Hydrogen bond interactions in sulfamerazine: DFT study of the O-17, N-14, and H-2 electric field gradient tensors

Hydrogen bond (HB) interactions are studied in the real crystalline structure of sulfamerazine by density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the electric field gradient (EFG) tensors at the sites of O-17, N-14, and H-2 nuclei. One-molecule (single) and four-molecule (cluster) models of sulfamerazine are created by available crystal coordinates and the EFG tensors are calculated in both models to indicate the influence of HB interactions on the tensors. Directly relate to the experiments, the calculated EFG tensors are converted to the experimentally measurable nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) parameters, quadrupole coupling constant (qcc) and asymmetry parameter (η_Q). The evaluated NQR parameters reveal that due to contribution of the target molecule to N–HN and N–HO types of HB interactions, the EFG tensors at the sites of various nuclei are influenced from single model to the target molecule in cluster. Additionally, O2, N4, and H2 nuclei of the target molecule are significantly influenced by HB interactions, consequently, they have the major contributions to HB interactions in cluster model of sulfamerazine. The calculations are performed employing B3LYP method and 6-311++G** basis set using GAUSSIAN 98 suite of program.     

外电场对N@C60, P@C60, As@C60分子结构和性质的影响

用量子力学方法研究了N@C60, P@C60, As@C60分子的几何和电子特征. 计算结果表明, 形成富勒烯包合物后, 碳笼只有微小的变形, 3种内包原子在笼中处于不同的位置, 碳笼与内包原子之间有明显的电荷转移和自旋轨道相互作用, 生成能分别为6.32, 70.88, -53.05 kJ/mol. 内包原子的3个单占据分子轨道(SOMO)能量变化很大, 并由于和碳笼作用而发生劈裂. 在外电场作用下, 分子的电子密度沿电场方向发生转移.分子的能量随外加电场的增强而降低. 分子轨道能级、能隙及SOMO轨道的能量和能级劈裂也发生了变化.     

电场对Ni3（dpa）4Cl2金属串配合物结构影响的理论研究

应用密度泛函UBP86方法对具有分子导线潜在应用性的金属串配合物Ni3(dpa)4Cl2进行研究,分析了外电场对配合物的几何构型和电子结构的影响.结果表明,零电场条件下存在沿着Ni63+轴及轴向配体Cl的Ni—Ni及Ni—Cl离域作用.沿金属轴Cl4→Cl5方向施加外电场,可使高电势端的Ni2—Cl4键长增大而Ni1—Ni2键长减小,低电势端的Ni3—Cl5键长减小而Ni1—Ni3键长增大;分子能量降低,偶极矩线性增大;HOMO与LUMO能隙减小,前线占据轨道分布向低电势方向移动且轨道能升高,空轨道分布则向高电势方向移动且轨道能降低,其中沿着金属轴方向离域的前线轨道分布及其轨道能随电场的变化尤为显著.在电场作用下,电荷分布发生改变,低电势端Cl5的负电荷向高电势端Cl4转移,但金属和桥联配体的电荷变化很小;同样,在电场作用下,配合物存在明显的结构变化和电子转移现象,呈现出类似导电过程中电子定向转移的变化规律.     

电场对金属串配合物M3(dpa)4Cl2 (M=Co,Rh, Ir; dpa=dipyridylamide)结构的影响

应用密度泛函理论PBE0 方法研究具有分子导线潜在应用的金属串配合物M₃(dpa)₄Cl₂ (1: M=Co, 2: M=Rh, 3: M=Ir; dpa=dipyridylamide)在电场作用下的几何和电子结构. 结果表明: 配合物基态均是二重态. 1和2的M₃⁶⁺金属链形成三中心三电子σ键, 3 中M₃⁶⁺形成三中心四电子σ键且存在弱的δ键. 随金属原子周期数增大其M―M键增强、LUMO与HOMO能隙减小、金属原子的反铁磁耦合减弱以至消失且自旋密度向配体的离域增强. 在Cl4→Cl5 电场作用下, 低电势端的M3－Cl5 键缩短, 高电势端的M2―Cl4 键增长, M―M平均键长略为缩短, M―M键增强, 有利于分子线的电子传递; 分子能量降低, 偶极矩线性增大. 低电势端Cl5的负电荷向高电势端Cl4 转移, 且3 中金属原子的正电荷由高电势端向低电势端的转移较明显, 自旋电子由低电势端向高电势端金属原子移动, 但桥联配体dpa^-与M和Cl 所在的分子轴间没有电荷转移. 电场使LUMO与HOMO能隙减小, 有利于分子的电子输运. 随金属原子周期数增大, 电场作用下M―M平均键长变化减小, LUMO、HOMO的能级交错现象减少.     

Vibrations and dissociation of molecules in strong electric fields: N2, NACl, H2O and SF6

The static deformations and vibrations of the title compounds with an applied static electric field have been studied by density functional theory calculations. It is found that for diatomic molecules, bond length and vibrational frequency as a function of the field can be fit very well all the way up to the dissociation limit by an analytical formula derived from a Morse potential model including an additional external field term. Polyatomic molecules show more complex behaviour with a single mode becoming soft at the dissociation limit. The frequency of the soft mode near the critical field is again described well by the analytical model. The vibrational analysis shows that in polyatomic molecules dissociation proceeds as a heterolytic fragmentation process, which can break the symmetry of the molecule in the applied field.     

金属串配合物(n,m)[Cr3(PhPyF)4Cl2](n=2, 3, 4; m=2, 1, 0)的配位结构及其与电场的关系

应用密度泛函理论BP86 方法研究具有分子导线潜在应用的金属串配合物(n, m)[Cr₃(PhPyF)₄Cl₂](HPhPyF=N, N'-苯基吡啶基甲脒; n=2, 3, 4; m=2, 1, 0)的配位结构及其受电场作用的影响, n、m分别表示PhPyF-的苯环在左侧和在右侧的配体个数. 结果表明: (1) 零电场下, 四个PhPyF-的(2, 2)、(3, 1)和(4, 0)三种配位方式能量差别很小, 为竞争态, (2, 2)最稳定. (4, 0)结构中两端轴向配体Cl 均可与Cr 配位, 且Cl₄―Cr1 键比Cl5―Cr3键更强, 若作为分子器件可与电极结合, 这与(4, 0)[CuCuM(npa)₄Cl][PF₆](M=Pd, Pt; Hnpa=2-萘啶苯胺)靠近苯环一端的轴向配体无法与M配位不同. (2) 在(2, 2)、(3, 1)和(4, 0)中, Cr₃⁶⁺链均具有三中心三电子离域σ键, 但离域性逐渐减弱. 随四个PhPyF-配位方式趋于一致, 分子极性逐渐增大, 由Cl₄指向Cl5(Z)方向, Cr1的α自旋密度增大, Cr2 的β和Cr3 的α自旋密度减小. (3) 分子的几何结构和电子结构在电场下发生规律性变化, 在-Z方向电场作用下, (3, 1)、(4, 0)电子移动方向与极性方向相同, 使分子的键长、自旋密度、电荷和能隙变化显著性均大于Z方向电场, 且极性越大变化越显著, 有利于提高分子导电性.     

Investigation of a hybrid TCSCF-DFT procedure

In this work a family of hybrid TCSCF-DFT procedures for treating inherently two-configurational species is introduced and applied to the low-lying singlet and triplet states of B₂ and C₂H₄. The hybrid procedures permit self-consistent determination of the orbitals in both the TCSCF and Kohn-Sham subspaces. Received: 15 October 1997 / Accepted: 13 January 1998     

外电场对锂修饰氧化石墨烯结构储氢性能的影响

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理方法,研究了外加电场对锂修饰氧化石墨烯结构(Li@GO)储氢性能的影响.考察Li@GO结构的稳定性及其对外加电场的响应,研究H_2-Li@GO结构的H_2分子吸附能、几何构型与外加电场的关系.研究结果表明,当外加电场方向垂直Li@GO平面向下(负电场)时,随电场强度增加,H_2分子的吸附能逐渐降低,H_2分子逐渐接近Li原子;当外加电场方向向上(正电场)时,随电场强度增加,H_2分子的吸附能逐渐升高,H_2分子逐渐远离Li原子,分波态密度(PDOS)分析表明:与无外加电场体系的PDOS相比,当对体系施加负电场时,H_2-Li的杂化峰向低能量方向位移,H_2分子与Li@GO结合更加紧密,提升了储氢稳定性;施加正电场时,H_2-Li的杂化峰向高能量方向位移,H_2分子与Li@GO作用减弱提升了氢气释放动力学性能.进一步计算表明,在无外加电场情况下,Li@GO结构最大储氢量在3.1%以上.     

二萘嵌苯二酰亚胺衍生物的半导体性质

应用密度泛函理论研究了四种二萘嵌苯二酰亚胺(PDI)(N,N'-二萘嵌苯-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酰亚胺(1), N,N'-二(3-氯苯甲基)二萘嵌苯-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酰亚胺(2), N,N'-二(3-氟苯甲基)二萘嵌苯-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酰亚胺(3)和N,N'-二(3,3-二氟苯甲基)二萘嵌苯-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酰亚胺(4))半导体材料的最高占据轨道和最低未占据轨道能量、离子化能和电子亲和能以及在电荷传导过程中的重组能. 与化合物2-4的最高占据轨道和最低未占据轨道能量变化相同, 在PDI分子外围引入氯苯甲基或氟苯甲基后导致化合物2-4的绝热电子亲和能有不同程度的增加. 应用Marcus电子传导理论, 计算了这四种半导体材料应用于有机场效应晶体管在电子传递过程中的电子耦合和迁移率. 计算结果表明:这四种化合物相对于金属金电极而言具有较小的电子注入势垒, 是优良的n型半导体材料. 计算的这四种半导体材料的电子传输迁移率分别为5.39, 0.59, 0.023和0.17 cm2·V-1·s-1. 通过研究化合物分子在还原过程中几何结构变化和在化合物3晶体中不同类型的电子传递路径, 合理地解释了化合物1-4在有机场效应晶体管电荷迁移过程中具有较高的电子迁移率.     

Theoretical and experimental study of IR spectra of large phenol-acetylene clusters,Ph(Ac)n for 8 ≤ n ≤ 12

This work reports a combined theoretical and experimental study on large phenol-acetylene clusters, Ph(Ac)_n, 8 ​≤ ​n ​≤ ​12, extending our earlier work on the smaller clusters [Singh, G.; Nandi, A.; Gadre, S. R.; Chiba, T.; Fujii, A. J. Chem. Phys. 2017, 146, 154303]. Several trial cluster geometries are generated using the molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) for placing additional acetylene moieties, followed by geometry optimization at B97D/aug-cc-pVDZ level theory. The infrared spectra of energetically low-lying (within 0.5 ​mH window) isomers of the clusters are calculated and averaged. The O–H stretching band shows two peaks due to the presence of energetically close isomers differing in the arrangement of acetylenes around the O–H group. The acetylenic C–H stretching band appears around 3260 ​cm⁻¹. The C–H band shows a red shift of about 3 ​cm⁻¹ on going from n ​= ​8 to 12. Moderately size-selected IR spectra of Ph(Ac)_n (n ​= ​~10 and ~13) prepared by a supersonic jet expansion are measured for the acetylenic C–H region by infrared-ultraviolet double resonance spectroscopy combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The observed spectral features are in agreement with the trends of the frequency shift and asymmetric line shape of the C–H stretch band predicted by the theoretical calculations.     

六元环硼氮烷对称取代方酸的电子光谱和非线性光学性质的DFT研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d)水平上对环硼氮烷和苯基对称取代方酸进行几何构型优化.以此为基础,利用TD-DFT方法得到方酸衍生物的UV-Vis吸收光谱.进一步引入外电场,用有限场(FF/DFT-B3LYP)方法探讨了各体系的三阶非线性光学性质(NLO).计算结果显示,对称环硼氮烷取代的方酸衍生物性质不同于苯环取代,取代位置对电荷分布、分子轨道特征和非线性光学性质的影响很大.氮原子与方酸相连时对提高方酸体系的三阶非线性光学性质十分有效,其NLO系数可达2.3808×10^-24C·m.     

密度泛函理论下的电负性均衡及应用

以密度泛函理论为框架,综述电负性和电负性均衡理论的发展及其在探讨各种分子性质时的应用。     

用密度泛函理论研究纳米级的硼簇Bn（n=13～20）的物理和化学性质

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP与6—311＋＋G方法研究了硼簇Bn（n=13～20）的电子和几何结构、总能量、结合能、谐波频率、点对称性、电荷分布、偶极矩、化学键以及最高分了占据轨道和最低分子占轨道能量差．此外,借助第一和第二能级差确定最稳定的硼簇尺寸．研究表明硼簇几乎所有的物理性质有尺寸依赖性,双环管状结构的B20具有最高平均结合能．内有一原子的二十面体结构的B13不具有稳定构型,这种结构转变为开放式笼状．B20出现二维到三维的结构转变．Mulliken分析表明电荷分布有x-z和y-z平面对称．硼簇的平面稳定性可以通过离域键（π键和σ键）以及多中心键来解释．     

Theoretical Study on Molecular Structures of Methylaluminoxane Nanotubes

Density functional theory was used to optimize structures of different methylaluminoxane nanotubes with general formula [(AlOMe)₂]_n, [(AlOMe)₃]_n and [(AlOMe)₄]_n cycle unit, where n ranges from 1 to 10. To explore the stability of nanotubes, the binding energies and total energies are calculated. The results indicate that [(AlOMe)₃]_n and [(AlOMe)₄]_n have the stable structure of nanotubes. When n is 3, they have the most stable structure in all systems. Moreover, [(Al₅O₅)]_n and [(Al₇O₇)]_n are also considered, but their dimers have irregular and distorted structures. So [(Al₅O₅)]_n and [(Al₇O₇)]_n nanotubes are impossible to exist.     

硼取代后氨化处理的分子筛碱性的理论研究

利用笼状的分子筛模型, 在B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)水平下通过对分子筛中各种碱性基团的碱性进行对比来预测硼取代后氨化处理的分子筛的碱性. 结果表明, B-NH2基团本身碱性不强, 但与质子或路易斯酸作用时, B-NH2基团与周围的Si-OH基团共同参与作用并导致碱性增强. 另外, 分子筛中含有的Si-NH2基团也可与周围的B-OH共同作用, 产生强碱性. 因此, 硼取代后氨化处理的分子筛是一种优良的碱性材料.     

Geometry and tautomerism of sapphyrin—DFT studies

The structure and total energy have been investigated, applying the density functional theory (DFT), for idealized sapphyrin derivatives, created by replacements of meso-phenyl groups of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylsapphyrin or β-alkyl groups of decaalkylsapphyrin with hydrogens or two methyl groups, respectively. The following species have been considered: the dication of plain sapphyrin (SapH₅²⁺) 12,13-dimethylsapphyrin (12,13-DMSapH₃), 12,13-dimethylsapphyrin dication (12,13-DMSapH₅²⁺), and the 10,15-dimethylsapphyrin dication (10,15-DMSapH₅²⁺). To address the issue of tautomerization the calculations have been carried out for the six feasible distribution patterns of NH protons among the five nitrogen centers of the planar sapphyrin P0_i (i=1–6). The B3LYP/6-31G optimized bond lengths and angles of sapphyrin or (dimethylated sapphyrin) skeletons are in satisfactory agreement with X-ray crystallographic values determined for decaalkylsapphyrin dications. The calculated total energies, using the B3LYP/6-31G**//3-21G approach demonstrate that the plain sapphyrin and 12,13-dimethylsapphyrin dications favor the planar geometry of the macrocycle. Localization of the methyl groups at the 10,15-meso positions of sapphyrin reversed the order of stability leading to the energy preference for the inverted structure. Thus, this steric factor related to the meso substitution seems to be instrumental in the C pyrrolic ring inversion. The DFT calculation also provided the relative stability frame for the complex tautomeric equilibria of SapH₃ which involve six different forms. Their relative stability decreases in the range: {25-NH, 26-N, 27-NH, 28-NH, 29-N} P0₃>({25-NH, 26-N, 27-NH, 28-N, 29-NH} P0₁>{25-NH, 26-NH, 27-N, 28-NH, 29-N} P0₅>{25-N, 26-NH, 27-NH, 28-NH, 29-N} P0₂>{25-NH, 26-N, 27-N, 28-NH, 29-NH} P0₆>{25-N, 26-N, 27-NH, 28-NH, 29-NH} P0₄. The stability order can be qualitatively related to the number and the nature of the cis NH interactions present in the sapphyrin core.     

Theoretical study on the mechanism of N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed transesterification reactions

The mechanism of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed transesterification reactions have been studied using density functional theory. Our study shows that the role of NHC is to assist proton transfer from alcohol to the carbonyl oxygen, forming the tetrahedral intermediate, which then decomposes to the acylated product. Our predicted activation energies are in fine agreement with the observed reaction rates. An alternative approach, which uses the tetrahedral intermediate as the transition state mimic, provides satisfactory predictions.     

Comment on “Theoretical studies on the ground states in [M(terpyridine)2] and [M(4-(4-(t-butyl)phenyl)terpyridine)2] (M = Fe, Ru, Os) and excited states in [Ru(terpyridine)2] using density functional theory”

The nature of the first excited state of [Fe(terpyridine)₂]²⁺ has been reinvestigated. In contrast to previous findings, it is metal-to-ligand charge transfer in nature, thus fitting in the series of the Ru and Os complexes.     

A robust computational investigation on C60 fullerene nanostructure as a novel sensor to detect SCN−

This study explored on the adsorption properties and electronic structure of SCN^? via density functional theory analysis on the exterior surfaces of C₆₀ and CNTs using B3LYP functional and 6-31G** standard basis set. Then adsorption of SCN^? through nitrogen atom on the C₆₀ fullerene is electrostatic (?48.02 kJ mol^?1) in comparison with the C₅₉Al fullerene that shows covalently attached to fullerene surface (?389.10 kJ mol^?1). Our calculations demonstrate that the SCN^? adsorption on the pristine and Al-doped single-walled CNTs are ?173.13 and ?334.43 kJ mol^?1, indicating that the SCN^? can be chemically bonded on the surface of Al-doped CNTs. Moreover, the adsorption of SCN^? on the C₆₀ surface is weaker in comparison with C₅₉B, C₅₉Al, and C₅₉Ga systems but its electronic sensitivity improved in comparison with those of C₅₉B, C₅₉Al, and C₅₉Ga fullerenes. The evaluation of adsorption energy, energy gap, and dipole moment demonstrates that the pure fullerene can be exploited in the design practice as an SCN^? sensor and C₅₉Al can be used for SCN^? removal applications.     

An empirical MM2 augmented force field for the cycloimmonium ylides

An original procedure approach taking into account the implementation of parameters determined, using calculations based on density functional theory, for the amidocyano-pyridinium methylide in the MM2 augmented harmonic potential function has been proposed. A good agreement between theoretical force field calculation and X-ray diffraction data has been observed. Thus an empirical force field for cycloimmonium ylides has been established. It provides good quality geometries for cycloimmonium ylide molecules by energy minimization. In this study we proposed a new MM2 augmented atom-type for the ylidic carbon atom. To our knowledge no attempt has been done in this way for such organic systems. Thus, we have shown that parameterization established by the DFT method is able to reproduce or to predict with good accuracy the structures of the cycloimmonium ylide compounds. This study also includes a full conformational analysis.