基于原子转移自由基聚合技术的偶氮苯星形液晶聚合物的合成与表征

利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)技术合成了含不同端基取代基的偶氮苯三臂星形侧链液晶聚合物. 均苯三酚与2-溴异丁酰溴通过酯化反应制备三官能团引发剂, 引发偶氮苯单体6-[4-(4-甲氧基苯基偶氮)酚氧基]己基甲基丙烯酸酯(MMAzo)或6-[4-(4-乙氧基苯基偶氮)酚氧基]己基甲基丙烯酸酯(EMAzo)的ATRP反应. 利用核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)、凝胶色谱(GPC)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和偏光显微镜(POM)等手段对星形聚合物进行表征. 星形聚合物的液晶性与相应均聚物相似, 但偶氮苯端基取代基的不同导致星形聚合物的液晶性差别显著. 在紫外/可见光照射下星形聚合物呈现明显的异构化转变.     

突破手套箱依赖的α-氨基酸N-羧基环内酸酐(NCA)快速开环聚合

多肽是由α-氨基酸以肽键形式连接在一起而形成的天然聚合物,具有多种重要生物功能。α-氨基酸N-羧基环内酸酐(NCA)开环聚合是制备多肽聚合物最便捷的方法,被多个领域广泛应用。传统的NCA聚合对水分非常敏感,通常使用严格干燥溶剂并在手套箱中操作;NCA聚合反应速率一般很慢,而且NCA单体本身不稳定,长时间的聚合会导致副反应的产生,并难以获得高分子量多肽聚合物。这些长期未解决的难点阻碍了NCA聚合材料的发展。最近,华东理工大学刘润辉课题组报道了六甲基二硅基胺基锂(LiHMDS)引发的NCA开环聚合方法,此方法聚合速率快,对水分不敏感,可在敞口容器中聚合,摆脱了对手套箱的依赖;该NCA聚合可合成高分子量多肽聚合物,产物具有多肽特征性的二级结构;另外,LiHMDS引发的NCA开环聚合为活性聚合,可实现多肽聚合物的端基功能化。     

RAFT聚合法合成聚丙烯酰胺基偶氮苯的研究

以二硫代苯甲酸苄酯(BDTB)为链转移剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,丙烯酰胺基偶氮苯(AAAB)为单体,DMF为溶剂,利用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合法合成了聚丙烯酰胺基偶氮苯(PAAAB),并考察了聚合温度和链转移剂浓度对聚合反应的影响。通过FT-IR、1 H-NMR、GPC等对链转移剂和聚合物结构进行了表征。结果表明:聚合反应动力学曲线呈良好的线性关系,分子量分布窄;随着[BDTB]/[AIBN]比例的增大,聚合速率和分子量下降,分子量分布变窄。     

含偶氮苯侧基接枝共聚物的可控合成及其光响应性能研究

以引发单体为基础,通过两种可控聚合方法,即原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)和开环易位聚合(ROMP)的联用,合成一种新型侧链含偶氮苯基团的接枝聚合物刷.含叔溴的降冰片烯引发剂首先引发偶氮苯单体的ATRP反应,生成聚合物接枝链,每条接枝链上都带有偶氮苯基团;然后,将具有高环张力降冰片烯的ATRP聚合物作为大分子单体,在第三代Grubbs催化剂的引发下进行ROMP反应,生成结构明确的新型接枝共聚物.其主链每个单体单元上均含有一条带偶氮苯基团的接枝链.最后,研究此类接枝共聚物在紫外与可见光照射下的光响应性能,并用UV-Vis分光光度计研究其在溶液中的顺反异构化过程.     

聚醋酸乙烯酯的光引发可控合成——介绍一个高分子化学综合实验

本实验开展了醋酸乙烯酯的可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合(RAFT),分别运用偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)引发和可见光引发两种方式进行了聚合反应,运用核磁共振和凝胶色谱等多种手段对所得聚合物结构进行了表征与分析。通过比较AIBN引发与光引发所获得聚合物端基结构的异同,加深了学生对RAFT聚合方法原理的理解。同时,运用该方法实现了聚合物两端端基结构的高度功能化,深入体会聚合物合成设计概念。本综合实验教学不仅通过对比法加深了学生对实验原理和专业知识的理解,提升了学生创新研究能力,而且训练了学生的实验操作技能、大型仪器使用能力和结果分析能力,提升了综合素质。     

RAFT聚合合成高分子量嵌段聚合物

以合成高分子量聚合物为目标,以苯基二硫代乙酸-1-苯基乙酯(PEPDTA)作为RAFT试剂,研究引发剂的种类(偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)、1-1′-偶氮环己腈(ACC))、用量及聚合温度对苯乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯RAFT共聚合过程和聚合物结构的影响.结果发现,由于体系中RAFT浓度很低,相应的引发剂浓度要比传统自由基聚合低得多,只有采用较高的聚合温度和低分解速率常数的引发剂(ACC),才能制得无活性聚合物分率低(<0.1)、分子量高的聚合物,并进一步得到杂质含量少、分子量分布窄的嵌段聚合物.     

含硝基偶氮苯侧基的丙烯酸酯类液晶聚合物的合成、结构与性能研究Ⅰ.含硝基偶氮苯侧基的丙烯酸酯液晶聚合物的合成

设计合成了溴烷基(对硝基偶氮苯基)醚■和含硝基偶氮苯的丙烯酸酯■两组化合物;用自由基聚合和化学改性两种方法合成了含硝基偶氮苯侧基的丙烯酸酯液晶聚合物,用DSC,偏光显微镜和x-射线衍射等方法表征了聚合物的相行为。     

具有AIE效应的Eu(Ⅲ)-聚(N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮)配位聚合物Pdots的制备及双色肿瘤细胞成像

本研究通过原位引发聚合方法,以合成的4,4'-偶氮(4-氰基戊酸酯基)四苯乙烯(TPE-tetraAZO)为引发剂,引发乙烯基吡咯烷酮单体聚合,并通过侧链含孤对电子的N、O元素与稀土Eu(Ⅲ)配位,成功制备四臂星型聚合物TPE-tetraPVP-Eu(Ⅲ),该双亲性聚合物可自组装成尺寸约为20nm的非半导体型聚合物量子点(Pdots).光学性能研究表明:该Pdots在360 nm和395 nm激发下分别发射蓝色(435 nm)和红色(615 nm)荧光,其中, Pdots的蓝色荧光具有典型的AIE特性,并对环境温度和pH具有明显双重响应特性,最低临界温度为37℃,接近人体温度.此外,Pdots表现出低细胞毒性,可通过调节激发波长,实现对HeLa、HepG2及A549三种肿瘤细胞的可逆双色荧光成像,展现出优异的成像效果,有望作为一种活细胞多色荧光示踪探针材料.     

二茂钛/锡/环氧化合物引发苯乙烯活性自由基聚合的研究

采用单茂钛CpTiCl3和二茂钛金属化合物(n-BuCp)2TiCl2,引发剂4-甲氧苯基缩水甘油基醚(I1),1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油基醚(I2),4,4′-亚甲基二(N,N-二缩水甘油基苯胺)(I4)和苯基缩水甘油基醚甲醛共聚物(I5)及还原剂Sn组成引发体系,引发苯乙烯活性自由基聚合,合成线型和多臂聚合物.探讨了不同茂钛金属化合物、引发剂和还原剂对苯乙烯聚合的影响;并采用13C-NMR和GPC对聚苯乙烯的结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明所得聚合物是无规聚苯乙烯,聚合物分子量高,分子量分布窄.聚合行为属于活性自由基聚合.     

铈离子与乙酰乙酸乙酯体系引发烯类聚合的研究

<正> 铈离子与醇、醛、酮、α-羟基酸等组成的体系能引发烯类单体进行自由基聚合。关于铈离子与酯类化合物体系文献报道甚少。孙燕慧发现脂肪酸酯或芳香酸酯对铈离子引发丙烯酰胺(AAM)聚合能起促进作用,提高聚合速度只R_(p)但活性较小,相对聚合速度只,为1.3左右。本文研究了二元酸酯、乙酰乙酸乙酯(EACAC)分别与铈离子组成的体系引发AAM聚合,实验结果表明EACAC有很高的活性,它与铈离子组成的体系为一氧化还原引发体系。应用自由基捕捉技术和ESR波谱研究,能检测到由EACAC组分反应产生的自由基,从聚合物端基的FT-IR光谱分析,证实了该自由基能引发单体聚合而成为聚合物的端基。从而讨论了引发机理。     

Effect of polymerization conditions on the molecular weight of polystyrene grafted onto silica in the radical graft polymerization initiated by azo or peroxyester groups introduced onto the surface

The effect of polymerization conditions on the molecular weight of polystyrene grafted onto silica obtained from the radical graft polymerization initiated by azo and peroxyester groups introduced onto the surface was investigated. The molecular weight of polystyrene grafted onto silica obtained from the radical graft polymerization initiated by surface azo and peroxyester groups decreased with decreasing monomer concentration and polymerization temperature. The molecular weight of polystyrene was found to be controlled to some extent by the addition of a chain transfer agent. The molecular weight of grafted chain on silica surface obtained from the graft polymerization initiated by surface radicals formed by photodecomposition of azo groups was considerably smaller than that by thermal decomposition. The number of grafted polystyrene in photopolymeriztion, however, was much larger than that in thermal polymerization. These results are explained by the blocking of surface radicals formed on the silica surface by previously grafted polymer chain: when the decomposition of surface azo and peroxyester groups proceed instantaneously at the initial stage of the polymerization, the number of grafted polymer chains increased.     

Cyclic peroxides and related initiating systems for radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate

Cyclic peroxides as initiators for the radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate were proposed. The initial rates, initiation rates, and effective activation energies of polymerization initiated by cyclic peroxides and cyclic peroxide-1-pyridyl-2-ferrocene systems were determined. The radical yields to the volume upon the thermal decomposition of cyclic peroxides and their catalytic decomposition in the presence of 1-pyridyl-2-ferrocene were determined. In combination with 1-pyridyl-2-ferrocene cyclic peroxides form efficient initiating systems favoring an increase in the polymerization rate, a decrease in the molecular weights, and an increase in syndiotacticity of the synthesized poly(methyl methacrylate).     

一种新型甲壳型液晶高分子的设计与合成

甲壳型液晶高分子是我国科学家最早设计和合成、受到国际学术界广泛关注的一类新型液晶高分子[1～ 6 ] .迄今已合成出 1 0个系列 1 0 0多种甲壳型液晶高分子 ,其中多数以乙烯基氢醌 [7] 、乙烯基对苯二胺 [8] 、乙烯基对苯二甲酸 [9] 和 2 -羟基 - 5-氨基苯乙烯 [10 ] 为关键中间体 .液晶核由 3个苯环以— COO—或— CONH—连接而成 .由于— COO—和— CONH—易与阳离子和阴离子相互作用 ,故已报道的甲壳型液晶高分子都是由自由基聚合反应制得 ,而很难用离子型聚合反应合成 .本文设计合成了一类未见文献报道的小分子液晶化合物 ,由此…     

Activity of the furfuryl ring in the free radical polymerization of acrylic monomers

The effect and the participation of the furfuryl ring, in particular the hydrogen at position C-5 in the free radical polymerization are analyzed following the polymerization of furfuryl acrylate (FA) and furfuryl methacrylate (FM) initiated by AIBN under photochemical activation. The results obtained indicate that the polymerization of FA deviates from the classical free radical kinetic scheme, giving rise to crosslinked polymers even at a degree of conversion lower than 7%. This behavior is well explained taking into consideration the participation of the furfuryl ring which acts as a degradative transfer agent. This was demonstrated by the kinetic analysis of the free radical polymerization of MMA initiated by the thermal decomposition of AIBN in the presence of different concentrations of furfuryl acetate. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The influence of a radical structure on the kinetics of photopolymerization

A radical initiation ability of new initiating systems in photopolymerization of 2‐ethyl‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1,3‐propanediol triacrylate has been investigated and presented. The evaluation of alkyltriphenyl‐ and tetraalkylborates, iodonium salts, N‐alkoxypyridinium salts, maleimides, phthalimides, 1,3,5‐triazine derivatives and others as a free radical source in combination with suitable photosensitizer for radical polymerization of triacrylate is described. It is assumed that the photochemical decomposition of a coinitiator molecule results in formation of free radicals, which further initiate polymerization. The order of activity of free radical sources on kinetic of photopolymerization was also presented. Different initiator activity can be explained by the difference in the decomposition rate constant and the reactivity of radicals formed toward the double bond of monomer. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 1575–1589     

Heterogeneous initiators for the synthesis of polymer nanocomposites

Nanocomposites are obtained by the radical polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate on the surface of a dispersed filler containing chemisorbed compounds of quaternary ammonium, which catalyze decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide. The heterogeneous catalysts of hydroperoxide decomposition are obtained via the adsorption of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and acetylcholine chloride on sodium montmorillonite, cellulose, and chitosan. The highest rate of the polymerization of both monomers is provided by the cellulose–cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide catalyst. For a more hydrophilic methyl methacrylate, the rate of radical initiation is significantly lower at the same concentrations of the catalyst and hydroperoxide compared with hydrophobic styrene; however, the rate of polymerization is higher than for styrene because of a higher activity of methyl methacrylate in chain-propagation reactions. Relatively high rates of radical generation upon contact of cellulose–cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and cellulose–acetylcholine with hydroperoxides open the possibility to create cellulose-based disinfecting and medical materials.     

新型感可见光的染料鎓盐光引发体系

本文报道了一种新型感可见光的引发体系-曙红双(二苯基碘鎓盐)(Eo(IPh_2)_2).在基态,这种体系具有良好的热稳定性,而在激发态时能发生离子对内光诱导电子转移反应,导致其发生漂白和碘鎓盐的分解反应,产生具有引发作用的自由基.该体系适用于一般烯类单体的自由基聚合,其中时丙烯酸酯类单体效果最好.在以甲基丙烯酯甲酯(MMA)为单体时,聚合反应速度满足动力学方程:R_p=l[Eo(IPh_2)_2]~(0.38)[MMA],并求得聚合反应的活化能E_c=7.00kcal/mol.氧在Eo(IPh_2)_2光敏引发聚合中,既起自由基聚合阻聚剂的作用,又起引发剂三重态猝灭剂作用     

聚偶氮酯的合成及用于乳液聚合

<正> 偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)与二元醇反应得到聚偶氮酯(polyazoester),进而可按自由基反应引发单体聚合制备嵌段共聚物,近年来国外已有研究,其所用单体多为1,6-己二醇等低分子二元醇。本实验选用AIBN和PEG 400,用Pinner合成法经改进后制得了聚偶氮酯,分析了该产物的结构和热分解动力学,并使之部分分解引发丙烯酰胺得到了兼具表面活性和引发活性的预聚物。结果表明,这种预聚物用于醋酸乙烯聚合、苯乙烯和     

Low Ceiling Temperature in Radical Polymerization of 2, 6-Dimethylphenyl Methacrylate

Abstract

A procedure for determining the ceiling temperature in radical polymerization was proposed. By means of this procedure, the ceiling temperature in radical polymerization of 2, 6-dimethyl-phenyl methacrylate was determined. It was noted that the introduction of the methyl groups in the 2- and 6-positions of phenyl methacrylate lowered remarkably the ceiling temperature as the results of steric hindrance. This polymer was consistently found to undergo easily thermal decomposition into the monomer. These results were explained by increased steric requirement between α-, 2-, and 6-methyl groups in the polymer.     

ATRP合成星型聚4-乙烯基二苯乙烯及性能研究

本文以2-溴异丁酸季戊四醇四酯(PT-Br)为引发剂,CuBr为催化剂,五甲基二亚乙基三胺(PMDETA)为配体,引发荧光单体4-乙烯基二苯乙烯(VS)进行原子转移自由基聚合,合成了星型荧光聚合物,且分子量分布较窄(1.37～1.50).通过与线性聚4-乙烯基二苯乙烯(line-PVS)的性能比较,发现星型聚4-乙烯基二苯乙烯的溶液粘度和玻璃化转变温度都相对较低.另外,还通过荧光光谱对星型聚合物的光学性能进行了表征.