Preparation and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2-production activity of CdS-sensitized Pt/TiO2 nanosheets with exposed (001) facets

CdS-sensitized Pt/TiO(2) nanosheets with exposed (001) facets were prepared by hydrothermal treatment of a Ti(OC(4)H(9))(4)-HF-H(2)O mixed solution followed by photochemical reduction deposition of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) on TiO(2) nanosheets (TiO(2) NSs) and chemical bath deposition of CdS NPs on Pt/TiO(2) NSs, successively. The UV and visible-light driven photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples was evaluated by photocatalytic H(2) production from lactic acid aqueous solution under UV and visible-light (λ ≥ 420 nm) irradiation. It was shown that no photocatalytic H(2)-production activity was observed on the pure TiO(2) NSs under UV and/or visible-light irradiation. Deposition of CdS NPs on Pt/TiO(2) NSs caused significant enhancement of the UV and visible-light photocatalytic H(2)-production rates. The morphology of TiO(2) particles had also significant influence on the visible-light H(2)-production activity. Among TiO(2) NSs, P25 and the NPs studied, the CdS-sensitized Pt/TiO(2) NSs show the highest photocatalytic activity (13.9% apparent quantum efficiency obtained at 420 nm), exceeding that of CdS-sensitized Pt/P25 by 10.3% and that of Pt/NPs by 1.21%, which can be attributed to the combined effect of several factors including the presence of exposed (001) facets, surface fluorination and high specific surface area. After many replication experiments of the photocatalytic hydrogen production in the presence of lactic acid, the CdS-sensitized Pt/TiO(2) NSs did not show great loss in the photocatalytic activity, confirming that the CdS/Pt/TiO(2) NSs system is stable and not photocorroded.     

TiO2 nanotube fabrication with highly exposed (001) facets for enhanced conversion efficiency of solar cells

We demonstrate that the use of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and acetic acid during the synthesis of TiO(2) nanotubes may result in the synthesis of single-crystal-like anatase TiO(2) with a mainly exposed and chemically active (001) facet. An enhancement in the overall conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells was observed in a photoanode consisting of TiO(2) single-crystal-like anatase exposed (001) facets.     

Degradation of sulfadiazine antibiotics by water falling film dielectric barrier discharge

A new water falling film dielectric barrier discharge was applied to the degradation of sulfadiazine in the aqueous solution. The various parameters that affect the degradation of sulfadiazine and the proposed evolutionary process were investigated. The results indicated that the inner concentrations of 10 mg/L sulfadiazine can be all removed within 30 min. The optimum pH value was 9.10 and both strong acidic and alkaline solution conditions were not suitable for the degradation. The degradation of sulfadiazine can be enhanced by the addition of hydrogen radical scavengers, but be inhibited by adding hydroxyl radical scavengers. The water falling film dielectric barrier discharge was rather ineffective in mineralization, because of the intermediates were recalcitrant to be degraded. The existence of Fe2+and CCl4 in the liquid phase can promote the degradation and mineralization of sulfadiazine. It was found that the degradation of SDZ was enhanced by CCl4 was mainly because of the increase of OH due to the reaction of CCl4 with H that reduce the chances of their recombination with OH. Based on the 8 intermediate products identified by LC–MS, the proposed evolution of the degradation process was investigated.     

Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped TiO2 nanosheets with exposed {001} facets: synthesis, characterization and visible-light photocatalytic activity

Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped TiO(2) nanosheets with exposed {001} facets (N-S-TiO(2)) were prepared by a simple mixing-calcination method using the hydrothermally prepared TiO(2) nanosheets powder as a precursor and thiourea as a dopant. The resulting samples were characterized by transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, N(2) adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The electronic properties of N,S co-doped TiO(2) were studied using the first-principle density functional theory (DFT). The photocatalytic activity of N-S-TiO(2) was evaluated by degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The production of hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) on the surface of visible-light-irradiated samples was detected by photoluminescence technique using terephthalic acid as a probe molecule. The results show that nitrogen and sulfur atoms were successfully incorporated into the lattice of TiO(2), which resulted in N-S-TiO(2) samples exhibiting stronger absorption in the UV-visible range with a red shift in the band gap transition. The first-principle DFT calculations further confirm that N and S co-dopants can induce the formation of new energy levels in the band gap, which is associated with the response of N-S-TiO(2) nanosheets to visible light irradiation. Surprisingly, pure TiO(2) nanosheets show the visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of 4-CP mainly due to the substrate-surface complexation of TiO(2) and 4-CP, which results in extending absorption of titania to visible light region through ligand-to-titanium charge transfer. The N-S-TiO(2) samples studied exhibited an enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity than pure TiO(2). Especially, the doped TiO(2) sample at the nominal weight ratio of thiourea to TiO(2) powder of 2 showed the highest photocatalytic activity, which was about twice greater than that of Degussa P25. The enhanced activity of N-S-TiO(2) can be primarily attributed to the synergetic effects of two factors including the intense absorption in the visible-light region and the exposure of highly reactive {001} facets of TiO(2) nanosheets. The former is beneficial for the photogeneration of electrons and holes participating in the photocatalytic reactions, and the latter facilitates adsorption of 4-CP molecules on the surface of TiO(2) nanosheets.     

Photocatalytic water oxidation on F, N co-doped TiO2 with dominant exposed {001} facets under visible light

Visible-light-responsive anatase TiO(2) platelets with dominant {001} facets were prepared via a facile nitridation reaction from a TiOF(2) precursor. The in situ co-doping of N and F in the anatase TiO(2) nanoparticles leads to drastically enhanced absorption and excellent water oxidation performance in the visible light region.     

超声水解法制备的纳米二氧化钛光催化性能的研究

锐钛矿型纳米二氧化钛因其优良的光催化性能在环境保护中得到广泛应用，以TiCl4为钛源，水解过程中施加超声辐照，室温条件下制得了5～6nm锐钛型TiO2．考察了施加超声、煅烧温度及粒径尺寸对甲酸降解率的影响．结果表明，催化剂制备过程中施加超声影响对催化剂的光催化性能影响显著：甲酸的降解率由68.57％提高到97．13％．用超声水解法制备的纳米二氧化钛能够在较宽的煅烧温度范围里(450～650℃)保持较高的光催化活性．随粒径的减小催化剂活性提高。当粒径小于20nm时，显示量子尺寸效应。     

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B under visible light irradiation on mesoporous anatase TiO2 microspheres by codoping with W and N

Mesoporous anatase TiO₂ microspheres were prepared via solvothermal method. Ammonium tungstate was used as the W source, and ammonia gas flowing in an ammonothermal reactor as the N source for codoping. TiO₂:(W,N) mesoporous microspheres, which were prepared from solvothermal treatment at 160 °C for 16 h and thermal ammonolysis at 500 °C for 2 h after calcination, have high specific surface area of 106 m² g⁻¹. XPS results indicate the presence of N_O, N_i and W⁶⁺ in the codoped mesoporous TiO₂ microspheres. Monodoping with N shifts the absorption band edge of anatase TiO₂ from ultraviolet region to visible region. Although codoping with W makes the visible light absorbance decrease a little, the photocatalytic degradation of a cationic dye rhodamine B (RhB) on mesoporous TiO₂:(W,N) microspheres is increased to 1.7 times of that on mesoporous TiO₂:N microspheres. This may due to decreasing recombination centers by W-doping charge compensation.     

Anatase TiO(2) microspheres with exposed mirror-like plane {001} facets for high performance dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)

Anatase TiO(2) microspheres with exposed mirror-like plane {001} facets were successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process. The photoanode composed of TiO(2) microsphere top layer shows an improved DSSCs efficiency owing to the superior light scattering effect of microspheres and excellent light reflecting ability of the mirror-like plane {001} facets.     

Highly efficient photocatalytic degradation for antibiotics and mechanism insight for Bi2S3/g-C3N4 with fast interfacial charges transfer and excellent stability

Bi₂S₃/g-C₃N₄ (BSCN) samples with different mass ratios of CN to BS were prepared by a facile and practicable hydrothermal method with 2D g-C₃N₄ nanosheets (CN). The microscopic morphology and structure of pure CN, BS and BSCN were measured by multiple testing methods. Analysis results show that the BSCN was prepared successfully, and the Bi₂S₃ nanoparticles closely and uniformly adhered to the surface of CN with sheet-like structure. The introduction of Bi₂S₃ did not change the structure of the CN. The results of the ultraviolet–visible spectroscopic analysis, photoluminescence spectra and electrochemical performance indicated that BSCN showed superior visible-light response compared with CN, and the separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated carriers was significantly improved. With the decrease of mass ratio of CN/BS, the photocatalytic activity of BSCN initially increased and then decreased for 20 ppm of Rhodamine B solution (RhB), and the Bi₂S₃/g-C₃N₄-B with a mass ratio of 8:1 for CN to BS showed optimal photocatalytic performance (98.98%). Furthermore, the Bi₂S₃/g-C₃N₄-B exhibited apparent degradation effects (1.021 x10^-2, 0.879 x10^-2 and 0.793 x10^-2 min^?1) to three kinds of antibiotics (tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and oxytetracycline). The BSCN samples still maintained higher degradation efficiency after five cycles of degradation to tetracycline. The capture experiments and the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra analysis indicated that the h⁺ and ·O₂^? played a major role, and ·OH played secondary role during the photocatalytic reaction.     

Au/TiO2光催化剂的制备及其催化性能

采用改进的等体积浸渍法、光化学沉积法分别制备了不同Au担载量的Au／TiO2光催化剂,以甲基橙的光催化降解反应作为模型反应,考察了金的担载量、预处理条件、制备方法等因素对其光催化性能的影响,以漫反射紫外一可见光谱（DRS）分析了不同金担载量的Au／TiO2光催化剂的光谱特征。结果显示,适当担载量的Au可显著提高TiO2的光催化活性,以改进的等体积浸渍法制备的0．8％Au／TiO2催化剂的光催化活性最高。DRS结果显示,金的担载对TiO2的光谱特征没有影响。     

Synthesis and orientational assemblies of MgO nanosheets with exposed (111) facets

Two different orientational assemblies of MgO nanosheets were obtained by tuning the polarity of solvents during the drop deposition method. Different UVvisible diffuse reflectance spectra were recorded and are related to the orientations of the exposed facets.     

Tunable photocatalytic selectivity of TiO2 films consisted of flower-like microspheres with exposed {001} facets

TiO(2) films composed of flower-like TiO(2) microspheres with exposed {001} facets were synthesized by a simple one-pot hydrothermal method and exhibited tunable photocatalytic selectivity towards decomposition of azo dyes in water by modifying the surface of TiO(2) microspheres as well as by varying the degree of etching of {001} facets.     

Photocatalytic degradation pathway of sulfadiazine over Ag–TiO2 under visible light irradiation

Research on Chemical Intermediates - In the past decades, TiO2-based photocatalysis has received much research attention as an effective strategy for decomposing the antibiotics in a water system....     

Nitrogen self-doped nanosized TiO2 sheets with exposed {001} facets for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

Nitrogen self-doped TiO(2) nanosheets with exposed {001} facets (ca. 67%) were synthesized by solvothermal treatment of TiN in a HNO(3)-HF ethanol solution and exhibited much higher visible-light photocatalytic H(2)-production activity than nitrogen doped TiO(2) microcrystallites with exposed {001} facets (ca. 60%) by a factor of 4.1.     

Pt/TiO2光催化重整降解2-氯乙醇水溶液制氢

在无氧条件下,进行了Pt担载的TiO2光催化有毒的2-氯乙醇(下文简称氯乙醇)重整制氢反应的研究.详细讨论了动力学因素如催化剂表面Pt化学状态、Pt担载量、溶液pH值、氯乙醇浓度等对产氢速率的影响,并用XRD、HNMR、XPS等技术进行了表征,探讨了氯乙醇降解和产氢反应机理.研究表明,在光催化降解氯乙醇的同时产生氢是完全可行的.催化剂表面的Pt以Pt0的化学状态存在,有利于析氧;溶液pH值对产生速率影响也很大,而氯乙醇的浓度变化只是在开始略有影响,浓度的增加对产氢并没有明显的影响.研究得出Pt担载的TiO2光催化重整氯乙醇制氢反应的最佳条件是Pt的最佳担载量约为1.0%;氯乙醇溶液浓度范围为0.04～0.10 M;最佳溶液pH值范围为4～10.     

纳米粒子TiO2/Ti膜的表征及其光催化活性

以钛酸四丁酯为原料，采用溶胶－凝胶法，在600℃焙烧制备了纳米粒子TiO2/Ti膜，并利用TG－DTA，XRD、SEM、XPS、PL、SPS和EFISPS测试技术，对膜样品进行了表征。结果表明，纳米粒子TiO2/Ti膜表面为高密度的均匀碎片结构，TiO2纳米粒子具有与国际P-25TiO2粒子相类似的组成、结构以及微晶尺寸；在纳米粒子TiO2/Ti膜的表面，Ti主要以＋4价化学态存在。而O主要以晶格氧、羟基氧和吸附氧3种化学态存在。以纳米粒子TiO2／Ti膜的PL光谱测试中，以260nm为激发波长，观察到了峰位在380nm处的PL光谱，该值与SPS信号的响应阈值是一致的，此PL光谱峰可能与导带低的电子向价带顶的能级跃迁有关，同时说明了TiO2纳米粒子的量子尺寸效应的影响要大于库仑作用能和表面极化能的影响。以310nm为激发波长，分别观察到了与锐钛矿和金红石相关的发光信号；以450nm为激发波长，观察到了与表面态相关的弱的发光信号。此外，在光催化降解苯酚实验中，当涂膜3次时，TiO2粒子膜达到最高的光催化活性。     

Fe掺杂与天然沸石载体对TiO2光催化活性的影响

以具有多孔结构的天然斜发沸石为载体, FeCl₃和TiCl₄为前驱物制备铁离子掺杂TiO₂光催化剂. 分别在紫外光和太阳光照射下, 研究了Fe-TiO₂, TiO₂/沸石和Fe-TiO₂/沸石对甲基橙溶液(MO)的光催化分解过程, 并通过XRD, AFM, FTIR和吸收光谱等手段, 探讨了Fe和沸石对TiO2的光催化活性的影响. 结果表明, 适当浓度的Fe不仅可以提高TiO₂的光催化效率, 而且能够拓展TiO₂的吸收波长范围至可见光区. 而沸石的引入不仅提高了光催化剂的效率, 而且也增强了光催化剂的抗失活性能.