基于Weibull分布的盐岩分数阶蠕变本构模型研究

采用流变程控仪对湖北江汉油田盐岩试样进行了三轴蠕变实验。基于Weibull随机分布获得岩石损伤变量随加载时间的变化形式,构建了变黏性系数Abel粘壶本构关系。基于分数阶微分理论,采用将变黏性系数Abel粘壶替代西原正夫模型中Newton粘壶的方法,建立了盐岩蠕变损伤本构模型,并采用最小二乘法拟合获得了该本构模型中的参数。通过拟合曲线对比发现,本文提出的盐岩分数阶蠕变本构模型在描述盐岩的蠕变全过程,尤其是加速蠕变过程中具有较明显的优势,并且验证了西元正夫模型为本文所提出的本构模型的一个特例。     

Non-linear viscoelastic behavior of polymer melts interpreted by fractional viscoelastic model

Very recently, researchers dealing with constitutive law pertinent viscoelastic materials put forward the successful idea to introduce viscoelastic laws embedded with fractional calculus, relating the stress function to a real order derivative of the strain function. The latter consideration leads to represent both, relaxation and creep functions, through a power law function. In literature there are many papers in which the best fitting of the peculiar viscoelastic functions using a fractional model is performed. However there are not present studies about best fitting of relaxation function and/or creep function of materials that exhibit a non-linear viscoelastic behavior, as polymer melts, using a fractional model. In this paper the authors propose an advanced model for capturing the non-linear trend of the shear viscosity of polymer melts as function of the shear rate. Results obtained with the fractional model are compared with those obtained using a classical model which involves classical Maxwell elements. The comparison between experimental data and the theoretical model shows a good agreement, emphasizing that fractional model is proper for studying viscoelasticity, even if the material exhibits a non-linear behavior.     

基于Burgers模型考虑损伤的岩石蠕变全过程研究

岩石蠕变是一个显著的非线性问题，而经典的Burgers 模型是一种线性蠕变模型，必然不能全面地描述岩石蠕变的全过程．当岩石处于高应力水平下的加速蠕变阶段，岩石内部损伤会不断产生和累积，蠕变呈现出明显的非线性特征．为了更好地描述考虑损伤的岩石蠕变全过程，本文假定加速蠕变阶段的损伤演化方程，将损伤引入到Burgers 模型中，提出了一种非线性蠕变损伤模型．然后以乔后盐矿试件蠕变实测数据为分析案例，验证模型在应用于实际工程时的准确性和适用性．最后根据Origin 软件数值拟合的结果，表明本文所提出的非线性蠕变损伤模型能很好地描述岩石蠕变全过程，模型参数取值也在合理范围之内，模型拟合曲线与实验所得数据具有较好的一致性．     

尼龙6/蒙脱土复合材料蠕变行为研究

针对经典黏弹性模型不能很好分析黏弹性材料的蠕变行为问题,运用分数阶导数的类标准线性体模型与Prony级数模型研究了黏弹性材料尼龙6/蒙脱土复合材料的蠕变行为.采用原位聚合法制备了尼龙6/蒙脱土复合材料,在室温环境下对其进行蠕变实验.然后运用分数阶导数的类标准线性体模型和Prony级数模型对复合材料的蠕变实验数据进行分析...     

Characterizing the creep of viscoelastic materials by fractal derivative models

In this paper, we make the first attempt to apply the fractal derivative to modeling viscoelastic behavior. The methodology of scaling transformation is utilized to obtain the creep modulus and relaxation compliance for the proposed fractal Maxwell and Kelvin models. Comparing with the fractional derivatives reported in the literature, the fractal derivative as a local operator has lower calculation costs and memory storage requirements. Moreover, numerical results show that the proposed fractal models require fewer parameters, have simpler mathematical expression and result in higher accuracy than the classical integer-order derivative models. Results further confirm that the proposed fractal models can characterize the creep behavior of viscoelastic materials.     

一种新的岩石非线性黏弹塑性蠕变模型研究

为了克服传统元件组合模型不能描述岩石蠕变过程中非线性特征的缺陷,首先根据加速蠕变阶段的应变和应变率随蠕变时间急剧增大的特点,建立黏塑性应变与蠕变时间的指数函数关系并提出非线性黏塑性体.将该非线性黏塑性体与广义Burgers蠕变模型串联,建立可以描述岩石全蠕变过程的非线性黏弹塑性蠕变模型,根据叠加原理得到一维应力状态下的轴向蠕变方程.然后基于塑性力学理论指出岩石三维蠕变本构方程建立过程中的不足之处,并给出非线性黏弹塑性蠕变模型合理的三维蠕变方程.最后采用不同应力水平下砂岩轴向蠕变试验对模型合理性进行验证,结果表明:拟合曲线与试验曲线吻合度较高,所建蠕变模型能够很好地描述砂岩在不同应力水平下的蠕变变形规律,尤其对加速蠕变阶段的非线性特征描述效果很好,验证了模型的合理性.     

航空涡轮盘多轴蠕变-疲劳寿命预测及对比研究

针对几种经典和新发展的蠕变-疲劳寿命模型开展综述介绍,并建立预测航空涡轮盘在循环热-机蠕变-疲劳载荷谱下蠕变-疲劳行为的数值流程,对某型航空涡轮盘的蠕变-疲劳损伤和寿命进行预测和对比．结果表明：等效应变法与临界平面法得出的疲劳损伤差距较小,等效应变法由于数值计算简单,工程适用性更强．寿命-时间分数(TF)法由于无法考虑应力松弛效应,给出了最为保守的蠕变损伤预测,其对盘体应力三轴度引起的损伤不敏感;延性耗竭法(DE)法仅以蠕变应变率作为损伤因素,虽考虑多轴蠕变因子的影响,但是给出的蠕变损伤过小;修正应变能密度耗竭(MSEDE)法综合考虑蠕变应变与应力松弛,并且考虑多轴蠕变因子与弹性跟随效应的影响,结合疲劳损伤模型可以给出合理的蠕变、疲劳损伤比例,其预测结果更加合理．     

基于饱依丁-汤姆逊模型的软岩损伤蠕变模型

为更加准确地描述深部软岩的蠕变全过程,以饱依丁-汤姆逊模型为基础,将损伤变量引入到蠕变方程中,并构造了可描述加速蠕变阶段的模型元件,通过串联得到了新的蠕变模型。结果表明:该模型能够较好地描述软岩的衰减蠕变、稳态蠕变、加速蠕变阶段。用该模型对泥质页岩的蠕变试验结果进行数据拟合对比,结果显示该模型的拟合曲线与实验曲线基本吻合,拟合度为0.99733,能够很好地反映出软岩蠕变的特性,适合用于描述深部软岩的蠕变行为。     

丁基橡胶粘弹性材料的非线性蠕变本构描述

对丁基橡胶ZN-17粘弹性材料进行了不同温度、不同应力水平下的蠕变实验,揭示了该材料的非线性蠕变特性。基于蠕变实验结果,对标准线性固体模型描述该材料蠕变行为的预言能力进行了评估,提出了新的非线性蠕变本构模型。通过与实验结果比较,表明新模型能较好地描述该材料的非线性蠕变特性。     

基于Lemaitre原理改进砂岩蠕变损伤模型研究

以煤矿巷道围岩（砂岩）为研究对象,采用MTS815.02岩石力学试验系统,对流固耦合蠕变过程中孔隙水压力作用机制展开研究,以伯格斯模型为基础,基于Lemaitre原理建立改进的伯格斯非线性蠕变损伤模型,可以得到如下主要结论：当围压越大,岩石蠕变最后一级荷载作用持续时间越长,相对经历衰减蠕变和稳定蠕变时间越长;且由最终一级破坏蠕变变形值可知,孔隙水压较小时,蠕变变形量相对较大,此时围压增大提升了岩石延性特性,但是孔隙水压增大却削弱了围压作用,由于孔隙水压使得岩石力学性能劣化,因而减少了岩石在破坏时蠕变变形量;随后基于Lemaitre原理建立的伯格斯非线性损伤蠕变模型,可以较好地描述岩石的衰减蠕变、稳定蠕变与加速蠕变阶段;且试验曲线与拟合曲线吻合度高,验证了本文所建立损伤流变模型的合理性．     

Identification of Material Damage Model Parameters: an Inverse Approach Using Digital Image Processing

A reliable prediction of ductile failure in metals is still a wide-open matter of research. Several models are available in the literature, ranging from empirical criteria, porosity-based models and continuum damage mechanics (CDM). One major issue is the accurate identification of parameters which describe material behavior. For some damage models, parameter identification is more or less straightforward, being possible to perform experiments for their evaluation. For the others, direct calibration from laboratory tests is not possible, so that the approach of inverse methods is required for a proper identification. In material model calibration, the inverse approach consists in a non-linear iterative fitting of a parameter-dependent load–displacement curve (coming from a FEM simulation) on the experimental specimen response. The test is usually a tensile test on a round-notched cylindrical bar. The present paper shows a novel inverse procedure aimed to estimate the material parameters of the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) porosity-based plastic damage model by means of experimental data collected using image analysis. The use of digital image processing allows to substitute the load–displacement curve with other global quantities resulting from the measuring of specimen profile during loading. The advantage of this analysis is that more data are available for calibration thus allowing a greater level of confidence and accuracy in model parameter evaluation.     

Identification methodology and comparison of phenomenological ductile damage models via hybrid numerical–experimental analysis of fracture experiments conducted on a zirconium alloy

The present study details the methodology of the identification process of uncoupled damage formulations proposed by Bai and Wierzbicki (B&W model – Bai and Wierzbicki (2008) and Modified Mohr–Coulomb – Bai and Wierzbicki (2010)) as well as the Lemaitre and enhanced Lemaitre coupled damage models. These uncoupled models were first implemented in the Finite Element (FE) software Forge2009®, then their parameters identifications were carried out. These identifications involve two steps: identification of hardening law parameters and identification of damage parameters. In the first step, the method to obtain the coefficient of a non-linear friction law in compression test is also presented. The second step differs between the above-mentioned models: the identification of uncoupled models is carried out through the experimental fracture strains of different loading paths, while the identification of Lemaitre’s model is based on the softening effect of damage. The latter model is enhanced by accounting for the influence of the Lode parameter to improve its ability to predict fracture in shear loading. The results show that, among the studied models, the proposed enhanced Lemaitre model gives overall best results in terms of fracture prediction for all the tests. The proportionality of studied loading paths is also discussed. It is shown that the compression is not suitable to identify the parameters of the studied uncoupled damage models.     

含热冲击预损伤的陶瓷基复合材料损伤本构模型

陶瓷基复合材料结构在服役过程中不可避免地经受热冲击(较高的热应力梯度)而产生热机械损伤, 因此, 建立含循环热冲击预损伤材料的损伤本构模型, 以描述材料在热机械载荷作用下的力学行为, 对材料结构损伤容限设计与结构完整性评估非常重要. 本文首先对经历了循环热冲击的材料进行单调拉伸损伤实验, 发现对于含循环热冲击预损伤的材料, 其弹性模量的下降与所施加的应变直接相关. 然后在连续介质损伤力学的框架下, 基于平面应力假设, 建立了含循环热冲击预损伤材料的损伤演化模型, 该模型所涉及的参数可通过一个偏轴(45$^\circ$)以及两个正轴(平行于两个主方向)的单调拉伸试验获得. 最后, 采用经典塑性理论对由基体损伤引起的非弹性应变进行了描述. 本文所提出的应变损伤宏观模型可以描述陶瓷基复合材料在热机械载荷作用下的损伤演化, 同时弥补了含预损伤的陶瓷基复合材料在机械载荷下损伤本构模型在理论及实验研究方面的不足.      

Modelling creep tests in HMPE fibres used in ultra-deep-sea mooring ropes

Due to its low density and high strength, HMPE (high modulus polyethylene) fibres are being increasingly used in synthetic ropes for offshore mooring. Nevertheless, the occurrence of creep at sea temperature can be a shortcoming for its practical use. Creep tests performed at different load levels in a sub-system of the HMPE rope (yarn) are frequently used as a first step to obtain some information about the susceptibility to creep deformation at a given temperature. The present paper is concerned with the phenomenological modelling of creep tests in HMPE yarns. In this macroscopic approach, besides the classical variables (stress, total strain), an additional scalar variable related with the damage induced by creep process is introduced. An evolution law is proposed for this damage variable. The predicted lifetimes and elongations of HMPE specimens in creep tests at different load levels and room temperature are compared with experimental results showing a good agreement.     

高地应力围岩流变特性及竖井长期稳定性分析

基于自行研制的重力加载流变仪,采用多级加载对4种典型矿岩开展了三点弯曲蠕变试验研究,获得了蠕变试验曲线. 将Burger's模型与Mohr-Coulomb准则相结合,形成改进的Burger's模型. 并通过最小二乘法对均质混合岩进行蠕变参数拟合,获得了与蠕变试验曲线相吻合的蠕变理论曲线. 结果表明改进的Burger's模型能较好地描述均质混合岩的蠕变特性. 在此基础上,采用该流变模型,对返修后的竖井工程进行三维流变数值模拟和稳定分析,为竖井工程的长期稳定预测和失稳风险预测提供了理论依据.      

A strain localization analysis using a viscoplastic softening model for clay

Strain localization has become an attractive subject in geomechanics during the past decade. Shear bands are well known to develop in clay specimens during the straining process. Strain localization is closely related to plastic instability. In the present paper, a non-linear instability condition for the viscoplastic strain softening model during the creep process is firstly obtained. It is found that the proposed viscoplastic model is capable of describing plastic instability. Secondly, a two-dimensional linear instability analysis is performed and the preferred orientation for the growth of fluctuation and the instability condition are derived. It is worth noting that the two instability conditions are equivalent. Finally, the behavior of the clay is numerically analyzed in undrained plane-strain compression tests by the finite element method, considering a transport of pore water in the material at a quasi-static strain rate. The numerical results show that the model can predict strain localization phenomena, such as shear banding. From the numerical calculations, the effects of strain rate and permeability are discussed.     

海相沉积软土蠕变BP神经网络本构模型

海相沉积软土具有很强的蠕变特性,传统分级构建蠕变本构模型方法不实用,且很难真正反映岩土流变的非线性特性。为此,本文引入具有超强非线性映射和容错能力的BP神经网络模型,通过改进BP算法,根据江门软土的室内直剪蠕变试验结果,建立了海相沉积软土BP神经网络蠕变本构模型,避免了传统方法为满足试验曲线变化规律和蠕变特性而需要建立复杂的本构数学表达式。最后,利用上海地区软土蠕变实验结果对本文提出的方法进行了验证,并对BP神经网络蠕变模型在描述软土流变方面的特点进行了讨论。结果表明,本文建模方法简单,并能很好地描述软土的非线性蠕变问题。     

一种新的岩石非线性损伤蠕变模型

为描述岩石加速蠕变阶段的非线性变形规律,在广义开尔文体基础上串联一个村山体,基于Kachanov损伤率理论,建立了损伤变量D与蠕变时间的函数关系,并根据Lemaitre应变等效原理将村山体中的无损模型参数p用有效模型参数p(1-D)代替,以此来表征岩石加速蠕变阶段的非线性,建立了一种新的非线性损伤蠕变模型;根据广义塑性力学理论给出了该模型的三维蠕变方程;采用Levenberg-Marquardt非线性优化最小二乘法对红砂岩和绿片岩常规三轴压缩蠕变试验数据进行拟合,反演得到这两种岩石的蠕变模型参数。拟合结果表明:拟合曲线与试验曲线的拟合相关系数R2分别为0.999和0.992,说明该蠕变模型能较好地反映这两种岩石各阶段的蠕变曲线特征。     

基于能量法的多轴疲劳寿命预测方法

摘 要：有效的疲劳寿命预测方法是确保处于多轴循环载荷作用下的工程构件安全性的关键。结合临界平面思想,提出了一种基于能量法的多轴疲劳寿命预测模型;该模型针对不同的疲劳失效形式采用不同的临界面上能量参数作为损伤参量,可体现多轴加载条件下的平均应力效应以及临界面上各方向参量对材料疲劳损伤的影响。通过六种材料的多轴疲劳试验数据对所提出的模型及其它三种经典能量模型进行了评估与验证,结果显示所提出的模型相较于其他模型具有更好的寿命预测精度及工程适用性。     

A thermo-viscoelastic–viscoplastic–viscodamage constitutive model for asphaltic materials

A temperature-dependent viscodamage model is proposed and coupled to the temperature-dependent Schapery’s nonlinear viscoelasticity and the temperature-dependent Perzyna’s viscoplasticity constitutive model presented in Abu Al-Rub et al., 2009, Huang et al., in press in order to model the nonlinear constitutive behavior of asphalt mixes. The thermo-viscodamage model is formulated to be a function of temperature, total effective strain, and the damage driving force which is expressed in terms of the stress invariants of the effective stress in the undamaged configuration. This expression for the damage force allows for the distinction between the influence of compression and extension loading conditions on damage nucleation and growth. A systematic procedure for obtaining the thermo-viscodamage model parameters using creep test data at different stress levels and different temperatures is presented. The recursive-iterative and radial return algorithms are used for the numerical implementation of the nonlinear viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity models, respectively, whereas the viscodamage model is implemented using the effective (undamaged) configuration concept. Numerical algorithms are implemented in the well-known finite element code Abaqus via the user material subroutine UMAT. The model is then calibrated and verified by comparing the model predictions with experimental data that include creep-recovery, creep, and uniaxial constant strain rate tests over a range of temperatures, stress levels, and strain rates. It is shown that the presented constitutive model is capable of predicting the nonlinear behavior of asphaltic mixes under different loading conditions.