几种（C^N）Pt^ⅡQ 型配合物的电子结构和紫外-可见吸收光谱

在B3LYP/LANL2DZ水平上优化了三种(C^N)PtⅡQ型配合物基态的几何结构,进行了频率计算,并采用含时密度泛函(TD-DFr)方法结合极化连续体模型(PCM)计算了目标配合物在CHCl2溶液中的电子结构和紫外.可见吸收光谱.计算值与文献报道值相似.计算结果表明这三种(C^N)PtⅡQ型配合物在可见光区都有强度较大而且宽的吸收峰,它们的最低能量吸收峰的跃迁具有ILCT(配体内部电荷转移)和部分MLCT(金属向配体的电荷转移)的特征,不同于PtⅡQ2型配合物在多数情况下表现出的ILCT的跃迁性质.     

高效发光材料[(C^N)2IrL]+阳离子配合物的结构和光谱特征

从理论上研究了一系列Ir(Ⅲ)[(C^N)2IrL]+[C^N=ppy, L=pzpy(1); C^N=dfppy, L=pzpy(2); C^N=ppy, L=pybi(3); C^N=tpy, L=acac(4); 其中ppy=2-苯基吡啶, dfppy=2-(2,4-双氟苯基)吡啶, pzpy=2-吡唑基吡啶, pybi=1-苯基-2-(吡啶基)-1H-苯并咪唑, tpy=2-(4-甲苯基)-吡啶, acac=乙酰丙酮]配合物的结构和光谱特征. 分别在B3LYP/LanL2DZ和CIS/LanL2DZ计算水平下优化了它们的基态和激发态结构. 计算得到的Ir-N, Ir-C和Ir-O基态键长和相应实验值符合较好. 在激发态下, Ir-N和Ir-C键长增加了约0.0003~0.003 nm, 而Ir-O键长则缩短了约0.0012 nm. 在含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)计算水平下, 结合极化连续介质模型(PCM), 得到配合物1~4的最低能的吸收和发射分别出现在398 nm(1), 370 nm(2), 419 nm(3)和437 nm(4)以及511 nm(1), 457 nm(2), 602 nm(3)和479 nm(4). 配合物1, 2, 4的跃迁属于d(Ir)+π(C^N)→π*(C^N)的电荷转移跃迁, 而化合物3的跃迁则归因于d(Ir)+π(C^N)→π*(pybi)的电荷转移跃迁. 这表明此类配合物的吸收和发射主要受前线分子轨道的金属成分控制, 同时也受辅助配体L的影响.     

扩展卟啉Ni(Ⅱ),Pd(Ⅱ)和Pt(Ⅱ)单金属配合物光电性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函方法(DFT),对六元扩展卟啉的Ni(Ⅱ),Pd(Ⅱ)和Pt(Ⅱ)单金属配合物进行了几何构型的优化.在优化的基础上,对6种配合物进行了电荷分解分析(CDA)、扩展电荷分解分析(ECDA)以及前线分子轨道的成分分析.基于几何优化的结果,在含时密度泛函(TD-DFT)方法下,计算了6种配合物的吸收光谱.得出如下结论:无论是R型还是M型配合物,Pd(Ⅱ)同六元扩展卟啉的电荷转移值都是最大的,从而也说明中心金属Pd(Ⅱ)同配体之间的相互作用也是最大的.通过对吸收光谱和前线分子轨道的分析,在B带最大吸收峰上,R型配合物主要显示出由金属到配体的电荷转移(MLCT),并且金属轨道在跃迁成分中占比越大,最大吸收峰红移越远,其最大吸收峰顺序λ(Ni@RHP)(492nm)λ(Pt@RHP)(477nm)λ(Pd@RHP)(467nm).而对于M型配合物的Ni@MHP和Pd@MHP,90%以上的跃迁来自配体内的电荷转移(ILCT),并且展示了几乎相等的最大吸收峰(540nm).Pt@MHP与前者相比有40nm的红移,并展示了MLCT的吸收特征.     

六元卟啉Hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1)的Pd(Ⅱ)金属配合物光电性质的理论研究

通过密度泛函和含时密度泛函方法对六元卟啉的钯金属配合物进行了系统的研究,探讨了几种金属配合物光学性质的变化.对于具有26π电子体系3个单金属配合物在Q带的最大吸收峰顺序为λmax(D26Pd)>λmax(R26Pd)>λmax(M28Pd),这同它们的ΔEH-L成反比.其中D26Pd和M28Pd的跃迁来自于π→π*的ILCT的跃迁,而R26Pd有部分金属d轨道参与到跃迁,跃迁性质为ILCT/MLCT.它们的B带的强吸收峰同自由状态下的配体的吸收光谱比较,配合物的吸收峰发生了约20nm左右的蓝移,吸收主要贡献都是来自于d(metal)→π*的MLCT的跃迁.非芳香性配合物M28Pd2α的跃迁性质则不同,无论是Q带还是B带都没有发现金属的参与,而且吸收强度明显降低.     

具有三维结构的Co(II)配合物二阶非线性光学性质的DFT研究

以实验合成出的Schiff碱配体和Co(II)配合物为母体,设计了Schiff碱配体和具有三维结构的Co(II)配合物.采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP/6-31g(d)-FF方法对具有开壳层电子组态Co(II)配合物及相应配体的二阶非线性光学(NLO)效应进行了计算.结果表明:Schiff碱配体形成配合物后分子的二阶NLO性质没有发生大的改变,这是由于金属Co2 离子在配合物电荷转移(CT)过程中起到了桥的作用,对分子的二阶NLO响应直接贡献不大.结合配合物的前线分子轨道分析发现,在分子内电荷转移过程中,对分子二阶NLO系数的主要贡献是配体内电荷转移(ILCT)跃迁.     

具有三维结构的Co(II)配合物二阶非线性光学性质的DFT 研究

以实验合成出的Schiff碱配体和Co(II)配合物为母体, 设计了Schiff碱配体和具有三维结构的Co(II)配合物. 采用密度泛函理论的 B3LYP/6-31g(d)-FF方法对具有开壳层电子组态Co(II)配合物及相应配体的二阶非线性光学(NLO)效应进行了计算. 结果表明: Schiff碱配体形成配合物后分子的二阶NLO性质没有发生大的改变, 这是由于金属Co2+离子在配合物电荷转移(CT)过程中起到了桥的作用, 对分子的二阶NLO响应直接贡献不大. 结合配合物的前线分子轨道分析发现, 在分子内电荷转移过程中, 对分子二阶NLO系数的主要贡献是配体内电荷转移(ILCT)跃迁.     

IrR(CO)(PH3)2(mnt)配合物的基态和激发态结构及光谱性质的 理论研究

应用MP2和CIS方法分别优化了IrR(CO)(PH3)2(mnt) [mnt＝maleonitriledithiolate; R＝H (1), CH3 (2), Br (3)]系列配合物的基态和激发态几何结构. 使用TD-DFT方法计算了配合物的吸收和发射光谱. 计算结果表明: 配合物1～3在430, 435及439 nm处的最低能吸收均为ILCT/LLCT/MLCT混合跃迁性质, 它们的最低能磷光发射和吸收性质相似, 发射波长则红移至760, 770和800 nm. 配合物2与 1的几何结构、光谱性质都很接近, 而配合物3中, 由于溴的引入使其基态和激发态几何构型及前线分子轨道成分与1和2有很大不同, 进而对其光谱及跃迁性质产生了影响.     

一类新型苯基吡唑铱(Ⅲ)配合物的电子结构及光谱性质

为了探索新型苯基吡唑铱(Ⅲ)配合物的电子结构与光谱性质之间的关系,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)优化了铱金属配合物(ppz)2Ir(BTZ)(1)和(ppz)2Ir(4-TfmBTZ)(2)的基态与激发态的几何结构.通过含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)方法计算了配合物的吸收和发射谱,指认了它们的跃迁性质.和Ir(ppz)3相比,通过引入新的辅助配体并对其修饰实现了发光颜色的调节.配合物1和2的最低能磷光发射可指认为3MLCT/3LLCT/3ILCT[π*(R-BTZ)→d(Ir)+π(ppz)+π(R-BTZ)]的电荷混合跃迁.此外,它们的磷光发射和吸收有相似的跃迁性质.MLCT主要发生在Ir(R-BTZ)片段而不是Ir(ppz)2片段.第二配体在此配合物的发光过程中起了主要作用.     

异构的蒽乙烯单钌配合物:合成与表征、电化学、光谱性质及理论计算

通过9-蒽乙炔基及2-蒽乙炔基分别与有机金属氢化物羰基氯氢三(三苯基膦)钌(Ⅱ)[Ru HCl(CO)(PPh_3)_3]反应,再使用三甲基膦(PMe_3)交换配体,合成并表征了具有同分异构结构的蒽乙烯单钌配合物1和2,其中配合物2的结构还经X射线单晶衍射的确证,结合理论计算研究了其电学及光学性质。密度泛函理论(DFT)优化配合物1和2的电子结构显示,在两个异构体中钌乙烯基与蒽配体呈现明显不同的构型,前线分子轨道图显示最高已占分子轨道(HOMO)上电子离域于整个分子骨架,其中以配体蒽乙烯基所占比例为90%,表明蒽乙烯基配体参与该配合物氧化进程的比例很大。电化学实验结果表明,配合物1的氧化还原可逆性明显低于配合物2。配合物1和2及前体分子1b和2b的电子吸收光谱结果表明,配合物与前体分子相比光谱性质呈现明显变化,其在紫外区域的强吸收峰明显减弱,而在长波长方向均出现了弱而宽的吸收峰,该吸收峰已经通过含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT)计算将其归属于π→π*以及金属配位电荷转移(MLCT)跃迁吸收,均来自于HOMO→LUMO跃迁产生。荧光发射光谱揭示金属配位之后其荧光强度和荧光量子产率明显降低。CCDC:1488284,2。     

[M(N)X2]-(M=Ru, Os; X=S2C6H4, mnt)的电子结构和光谱性质的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的B3LYP方法优化了氮化钌和氮化锇配合物[M(N)X2]-[M=Ru, Os; X=S2C6H4, mnt(maleonitriledithiolate)]的基态几何结构, 得到的几何参数与实验结果吻合得很好. 采用TD-DFT方法, 得到了配合物在CH3CN溶液中的激发态电子结构和电子吸收光谱. 利用SCRF方法中的CPCM模型来模拟溶剂化效应. 研究结果表明, 配合物1~4在CH3CN溶液中的吸收跃迁性质相似, 低能吸收均被指认为LMCT和LLCT的混合跃迁, 高能吸收均被指认为ILCT/LLCT跃迁.     

Photophysics and nonlinear absorption of cyclometalated 4,6-diphenyl-2,2'-bipyridyl platinum(II) complexes with different acetylide ligands

The photophysical properties of a series of 4,6-diphenyl-2,2'-bipyridyl platinum(II) complexes bearing different σ-alkynyl ancillary ligands (1a-1k) were systematically investigated. All complexes exhibit strong (1)π,π* absorption bands in the UV region; and broad, structureless charge-transfer band(s) in the visible region, which systematically red-shift(s) when the electron-donating ability of the para substituent on the phenylacetylide ligand increases. All complexes are emissive in solution at room temperature. When excited at the charge-transfer absorption band, the complexes exhibit long-lived orange emission (λ(max): 555-601 nm), which is attributed to a triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer/intraligand charge transfer emission ((3)MLCT/(3)ILCT). Most of these complexes exhibit broad triplet transient difference absorption in the visible to the near-IR region, with a lifetime comparable to those measured from the decay of the (3)MLCT/(3)ILCT emission. The reverse saturable absorption (RSA) of these complexes were demonstrated at 532 nm using nanosecond laser pulses. The degree of RSA follows this trend: 1k ≈ 1a > 1c > 1f ≈ 1i > 1h ≈ 1b > 1e > 1d > 1g, which is mainly determined by the ratio of the triplet excited-state absorption cross section to that of the ground-state and the triplet excited-state quantum yield.     

Bimetallic Ru(II)–Ir(III) complexes with bridging 2,2′‐bipyrimidine: Synthesis,structures and characterization

In this work, four bimetallic Ru(II)–Ir(III) complexes with the general formula [(bpy)₂Ru(bpm)Ir(C^N)₂](PF₆)₃ (bpy = 2,2‐bipyridine, bpm = 2,2′‐bipyrimidine, C^N = 2‐phenylpyridinato ( 2 ), (2‐p‐tolyl)pyridinato ( 3 ), 2‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)pyridinato ( 4 ), and 2‐thienylpyridinato ( 5 )) were synthesized. Complexes 2 – 5 were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The structures of the complexes 2 and 4 were further confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. All the complexes display strong absorption in the high‐energy UV region assigned to intraligand (IL) transitions, and the lower energy bands are ascribed to metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions. The reduction and oxidation behavior of the complexes 2 – 5 were examined by cyclic voltammetry. Variation of the ligands on Ir(III) center resulted in significant changes in electrochemical properties.     

Theoretical study on second-order nonlinear optical properties of 1,10-phenanthroline Ru(Ⅱ) complexes

The dynamic first hyperpolarizabilities of a series of 1,10-phenanthroline Ru(Ⅱ) complexes were carried out using density functional theory(DFT).The results indicate that these complexes have large second-order nonlinear optical(NLO) responses.Specially,complex 6b has a maximal first hyperpolarizability βtot value.The first hyperpolarizabilities can be tuned by changing the ancillary ligand,introducing electron-acceptor group NO2 and/or increasing π-conjugation on phenanthroline.Calculations on absorption spectra demonstrate that the second-order NLO responses of complexes in series a are ascribed to the intraligand charge transfer(ILCT),while the complexes in series b exhibit metal-to-ligand charge transfer(MLCT) and ligand-to-ligand charge transfer(LLCT) transition at relatively low-energy absorptions.     

Dinuclear platinum(II) 4,6-diphenyl-2,2'-bipyridine complexes tethered by a rigid bridging ligand: synthesis and photophysics in solution and in LB film

Two dinuclear platinum(II) 4,6-diphenyl-2,2'-bipyridine (C^N^N) complexes (1 and 2) with a rigid bridging ligand cis-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene were synthesized and their photophysical properties were systematically investigated in solution for 1 and 2 and in LB film for 2. Similar to their corresponding mononuclear complexes, both complexes exhibit intense (1)π,π* absorption in the UV region and a broad, moderate absorption band in the visible region, which likely stems from the mixed (1)MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer), (1)ILCT (intraligand charge transfer) and (1)π,π* transitions. Both complexes are emissive in solutions at room temperature and in glassy matrix at 77 K. The emitting state is tentatively assigned as (3)MLCT for 1 and (3)MLCT/(3)ILCT/(3)π,π* for 2 at room temperature. At 77 K, the emission observed for 1 is mainly from the emissive ground-state aggregates, which is concentration dependent; while in 2 the emission from the monomer dominates. Unlike the dinuclear platinum complex with flexible bridging ligand diphenylphosphinoethane, the electronic absorption and emission energies of 1 and 2 at room temperature are independent of their concentration, indicating a fixed conformation for these two complexes. In addition, the presence of alkoxyl substituents on the diphenylbipyridine ligands causes a bathochromic shift of the lowest-energy absorption band and the emission band at room temperature for 2, presumably due to the involvement of the ILCT character into the lowest excited states. The presence of alkoxyl substituents in 2 also makes 2 amphiphilic, allowing for the fabrication of LB films of 2. The electronic absorption and emission characteristics in the LB films of 2 are quite similar to those in solutions, indicating no intermolecular Pt-Pt interactions occur in the LB films. The dinuclear complex without alkoxyl substituent (1) exhibits vapochromic behavior to heteroatom-containing volatile organic compounds (VOC's).     

Strong red emissions induced by Pt–Pt interactions in binuclear cycloplatinated(II) complexes containing bridging diphosphines

A series of dinuclear cycloplatinated(II) complexes with general closed formula of [Pt₂Me₂(C^N)₂(μ‐P^P)] (C^N = 2‐vinylpyridine (Vpy), 2,2′‐bipyridine N‐oxide (O‐bpy), 2‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)pyridine (dfppy); P^P = 1,1‐bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm), N,N‐bis(diphenylphosphino)amine (dppa)) are reported. The complexes were characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy. Due to the presence of dppm and dppa with short backbones as bridging ligands, two platinum centres are located in front of each other in these complexes so a Pt…Pt interaction is established. Because of this Pt…Pt interaction, the complexes have bright orange colour under ambient light and are able to strongly emit red light under UV light exposure. These strong red emissions originate from a ³MMLCT (metal–metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer) electronic transition. In most of these complexes, the emissions have unstructured bell‐shaped bands, confirming the presence of large amount of ³MMLCT character in the emissive state. Only the complexes bearing dfppy and dppa ligands reveal dual luminescence: a high‐energy structured emission originating from ³ILCT/³MLCT (intra‐ligand charge transfer/metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer) and an unstructured low‐energy band associated with ³MMLCT. In order to describe the nature of the electronic transitions, density functional theory calculations were performed for all the complexes.     

双核Au(Ⅰ)配合物[Y+]2[Au(i-mnt)]2(Y+=[n-Bu4N]+,K+,[Ph4As]+)发光机制的从头计算研究

用从头算方法研究[Au(i-mnt)]22-(i-mnt=i-marononitriledithiolate)的电子吸收和磷光发射性质,利用MP2和CIS方法分别优化了[Au(i-mnt)]22-基态和激发态几何结构.计算的基态Au(Ⅰ)—Au(Ⅰ)键长为0.2825nm,表明Au(Ⅰ)之间存在弱吸引作用.采用SCRF方法中IPCM模型模拟配合物在乙氰溶液中的行为,计算得到的最大吸收波长为315.5nm,指认X1Ag→A1Au来源于i-mnt配体内电荷转移跃迁.在436.2nm处得到具有B3Au→1Ag跃迁的磷光发射,指认为i-mnt配体内电荷转移和金属到配体电荷转移跃迁,与500nm乙氰溶液的发射相对应,为金属修饰的有机配体发光机制.     

Theoretical studies of the spectroscopic properties of blue emitting iridium complexes

Electronic structures, absorptions and emissions of a series of (ppy)₂Ir(acac) derivatives (ppy = 2- phenylpyridine; acac = acetoylacetonate) with fluoro substituent on ppy ligands were investigated theoretically. The ground and excited states geometries were fully optimized at B3LYP/LANL2DZ and CIS/LANL2DZ level, respectively. The HOMO is composed of d(Ir) and π(C^∧N), while the LUMO is localized on C^∧N ligand. The absorptions and emissions in CH₂Cl₂ media were calculated under the TD–DFT level with PCM model. The lowest-lying absorption of these complexes is dominantly attributed to metal-to-ligand and intraligand charge transfer (MLCT/ILCT) transitions and the emission of them originates from ³MLCT/³ILCT excited states. The absorption and emission of these complexes are blue-shifted by increasing the number of fluoro on phenyl, but the spectra are red-shifted by adding fluoro on pyridyl. While a single fluoro of different substituted site on phenyl results in different extent blue-shift to the spectra.     

DFT/TDDFT studies on the electronic structures and spectral properties of rhenium(I) pyridinybenzoimidazole complexes

The electronic structures and spectral properties of three Re(I) complexes [Re(CO)3XL] (X = Br, Cl; L = 1-(4-5'-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazolylbenzyl)-2-pyridinylbenzoimidazole (1), 1-(4-carbazolylbutyl)-2-pyridinylbenzoimidazole (2), and 2-(1-ethylbenzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine (3)) were investigated theoretically. The ground and the lowest lying triplet excited states were fully optimized at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ and CIS/LANL2DZ levels, respectively. TDDFT/PCM calculations have been employed to predict the absorption and emission spectra starting from the ground and excited state geometries, respectively. The lowest lying absorptions were calculated to be at 481, 493, and 486 nm for 1-3, respectively, and all have the transition configuration of HOMO-->LUMO. The lowest lying transitions can be assigned as metal/ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT/LLCT) character for 1, ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT) character for 2, and mixed MLCT/LLCT and intraligand pi-->pi* charge transfer (ILCT) character for 3. The emission of 1 at 551 nm has the MLCT/(3)LLCT character, 2 has the (3)MLCT/(3)LLCT character at 675 nm, and the 651 nm transition of 3 has the character of (3)MLCT/(3)LLCT/(3)ILCT. Ionization potentials (IP) and electron affinities (EA) calculations show that the comparable EA and smaller IP values and the relatively balanceable charges transfer ability of 2 with respect to 1 and 3 result in the higher efficiency of OLEDs. The calculated results show that the absorption and emission transition character and device's efficiency can be changed by altering the ancillary ligands.     

Dual emission from 3MLCT and 3ILCT excited states in a new Ru(II) diimine complex

The unique behavior of a new Ru(II) diimine complex, Ru(bpy)(2)(L)(2+) (where L is 4-methyl-4'-[p-(dimethyl- amino)-alpha-styryl]-2,2'-bipyridine, bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine), was studied in detail. Due to the strong electron donating property of the amino group, an ILCT (intraligand charge transfer) state is involved either in the absorption spectra or in the time-resolved emission spectra. Dual emission based on (3)MLCT and (3)ILCT states was observed at room temperature for the first time via a time-resolved technique in Ru(II) diimine complexes.