基于Balabolka与Flash软件高校实验教学创新及其实践——以分析化学实验教学为例

为了提高高校实验教学质量,研究了实验教学方式的创新,利用互联网上的Balabolka与Flash免费软件,运用"遮罩"、按钮制作等技术,将完整的实验步骤文字内容,制作成语音动画进行展示,上传至互联网供师生共享。既提高了大学生的实验兴趣,加深了对实验的理解,培养了创新能力,又有利于翻转课堂的实现,同时还提供了更加丰富多样的互联网教育资源。本语音动画实验制作容易、操作简便、成本低廉、绿色环保。     

分析化学综合实验中的软件实验教学设计——以Excel为例

以Excel为例, 从实验设计原则、实验内容、教学手段等方面系统介绍了分析化学综合实验中软件实验的教学设计, 对提高学生实验数据分析能力及处理效率具有重要作用, 是分析化学实验教学的有益探索。     

SigmaPlot软件在物理化学实验中的应用

SigmaPlot软件功能强大,使用方便、快捷,普遍用于数据分析和科研绘图。将其应用到物理化学实验数据处理、计算以及对所作的图形进行线性拟合、非线性曲线拟合,不仅简化了数据处理的过程,而且还提高了分析结果的准确度,同时也可以培养学生运用现代技术手段学习物理化学实验科学规律的能力。该文以物理化学实验教学中相关实验数据处理为例,探讨了SigmaPlot在物理化学实验教学中运用的基本原理和方法。     

仪器分析实验多媒体教学软件的研制

开发了一个具有远程互动式功能的仪器分析实验多媒体教学软件,内容包括仪器分析实验教学中的基础理论、背景知识、预习测试、实验报告、实验讨论、实验操作技能规范等。     

计算机与化学Origin软件在物理化学实验中的应用

物理化学实验数据处理类型分为直线型和曲线型。本文结合实例对每一类实验数据利用Origin软件作图并进行线性拟合、非线性拟合和分段拟合处理。最后得出运用Origin软件进行物理化学实验数据处理具有客观性和规范性、可以大大提高处理效率的结论。     

溶解热测量实验软件设计

设计编写了用于溶解热测量实验的软件,特点是直观易用,功能较多,可在实验中记录原始数据并图示体系温度的变化;设计了由易到难的几种数据处理方案,学生可根据自己的能力选择。     

一个形象、生动的化学实验模拟软件——Crocodile Chemistry简介

Crocodile Chemistry是一个化学类实验模拟软件,它提供了100多种化学药品和实验仪器,可以生动地模拟无机、分析、物化等实验,其界面简洁友好,操作简单方便,图形及动画直观生动。使用Crocodile Chemistry不仅可以定性显示化学反应现象,还可以利用其提供的图表工具从定量的角度描述化学反应。本文主要介绍了Crocodile Chemistry的操作界面、主要内容和功能特点,并附案例说明具体的操作方法。     

甲醛分子的结构和性质的计算化学研究——介绍一个计算化学实验

介绍一个为化学专业本科生设计的、运用通用量子化学软件Gaussian和GaussView完成的计算化学实验.实验内容包括最基本的构型优化、频率计算和电子结构分析.旨在通过本实验,使学生初步掌握用量子化学计算方法研究分子结构和性质的基本过程,并能在将来的科研工作中学以致用.     

因子分析在分析化学实验教学中的应用

开设了多元校正 分光光度法同时测定混合色素的综合性实验 ,编写了可在Windows 95下运行的数据处理软件 ,并采用因子分析及交叉验证法分别对光度法和容量分析的实验数据进行处理 ,从而可客观地评价学生的实验操作能力。     

基于网络的化学软件在生物化学实验教学中的应用

结合生物化学实验的教学特点,探讨了信息时代下ChemLab、ChembioOffice 等化学软件在生物化学实验教学中的应用,提倡将计算机软件与多媒体技术有机结合,贯穿于课前预习、操作讲解、实验设计和数据分析等整个实验教学过程,以增强教学的直观性与生动性,激发学生的实验兴趣和学习主动性,促进生物化学实验教学效果的全面提高。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。