观察到复杂的多室胶束.结果表明,简单地混合线形的三嵌段共聚物和线形的两嵌段共聚物是一个控制多室胶束形貌和结构的有效方法,在工程实验中可以更简单更经济地形成多室胶束结构.因此,在设计新的多室胶束方面,聚合物共混仍然是未来值得更加关注的一个话题.     

Study of pH-sensitive copolymer/phospholipid complexes using the langmuir balance technique: effect of anchoring sequence and copolymer molecular weight

The behavior of three copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), methacrylic acid (MAA), and hydrophobic moiety was studied at phospholipid monolayer/subphase interfaces. The hydrophobic moieties, N-terminal dioctadecylamine (DODA) and random octadecylacrylate (ODA), were used as anchoring groups. The interactions between a 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) monolayer and the copolymers were studied using the Langmuir balance technique. The effect of subphase pH, distribution of anchors along the copolymer chain, and copolymer molecular weight on the nature of the interactions between the copolymer chains and the DSPC monolayer were investigated. A first-order kinetics model was used to analyze the copolymers adsorption at the DSPC monolayer/subphase interface and allowed the interaction area between the copolymer chains and the DSPC monolayer, A(x), to be determined. The interaction area appears to depend on the subphase pH and the copolymer molecular weight. On decreasing pH, the interaction area of high molecular weight copolymers increases significantly; this is consistent with the copolymer chain phase transition from an extended coil to a collapsed globule while pH is lowered. In the latter conformation, strong hydrophobic attractive interactions between the copolymer chains and the hydrophobic part of the DSPC monolayer favor the copolymer intercalation, which could eventually provoke the phospholipidic layer destabilization or rupture.     

Complex formation of amphiphilic polymers with azo dyes and their photoviscosity behavior

The hydrophobic interaction of amphiphilic copolymers, which contain 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA) and 1vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VPy), with Methyl Orange (MO) was compared with that of HEMA-acrylamide (AAm) copolymers to deduce the correlation between their complexation ability in a photochromic azo dye and the photoviscosity effect in aqueous copolymer/dye complex solution. On the basis of the dialysis data and fluorometric analysis it appeared that the complexation dependence on HEMA content in the copolymers was due to the hydrophobic interaction between the polymer and the dye. For a comparable HEMA content AAm copolymers bound less MO than VPy copolymers. It was confiied by photoviscosity measurements that the conformation of the complex composed of photochromic azo dye and HEMA copolymer changed reversibly in response to the photo- and thermal isomerization of the dye. In HEMA-AAm copolymer systems the photoviscosity effect was small compared with that of HEMA-VPy copolymer systems. From these results it was concluded that the complexation ability of polymers due to the hydrophobic interaction was an important factor in producing a large photoinduced conformational change in water.     

Branched surface-active polylactides

A series of new branched block copolymers was synthesized and investigated, and their physicochemical and surface properties were determined. It was shown that all of the prepared block copolymers demonstrate well-defined surface activity dependent on the ratio of hydrophilic and lipophilic fragments of macromolecule as well as on the copolymer structure. The resulting copolymers were used as surfactants to obtain microemulsions and microcapsules. It was found that the size of emulsion drops stabilized by branched copolymers increased more slowly than that of drops stabilized by linear copolymers. During the preparation of microcapsules through the use of branched copolymers as surfactants, unlike that through the use of linear copolymer surfactants, a high effectiveness of encapsulation and a smaller particle size were observed.     

Donor–acceptor complexes in copolymerization. XLIII. Cyclization of alternating and random styrene–(meth)acrylic ester copolymers

Equimolar alternating copolymers of styrene and methyl methacrylate (prepared with Et_1.5AlCl_1.5, SnCl₄, and ZnCl₂) as well as equimolar random copolymer were treated with polyphosphoric acid at 135°C. The extent of cyclization of the alternating copolymers was about 40%, independent of the cotacticity of the copolymer, and there was little or no crosslinking. The random copolymer underwent only 10% cyclization and considerable crosslinking. The extent of cyclization of the alternating copolymer of styrene and methyl acrylate (prepared with Et_1.5AlCl_1.5) was the same as that of the random copolymer and was lower than that of the corresponding methyl methacrylate copolymer. Both alternating and random copolymers underwent extensive crosslinking.     

Acidic solution properties of beta-casein-graft-dextran copolymer prepared through Maillard reaction

The copolymer of beta-casein-graft-dextran was prepared using the Maillard reaction and the acidic solution properties of the copolymer were studied with dynamic light scattering. At pH range 4-5 where is close to the isoelectric point of beta-casein, the copolymer forms micelles which are spherical verified by atomic force microscopy imaging. The size and existent time of the micelles depend on the graft degree and the length of dextran side chains of the copolymers. During storage at pH 4.6, the micelles formed by the copolymers with short side chains and low graft degree tend to precipitate, while the micelles formed by the copolymers with long side chains and high graft degree tend to dissociate. The micellization of the copolymers can be suppressed by adding NaCl. Optical microscopy and turbidity studies show that the copolymers dissolved in molecular state and with higher hydrophilicity have better emulsifying ability.     

最有效的相容剂是两嵌段还是多嵌段聚合物?

Monte Carlo simulations were used to investigate the compatibilizing behaviors of multi-block copolymers with different architectures in A/B/(block copolymer) ternary blends. The volume fraction of homopolymer A, employed as the dispersed phase, was 19%. The simulations illustrate how a di- or multi-block copolymer aggregates at the interfaces and influences the phase behaviour of such incompatible polymer blends. The di-block copolymer chains tend to "stand" on the interface whereas the multi-block chains lie on the interface.In comparison with the dj-block copolymer, the block copolymers with 4, or 10 blocks can occupy more areas on the interface, and thus the multi-block copolymers have higher efficiency for the retardation of the phase separation.