A layerwise C0-type higher order shear deformation theory for laminated composite and sandwich plates

A novel layerwise C⁰-type higher order shear deformation theory (layerwise C⁰-type HSDT) for the analysis of laminated composite and sandwich plates is proposed. A C⁰-type HSDT is used in each lamina layer and the continuity of in-plane displacements and transverse shear stresses at inner-laminar layer is consolidated. The present layerwise theory retains only seven variables without increasing the number of variables when the number of lamina layers are intensified. The shear stresses through the plate thickness derived from the constitutive equation of the present theory have the same shape as those calculated from the equilibrium equation. In addition, the artificial constraints are added in the principle of virtual displacements (PVD) and are certainly fulfilled through a penalty approach. In this paper, two C⁰-continuity numerical methods, such as the Finite Element Method (FEM) and Bézier isogeometric element (BIEM) are utilized to solve a discrete system of equations derived from the PVD. Several numerical examples with various geometries, aspect ratios, stiffness ratios, and boundary conditions are investigated and compared with the 3D elasticity solution, the analytical, as well as, numerical solutions based on various plate theories.     

板结构计算模型的新发展

现代复合材料层合板具有高强和轻型的突出优点,从而在军工和民用等诸多领域发挥着重要作用。这种板结构的特点是随着纤维走向的不同,层间材料的物理-力学特性发生剧烈变化。沿板厚方向变形的梯度比较陡峭,并在层间结合面处发生强不连续,呈现zig-zag （锯齿状）现象。这导致横向剪应变在板的静态和动态响应中发生重要作用,不计横向变形的经典组合板计算模型CLPT难以适应现代多层板计算分析的需要。考虑横向剪切变形影响的板的计算模型得到重视和发展。需要指出,现有各种考虑剪切变形影响的计算模型虽然有了很大的发展,但在全面和准确性上仍然存在一定的不足,难以适应现代多层组合板横向力和物理性能多变的情况。模型预测的沿板厚方向位移和应力的变化规律难以通过严格的检验。本文提出的以比例边界有限元为基础的正交各向异性板的数值计算模型,同时可适用于各种薄板与厚板的分析,对现代复合材料层合板的分析具有特殊的优越性。所得到的板的位移、正应力和剪应力沿板厚方向的变化,与三维弹性理论的标准解高度吻合。数值算例进一步表明,随着层间纤维走向的变化,板内位移场和应力场沿板厚方向剧烈变化所呈现的锯齿现象均可以精准地进行模拟。据此,本文建议方法对现代板分析的广泛适应性和高度准确性得到了充分论证。     

基于逆复合二次径向基函数的对称复合材料层合板自由振动分析

利用逆复合二次径向基函数无网格配点法对Reddy的高阶剪切变形理论进行离散,预测了对称复合材料层合板的自由振动特性.将不同材料参数、几何尺寸和边界条件的层合板固有频率计算结果与相关文献中的结果进行对比,结果表明:逆复合二次径向基函数在对称复合材料层合板自由振动分析方面具有收敛性好及精度高等一系列优点.     

Nonlinear transient isogeometric analysis of smart piezoelectric functionally graded material plates based on generalized shear deformation theory under thermo-electro-mechanical loads

We present a generalized shear deformation theory in combination with isogeometric (IGA) approach for nonlinear transient analysis of smart piezoelectric functionally graded material (FGM) plates. The nonlinear transient formulation for plates is formed in the total Lagrange approach based on the von Kármán strains, which includes thermo-piezoelectric effects, and solved by Newmark time integration scheme. The electric potential through the thickness of each piezoelectric layer is assumed to be linear. The material properties vary through the thickness of FGM according to the rule of mixture and the Mori–Tanaka schemes. Various numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于高阶变形理论的夹层板的弯曲与振动

考虑面板和夹芯的面内刚度和横向剪切刚度以及抗弯刚度,考虑了高阶剪切变形,根据横向剪应变分布情况给出横向剪切转角的位移函数,基于哈密尔顿原理,推导了基于高阶变形理论、适用于软、硬夹芯情况夹层板的基本方程。作为算例,以四边简支条件下的夹层板的弯曲与振动,在不同的面板与芯层的弹性模量比和厚度比下进行了计算,并与Reissner理论、Hoff理论以及邓宗白基于Reissner理论的修正模型的计算结果进行了对比。与前述理论与方法相比,本文方法考虑因素更为全面,对夹层板的适用范围更为广泛,计算结果更为精确。针对Nastran软件计算夹层板的振动问题,对其适用范围作了简要分析。     

具损伤压电智能层合板的动力分析

基于应变能等效原理、高阶剪切变形理论和Hamilton变分原理,考虑复合材料铺设层内的损伤效应,建立了具损伤压电智能层合板的运动控制方程,并运用Galerkin方法进行求解.数值算例中,讨论了损伤效应、厚跨比及压电层厚度与层合板总厚度之比对四边简支压电智能层合板自由振动频率的影响和外部控制电压对其动力响应的影响.     

复合材料层合板的摄动随机Cell-Based光滑有限元

随机性是实际工程结构的固有特性,如何更真实地描述含随机参数结构的随机响应及统计特性,对工程结构的可靠性设计具有非常重要的意义。本文基于Cell-Based光滑有限元,采用四边形单元,推导了基于一阶剪切变形理论的复合材料层合板的光滑有限元公式,降低了网格划分要求,适应不规则网格,并采用离散剪切间隙有效地消除了剪切自锁;结合摄动法和随机场理论,导出了复合材料层合板的摄动随机光滑有限元平衡方程,并给出了结构随机响应数字特征的计算公式,求解了材料属性含随机性的复合材料层合板的随机响应问题,数值算例结果表明了本方法的有效性和准确性。     

Thermomechanical postbuckling of unilaterally constrained shear deformable laminated plates with temperature-dependent properties

This paper presents a study on the postbuckling responses of shear deformable laminated plates resting on a tensionless foundation of the Pasternak-type and subjected to combined axial and thermal loads. Two different postbuckling cases are considered, namely (1) the compressive postbuckling of initially heated plates and (2) the thermal postbuckling of initially compressed plates. The postbuckling analysis of laminated plates is based on the higher order shear deformation plate theory with a von Kármán-type of kinematic non-linearity. It is assumed that the foundation reacts in compression only. The thermal effects are also included and the material properties are assumed to be temperature dependent. The initial geometric imperfection of the plates is taken into account. The analysis uses a two-step perturbation technique to determine the postbuckling response of the plates. An iterative scheme is developed to obtain numerical results without using any assumption on the shape of the contact region. Numerical solutions are presented in tabular and graphical forms to study the postbuckling behavior of antisymmetric angle-ply and symmetric cross-ply laminated plates resting on tensionless elastic foundations of the Pasternak-type, from which results for conventional elastic foundations are obtained as comparators. The results reveal that the unilateral constraint has a significant effect on the postbuckling response of the plates subjected to combined axial and thermal loads when the foundation stiffness is sufficiently large. The results also confirm that the postbuckling responses are significantly influenced by temperature dependency and initial membrane stress as well as initial thermal stress.     

An exact analytical approach for in-plane and out-of-plane free vibration analysis of thick laminated transversely isotropic plates

In this article, the governing equations of motion of thick laminated transversely isotropic plates are derived based on Reddy’s third-order shear deformation theory. These equations are exactly converted to four uncoupled equations to study the in-plane and out-of-plane free vibrations of thick laminated plates without any usage of approximate methods. Based on the present analytical approach, exact Levy-type solutions are obtained for thick laminated transversely isotropic plates and, for some boundary conditions, the exact characteristic equations hitherto not reported in the literature are given. Also, the in-plane and out-of-plane deformed mode shapes are plotted for different boundary conditions. The present solutions can accurately predict both the in-plane and out-of-plane natural frequencies and mode shapes of thick laminated transversely isotropic plates.     

基于局部移动Kriging无网格方法的层合板自由振动分析

利用基于局部移动Kriging插值无网格法对层合板自由振动进行了数值分析,基于一阶剪切层合理论导出了层合板振动的控制方程和边界条件,进一步得到了自由振动的离散化特征方程。由于Kriging插值函数具有Kronecker delta函数性质,可以直接施加本质边界条件。通过本文给出的方法,对不同边界条件、不同跨厚比、不同材料参数和铺设角度的层合板的振动频率进行了计算,均得到满意结果。最后用该方法对层合板的铺设角度进行优化设计,得到了与已有文献完全一致的优化结果。数值结果充分表明了无网格Kriging方法分析层合板自由振动问题的有效性和高精确度。     

Corotational nonlinear analyses of laminated shell structures using a 4-node quadrilateral flat shell element with drilling stiffness

A new 4-node quadrilateral flat shell element is developed for geometrically nonlinear analyses of thin and moderately thick laminated shell structures. The fiat shell element is constructed by combining a quadrilateral area co- ordinate method （QAC） based membrane element AGQ6- II, and a Timoshenko beam function （TBF） method based shear deformable plate bending element ARS-Q12. In order to model folded plates and connect with beam elements, the drilling stiffness is added to the element stiffness matrix based on the mixed variational principle. The transverse shear rigidity matrix, based on the first-order shear deformation theory （FSDT）, for the laminated composite plate is evaluated using the transverse equilibrium conditions, while the shear correction factors are not needed. The conventional TBF methods are also modified to efficiently calculate the element stiffness for laminate. The new shell element is extended to large deflection and post-buckling analyses of isotropic and laminated composite shells based on the element independent corotational formulation. Numerical re- sults show that the present shell element has an excellent numerical performance for the test examples, and is applicable to stiffened plates.     

带剪切型压电激励器的板的高阶剪切变形理论

利用压电材料固有的正，逆压电效应可以对结构变形和振动进行控制。与外加电场与极化方向平行于板厚度的压电材料的拉伸作动机制相比，外加电场与极化方向垂直的压电材料的剪切作动机制可以在作动器内产生较小的应力，从而降低作动器边界产生分层破坏的危险。本文对于压电材料的剪切作动机制进行研究，应用三阶剪切变形理论建立带剪切型压电激励器的智能层合板模型。采用哈密顿原理导出带剪切型压电激励器的层合板的控制方程。采用空间法得到了各种边界条件组合条件下板的解析解。数值算例对一三层板采用高阶和一阶剪切变形理论进行计算，结果表明两种理论所得的变形曲线很相似。但对于厚度剪切型激励器而言，由于激励器是引起板的剪切变形，而高阶剪切变形理论比一阶剪切变形理论能更好地反映结构的剪切应变能，因此高阶剪切变形理论可以提供板变形的更为精确的解。因此，对于厚度剪切型激励器，剪切变形理论的选取对于板变形结果的好坏有重要的作用。     

基于Bézier提取的三维等几何分析

等几何分析(IGA)将非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)函数作为有限元形函数,具有几何精确、高阶连续和精度高等优点。与常规有限元法C0连续的形函数不同,高阶IGA基函数不是定义在一个单元上,而是跨越由几个单元组成的参数空间,因而编程复杂且无法嵌入现有的有限元法计算框架及相应算法。本文建立了基于Bézier提取的三维IGA,将NURBS函数分解成伯恩斯坦多项式的线性组合,从而实现把NURBS单元分解为C0连续Bézier单元,这些单元与Lagrange单元相似,使IGA的实现和常规有限元一样,以便将IGA分析嵌入现有的有限元软件中。两个三维算例结果表明,基于Bézier提取的IGA和传统IGA的收敛性和精度相同。     

Nonlinear transient response of strain rate dependent composite laminated plates using multiscale simulation

The effects of strain rate dependency and inelasticity on the transient responses of composite laminated plates are investigated. A micromechanics model which accounts for the transverse shear stress effect, the effect of strain rate dependency and the effect of inelasticity is used for analyzing the mechanical responses of the fiber and matrix constituents. The accuracy of the micromechanics model under transverse shear loading is verified by comparing the results with those obtained using a general purpose finite element code. A higher order laminated plate theory is extended to capture the inelastic deformations of the composite plate and is implemented using the finite element technique. A complete micro–macro numerical procedure is developed to model the strain rate dependent behavior of inelastic composite laminates by implementing the micromechanics model into the finite element model. Parametric studies of the transient responses of composite plates are conduced. The effects of geometry, ply stacking sequence, material models, boundary conditions and loadings are investigated. The results show that the strain rate dependency and inelasticity influence the transient responses of composite plates via two significantly different mechanisms.     

Nonlinear active control of damaged piezoelectric smart laminated plates and damage detection

Considering mass and stiffness of piezoelectric layers and damage effects of composite layers, nonlinear dynamic equations of damaged piezoelectric smart laminated plates are derived. The derivation is based on the Hamilton＇s principle, the higher- order shear deformation plate theory, von Karman type geometrically nonlinear straindisplacement relations, and the strain energy equivalence theory. A negative velocity feedback control algorithm coupling the direct and converse piezoelectric effects is used to realize the active control and damage detection with a closed control loop. Simply supported rectangular laminated plates with immovable edges are used in numerical computation. Influence of the piezoelectric layers＇ location on the vibration control is in- vestigated. In addition, effects of the degree and location of damage on the sensor output voltage are discussed. A method for damage detection is introduced.     

LARGE AMPLITUDE FREE VIBRATIONS OF LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATES

This paper deals with large amplitude free flexural vibrations of laminated composite plates using a 9-node Heterosis degenerated isoparametric quadrilateral element, including the effects of transverse shear and rotary inertia. The nonlinear dynamic equations of the plates are formulated in von Karman's sense. Amplitude-frequency relationships are obtained through dynamic response history using the Newmark numerical integration scheme. Detailed numerical results based on various parameters are presented for orthotropic laminated plates with different boundary conditions. The rectangular anti-symmetric cross-ply plates show the softening type of nonlinearity for initial small amplitudes. The displacement amplitudes decrease and nonlinear frequencies increase with the increment of time. Supported by the NNSFC (No. 19672033), the National Key Project on Basic Research and Applied Research (PD9521904) and the Doctoral Training Foundation of Education Commission of China(No. 98000304).     

Sound transmission from stiffened double laminated composite plates

An analytical model is developed to investigate the sound transmission loss from orthogonally rib-stiffened double laminated composite plates structure under a plane sound wave excitation, in which first order shear deformation theory is presented for laminated composite plates. By using the space harmonic approach and virtual work principle, the sound transmission loss is described analytically. The validity and feasibility of the model are verified by comparing the present theoretical predictions with numerical results published previously. The influences of structure geometrical parameters on sound transmission loss are subsequently presented. Through numerical results, it can be concluded that the proposed analytical model is accurate and simple in solving the vibroacoustic behavior of an orthogonally rib-stiffened double laminated composite plates.     

新修正偶应力层合板理论中的几个基本假设对自由振动计算的影响

基于新修正偶应力理论,在对微细观尺度的复合材料层合梁/板进行力学响应计算时,往往采用一系列假设来简化模型。现有文献都全部或部分应用了这些假设,但对这些假设是否会对计算结果造成影响尚未进行充分讨论分析。本文建立了未经简化的新修正偶应力Reddy层合板模型,并对其自由振动进行了分析。通过数值算例的对比,讨论了常用的几个简化假设对微细观复合材料四边简支方板自振频率的影响以及适用范围。算例结果表明,常用的几个简化假设对于微尺度层合薄板自由振动的影响很小,对于厚板的低阶频率影响也很小,但对厚板的高阶频率影响显著。     

INFLUENCE OF THE MIDDLE WEAK LAYER ON THE IMPACT BEHAVIOR OF LAMINATED STRUCTURES

In this paper, a calculation model based on the subsection displacement theory and the large deflection analysis is developed to describe the dynamic response of isotropic laminated circular plates impacted by a soft body. The model takes into account the interlaminar shear effect induced by the middle weak layer. It is proved by numerical examples that the difference between the model developed in this paper and that based on the classical laminated theory mainly depends on three factors, the elastic modulus of the glue, the radius of the circular plate and the impact force.     

Creep buckling and post-buckling analysis of the laminated piezoelectric viscoelastic functionally graded plates

The creep buckling and post-buckling of the laminated piezoelectric viscoelastic functionally graded material (FGM) plates are studied in this research. Considering the transverse shear deformation and geometric nonlinearity, the Von Karman geometric relation of the laminated piezoelectric viscoelastic FGM plates with initial deflection is established. And then nonlinear creep governing equations of the laminated piezoelectric viscoelastic FGM plates subjected to an in-plane compressive load are derived on the basis of the elastic piezoelectric theory and Boltzmann superposition principle. Applying the finite difference method and the Newmark scheme, the whole problem is solved by the iterative method. In numerical examples, the effects of geometric nonlinearity, transverse shear deformation, the applied electric load, the volume fraction and the geometric parameters on the creep buckling and post-buckling of laminated piezoelectric viscoelastic FGM plates with initial deflection are investigated.