矢量拖线阵水听器流噪声响应特性

针对传统拖线阵流噪声理论的局限性, 建立了完善的矢量拖线阵流噪声理论分析方法, 可全面准确地揭示矢量拖线阵流噪声响应特性. 基于细长圆柱的湍流边界层压力起伏Carpenter模型, 采用波数-频率谱分析方法对矢量拖线阵流噪声响应特性进行了理论研究, 导出了圆柱形矢量水听器流噪声响应的声压和振速自功率谱及其互功率谱的解析表达式, 定量分析了流噪声响应功率谱与拖曳速度、水听器尺寸、套管尺寸和材料等参数之间变化规律; 另外, 还讨论了圆柱形矢量水听器偏离护套轴线时矢量拖线阵流噪声响应, 导出了流噪声响应的声压、径向和轴向振速自功率谱及其互功率谱的解析表达式, 数值计算结果表明: 轴线偏移距离对声压和轴向振速的高频噪声的影响要大于对低频噪声的影响, 而对径向振速的全频段噪声都有明显影响, 且对振速分量影响要远大于对声压影响.     

结构振动声强法研究及应用

振动声强技术通过绘制功率流矢量图和流线图来分析结构噪声源及能量传播路径,可以清晰体现振动声能的分布和传播。对振动和噪声控制具有重要的理论意义和应用前景。本文总结了振动声强试验和理论计算技术的发展,并推导了受迫振动板中声强分量与振动能量的数学关系;最后对振动声强法在复杂结构振动功率流控制和结构损伤识别中的应用进行了展望。     

声强测量技术在水下结构辐射噪声近场测量中的应用

本文介绍了强测量技术在水下结构辐射近场测量中的实际测量系统，特别是水下声系统的扫描平面的实现方法及定位误差控制方法，最后讨论和分析了实际测量结果，从而说明该系统用水下声强测量是可行的。     

用声强技术测量结构的声辐射效率

声辐射率是反映结构声辐射能力的一个重要指标.本文介绍了用声强技术测量声辐射率的方法.该方法与传统方法相比,不但可以得到局部结构的声辐射率,而且具有省时、省力、省设备等优点.     

改进的非负声强和有用声强识别表面声辐射*

识别结构表面对远场声辐射有实质贡献的区域,对控制远场声辐射有重要意义。该文以非负声强法为基础得到改进的声强计算方法,这种方法比非负声强法计算量小,能更好地识别出表面对远场有贡献的区域。该文对有用声强法从特征值和截断准则的角度进行了一些改进。最后,以四边简支薄板为例,分别采用这三种方法计算几种不同频率下的噪声辐射区域。数值计算结果表明,采用该文提出的方法可以较好地识别出结构表面对远场声辐射有实质贡献的区域,而且计算量相对较小。     

结构声强技术测量墙体结构中弯曲波耦合功率流

虽然结构声强技术已成功地应用于匀质薄壁结构，但在建筑结构的应用研究只是一些定性的探讨，本文应用结构声强技术研究建筑结构中弯曲波声强的测量，以传统方法获得的结构总损耗能量测量值为参考，基于９５％合成置信区间研究弯曲波声强的测量精度，初步探讨了结构声强技术在建筑中应用的可行性。     

匹配场处理舰船辐射噪声级估计方法

针对水声信道对舰船辐射噪声声传播的影响,进而导致声源级测量结果不准确的问题,提出了基于匹配场处理的舰船辐射噪声级估计方法。在海洋环境噪声为空间均匀高斯白噪声的假设下,当海洋环境参数已知、信噪比满足一定要求时,匹配场处理能有效地给出被测噪声源的位置信息及该位置处的能量响应。从能量估计角度出发,推导了声源位置处匹配场输出响应的能量修正因子计算公式,从理论上证明了匹配场处理在被测声源位置处输出响应与能量修正因子的乘积为真实声源级的最小方差无偏(MVU)估计。该方法首先选择合适的声场计算模型计算拷贝场向量,对接收到的辐射噪声信号进行匹配场处理,得出接收信号级和被测声源位置;其次利用该位置所对应的拷贝场向量替换能量修正因子公式中的真实信道传输函数以计算能量修正因子的估计值;最后由接收信号级与能量修正因子估计值相乘得出舰船辐射噪声声源级的MVU估计。针对典型的浅海水声信道,进行了计算机仿真试验,结果表明:该方法能有效地进行舰船辐射噪声测量,当信噪比满足一定要求时,测量得到的声源级与实际声源级相比,误差小于1 dB。     

舰船辐射噪声贝叶斯方法反演浅海底层结构及地声参数EI北大核心CSCD

针对以舰船辐射噪声为参考声源的浅海海底分层结构及地声参数反演问题,研究了一种基于贝叶斯理论的浅海多层海底地声参数反演方法。反演中以舰船辐射噪声的线谱成分为研究对象,进而采用非线性贝叶斯反演方法反演浅海底层结构、层中声速、声速衰减和密度,并对反演结果的不确定性进行分析。反演结果的最大后验概率估计值和边缘概率分布分别通过拨正模拟退火算法和Metropolis-Hastings采样法在各参数先验区间内计算获得,并根据贝叶斯信息准则确定最佳海底分层结构。海上实验表明:根据该方法反演获得海底分层结构及地声参数,计算得到的声压场与实测舰船辐射噪声传播损失误差不超过10%,反演结果能够准确表征实验海区海底特征。反演结果不确定性分析表明:海底纵波声速、横波声速以及密度的不确定性更小,对声压场变化更加敏感,反演结果更有效、准确。     

转捩区长度对回转体流噪声的影响

本文通过分析回转体边界层转捩区声辐射的机理,就转捩区长度对回转体转捩区辐射声压谱的影响进行了讨论。结果表明,来流速度和回转体直径是影响回转体转捩区长度、也是影响回轨体转捩区辐射声压谱的主要因素,在来流攻回轨体直径相同时,则回转体形对转捩区长度的影响超主导作用,采用本文的方法所得的理论值与实验值之间的一致性较好。     

浅海环境噪声垂直指向性探测海底参数

浅海环境噪声垂直指向性和海底地声参数密切相关,可以利用它来反演海底参数。本文在水平分层介质噪声场模型下,讨论了海底参数对噪声垂直指向性的敏感度,并假设半无限大液态海底,采用效率较高的自适应单纯形模拟退火算法全局寻优,根据中国某海区实测噪声数据,估计了海底声速、密度及衰减,分析了反演结果的不确定性。鉴于声速和密度在不同频率的反演结果不够一致,文中提出多频海底参数联合反演方法,提高了反演海底声学参数的精度。     

声屏蔽技术抗拖船干扰

提出了多途信道中的声屏蔽技术,并应用于抗拖船干扰,以克服传统的阵处理办法抑制拖船干扰时所存在的探测盲区问题。把拖曳线列阵接收的拖船干扰和同方位的目标信号在频域通过一个屏蔽聚焦权滤波器,在对干扰屏蔽的同时,对目标聚焦。针对聚焦权实用性差的缺点,又提出了屏蔽非聚焦权,并与常规波束形成做了比较。11元水平阵数据仿真结果表明,该技术提高了处理增益约5 dB;在抑制拖船干扰提高处理增益的同时,理论上也可以消除掉在该方向上强目标干扰形成的探测盲区。     

An acoustic chamber for sound intensity measurements

The construction and performance of an acoustic chamber suitable for sound intensity measurements is described. The walls and the ceiling of the room are treated with glass wool sheets, air gap and pleated carpet in that order for sound absorption. The final testing of the room shows that good sound absorption is obtained down to low frequencies. The sound absorption coefficient for the room varies between 0.83 and 0.91 for different frequencies.     

船舶辐射噪声信号仿真及评价

船舶辐射噪声信号仿真应尽可能多地仿真特定船舶辐射噪声的信号特征,达到具体应用对信号仿真度的要求。对船舶辐射噪声仿真信号进行评价,是调整仿真参数和判定仿真信号是否达到要求的必要步骤。该文给出了一套对实测船舶辐射噪声信号进行重构仿真及评价的方法,仿真过程考虑了信号的听觉、连续谱、调制谱和线谱特征,评价方法对各特征进行指标提取和量化,并通过实测与仿真信号之间的相似度计算评价仿真信号的仿真度。对实测船舶辐射噪声信号进行重构仿真的试验结果显示,仿真信号具有较高的特征仿真度,与计算的仿真度评价数值一致。     

An experimental study of acoustic scattering from thermocline in shallow sea

I.IntroductionThetemperature,salinityandstaticprcssureofscawaterchangewithdepth,whichformsthcsoundvelocityvertica1distributioninthesea.Duringsummcrscason,thercaren0n-uniformthermoclinelaycrsinthedepths0fshallowseaal0ngChinacoast.Wearenowabletodeducctheimpedanccproflle(pc)byechoesofacousticwavesfr0mvarioustherm0c1ine1ayers.Thewaterdcnsityvaricsonlyslight1y,hencetheac0usticve1ocityde-Pendsmainlyonthetemperatureofseawatcr,andthercfore,itispossiblctorecordthcdepthofthermoclinelaycrsbyusingacoust…     

Vortex properties of the acoustic intensity vector in a shallow sea

We study the vortex properties of the field of the acoustic intensity vector as a function of distance and radiation frequency, determined using a combined acoustic system in Peter the Great Bay in the Sea of Japan. We present probability density histograms of the normalized intensity vector curl components at a frequency of 110 Hz for the distance interval between the source and receiver within the limits of 1200–1725 m. The vortex structure of the acoustic intensity vector was observed in the vertical plane at the full distance (4000 m) from the source to the receiver. The discovered vortex structures are of interest both for physical acoustics and for applied problems in underwater acoustics.     

Computation of internal aerodynamic noise from a quick-opening throttle valve using frequency-domain acoustic analogy

Recently, plastic products in air-intake parts of automotive engines have become very popular due to advantages that include reduced weight, constricted cost, and lower intake air temperature. However, flow-induced noise in air-intake parts becomes a more serious problem for plastic intake-manifolds than for conventional aluminum-made manifolds. This is due to the fact that plastic manifolds transmit more noise owing to their lower material density. Internal aerodynamic noise from a quick-opening throttle valve is computed by using a frequency-domain acoustic analogy, which is based on the integral formula derived by using the General Green Function, Lighthill’s acoustic analogy and Curle’s extension of Lighthill’s. The integral formula is arranged in such a manner that allows a frequency-domain acoustic signal to be predicted at any location in a duct through the use of unsteady flow data in space and time, which can be obtained by applying Computational Fluid Dynamics techniques. The prediction of the acoustic pressure level from the quick-opening throttle valve shows good agreement with actual measurement. Through the detailed analysis of the flow-noise generation mechanism it was found that the anti-vortex lines, formed behind the throttle valve during the quick-opening behavior, feed the large-scale coherent turbulence and, as a result, play a crucial role in generating the dipolar sound from unsteady loading of the quick-opening throttle valve. From this, it can be inferred that the low-noise design of the throttle-duct system can be made by using this concept to break the large-scale vortex structure.     

Investigation on the intensity noise characteristics of the semiconductor ring laser

Based on the frequency-domain multimode theoretical model, detailed investigations on the noise characteristic of the semiconductor ring laser （SRL） are first performed in this paper. The comprehensive nonlinear terms related to the third order nonlinear susceptibility Z3 are included in this model; the Langevin noise sources for electric field and carrier density fluctuations are also taken into account. As the injection current increases, the SRL may present several operation regimes. Remarkable and unusual low frequency noise enhancement in the form of a broad low frequency tail extending all the way to the relaxation oscillation peak is observed in any of the operation regimes of SRLs. The influences of the backscattering coefficient on the relative intensity noise （RIN） spectrum in typical operation regimes are investigated in detail.     

The dynamics of low-frequency signal acoustic intensity vector vortex structure in shallow sea

Spatiotemporal vector and phase properties of interference field of low-frequency signalling tone between three local vortices in a real shallow sea wave-guide have been studied.It has been demonstrated that in the field of constructive interference,components of particle velocity field and acoustic pressure are coherent.As a consequence the transfer of signal energy alog the axis of a shallow sea wave-guide is accomplished with plane wave.Physical objects are detected in the field of destructive interference,which,according to known deterministic signs,can be defined as local vortices of the intensity vector.A large-scale vorticity with acoustic intensity vector curl,components different from zero originates in the vicinity of local vortices.Regular particle displacements of local vortices have been detected against combined receiving device phase centre along the axis of a wave-guide.It has been demonstrated that the structure of vortices depends on signal/noise ratio.Local vortices and vorticity form vortex structure of vector acoustic field.Signalling tone with frequency of 88 ± 1 Hz from near-surface moving sound source was taken into consideration.Introduced results of full-scale experiment expand our concepts of real fundamental properties of shallow sea acoustic field and are to be considered in theoretical models.     

考虑加速度的交通噪声源强研究

本文为研究机动车噪声源强与速度、加速度的关系,对车辆在不同速度和加速度下的A计权声压级进行测试,运用统计学方法对测试数据进行分析,得到机动车单车噪声源强与车辆速度、加速度的关系模型,并与《公路建设项目环境影响评价规范(JTG B03-2006)》中的交通噪声源强预测模型进行比较,实测验证结果表明,利用本研究建立的机动车单车噪声源强模型所得预测结果更符合实际。     

Origin of the broad-band noise in acoustic cavitation

The broad-band noise has been experimentally used to monitor the cavitation activity in a sonochemical reactor, an ultrasonic cleaning bath, a biological tissue, etc. However, the origin of the broad-band noise is still under debate. In the present review, two models for the mechanism of the broad-band noise are discussed. One is acoustic emissions from chaotically (non-periodically) pulsating bubbles. The other is acoustic emissions from bubbles with temporal fluctuation in the number of bubbles. It is suggested that the latter mechanism is sometimes dominant. Further studies are required on the role for bubble cluster dynamics as well as the bubble–bubble interaction in the broad-band noise especially at relatively low ultrasonic frequencies.