光抽运多层石墨烯太赫兹表面等离子体增益特性的研究

本文建立了光抽运多层石墨烯表面等离子体模型,计算了光抽运多层石墨烯等离子体传播系数的实部和吸收系数,讨论了动量弛豫时间、温度、层数、准费米能级对表面等离子体传播系数的实部和吸收系数的影响.研究结果表明,光抽运多层石墨烯使其动态电导率的实部在太赫兹频段内出现负值时,石墨烯表面等离子体实现增益.通过光抽运剥离层石墨烯和含有底层石墨烯结构表面等离子体传播系数和吸收系数比较,表明光抽运剥离层石墨烯能更有效地实现表面等离子体的增益.同时,在低温下,光抽运具有合适层数的石墨烯比光抽运单层石墨烯能获得更大的表面等离子体增益.     

光抽运太赫兹探测技术研究ZnSe的光致载流子动力学特性

利用光抽运-太赫兹探测技术,研究了ZnSe的载流子弛豫过程和太赫兹波段电导率的时间演化过程.在中心波长为400 nm的抽运光作用下,ZnSe的载流子弛豫过程用双指数函数进行了很好的拟合,其快的载流子弛豫时间和慢的载流子弛豫时间均随抽运光密度的增加而增大.快的载流子弛豫时间随抽运光密度的增加而增大与样品中的缺陷有关,随着激发光密度的增加,激发的光生载流子浓度增大,缺陷逐渐被光生载流子填满,致使快的载流子弛豫时间增大;慢的载流子弛豫时间随着抽运光密度增加而增大主要和带填充有关.不同抽运光延迟时间下ZnSe在太赫兹波段的瞬态电导率用Drude-Smith模型进行了很好的拟合.对ZnSe光致载流子动力学特性的研究为高速光电器件的设计和制造提供了重要的实验依据.     

不同结构碳黑填充的复合体系的太赫兹时域光谱研究

利用熔融共混、压片的方法制备了两种不同结构的碳黑(乙炔碳黑和高结构碳黑)填充的高密度聚乙烯复合材料,并利用太赫兹时域光谱研究了复合体系在太赫兹波段的介电性质.研究发现,随着频率的增加,体系的吸收系数逐渐增大而折射率则逐渐降低;在相同的频率下,吸收系数和折射率均随颗粒浓度的增加而增大;与乙炔碳黑相比,相同浓度的高结构碳熙填充的复合体系具有较大的吸收系数和较低的折射率,这与碳黑的颗粒结构以及颗粒间的团聚状态是紧密相关的.假定复合体系的介电损耗是由碳黑颗粒内部载流子的极化和聚乙烯基体的界面极化所导致的,利用双德拜模型对实验结果进行了解释,分别得到了两种极化模式所对应的弛豫时间和弛豫强度等信息.     

太赫兹波段石墨烯频率可调贴片天线

以聚酰亚胺为衬底,设计了一种基于石墨烯的工作在太赫兹波段的频率可重构贴片天线,该天线不需要加载电子开关,通过调节偏置电场,可动态地调控天线的谐振频率点并保持辐射性能不变。研究了石墨烯的主要特性,利用天线的等效电路模型,计算了石墨烯贴片天线的输入阻抗,理论解释了频率可调谐的原因。所设计的石墨烯天线在太赫兹波段有5个谐振频率点,覆盖了678.25~721.75GHz的频段,辐射增益峰值可达6.92dB,辐射效率最高可达86.48%。     

太赫兹辐射场下的石墨烯光生载流子和光子发射

通过半经典的玻尔兹曼平衡方程理论研究了太赫兹辐射场下的石墨烯光生载流子和光子发射.研究得到了太赫兹辐射场下石墨烯的光生载流子浓度和光子发生率的解析公式.研究发现,掺杂电子浓度越小,或者温度越低,光生载流子浓度越大;掺杂电子浓度越大,或者温度越低,石墨烯的光子发射率越大.通过改变门电压或温度,可以有效地调控石墨烯光生载流子浓度和光子发射概率.理论研究结果和解析表达式对发展以石墨烯为基础的新型太赫兹光电器件具有重要的参考价值.     

介质填充浅槽周期结构表面上的太赫兹表面等离子体激元

通过在金属表面刻成浅的垂直凹槽,并在槽内填充不同的介质,对金属表面浅槽周期结构上传播的表面等离子体激元的色散特性与填充介质的关系进行了研究.研究表明通过在周期凹槽内填充介质可以有效降低人工表面等离子体激元的渐近频率,并增强金属表面对电磁场的约束.分析了太赫兹波段金属的吸收损耗对人工表面等离子体激元特性的影响,结果显示基于填充介质的浅槽周期表面结构可以获得长距离传输以及场的亚波长约束.通过对波传输的数值仿真,验证了该表面结构在太赫兹波段良好的导波能力.这种表面结构对太赫兹波段新型集成导波器件的设计具有参考价值.     

介质填充浅槽周期结构表面上的太赫兹表面等离子体激元

通过在金属表面刻成浅的垂直凹槽,并在槽内填充不同的介质,对金属表面浅槽周期结构上传播的表面等离子体激元的色散特性与填充介质的关系进行了研究.研究表明通过在周期凹槽内填充介质可以有效降低人工表面等离子体激元的渐近频率,并增强金属表面对电磁场的约束.分析了太赫兹波段金属的吸收损耗对人工表面等离子体激元特性的影响,结果显示基于填充介质的浅槽周期表面结构可以获得长距离传输以及场的亚波长约束.通过对波传输的数值仿真,验证了该表面结构在太赫兹波段良好的导波能力.这种表面结构对太赫兹波段新型集成导波器件的设计具有参考价值.     

太赫兹表面极化激元

作为束缚于表面或界面的电磁波与极性元激发的耦合模量子,表面极化激元是克服衍射极限的核心物理.在紫外、可见以及近红外波段,表面等离子极化激元展现出了亚波长特性,具有高分辨成像等应用,并发展成为"表面等离子极化激元亚波长光学"学科;在中红外波段,表面声子极化激元发挥着同样的作用.太赫兹波段曾是人类认识的空白区域,近三十年来得以高速发展,其战略意义重大.具有克服衍射极限能力的太赫兹表面极化激元同样是小型化与集成化太赫兹器件,以及太赫兹超高分辨成像的重要物理基础.近几年来,对以石墨烯为代表的二维材料的研究突飞猛进,诞生了"石墨烯表面等离子极化激元亚波长光学"这门学科,并贡献于太赫兹领域.本文对可在太赫兹波段工作的人工超构材料、掺杂半导体、二维电子气、二维材料、拓扑绝缘体等结构材料的表面极化激元进行了较为全面的总结与介绍,为研制克服衍射极限的太赫兹集成光子学器件提供可资借鉴的物理基础.     

等离激元增强的石墨烯光吸收

石墨烯中等离激元具有特殊的光电性质,其和入射光的强烈耦合可以引起光吸收的增强.本文基于时域有限差分法和多体自洽场理论研究了等离激元对处于光学谐振腔中的石墨烯光吸收的影响.由于石墨烯中等离激元与入射光动量和能量不匹配而不能直接相互作用,因此石墨烯上施加了金属光栅结构.研究发现光栅结构能够对入射光进行动量补偿并且能够引起其下石墨烯中的电场强度产生很大程度增强,从而导致在该石墨烯结构中太赫兹等离激元和入射光发生强烈耦合而产生太赫兹等离极化激元,同时引起石墨烯光吸收的增强.希望本文能够加深对石墨烯光电特性的理解以及可以为基于石墨烯的太赫兹光电装置提供一定的理论依据.     

温控太赫兹调制器多频带调制特性

基于开口谐振环结构设计了多频带太赫兹波调制器,并在谐振环的开口处及两侧均填充温敏介质锑化铟(InSb),研究了锑化铟的电磁性质随温度的变化、等效电感的组数对共振频带数目的影响以及锑化铟不同的填充方式对太赫兹波调制特性随温度的变化规律。研究结果表明,当环境温度从160 K上升到350 K时,锑化铟的载流子浓度和等离子体频率逐渐增大,然而等效介电常数却不断减小;每增加一组等效电感,太赫兹波调制器都会相应的增加一个共振频带;在调制器开口处和两侧均填充锑化铟时,当环境温度在160～350 K变化时,温度对太赫兹波的共振频率和共振幅度的调制效果比仅在开口处或者两侧填充锑化铟时更明显,且随着温度的升高,每个共振频带所对应的共振频率均明显增大。     

Effect of optical pumping on the momentum relaxation time of graphene in the terahertz range

The momentum relaxation time of a photoexcited graphene in the THz frequency range has been studied by using terabertz time domain spectroscopy under optical pumping at room temperature. It is found that the momentum relaxation time of the graphene as a function of the optical pumping intensity exhibits a threshold behavior. The features of the momentum relaxation time as a function of the optical pumping intensity are also investigated. The results are useful for understanding the basic underlying physics of graphene scattering as well as finding the possible applications in carbon- based electronics.     

Optical response of tunable terahertz plasmon in a grating-gated graphene transistor

Tunable terahertz plasmon in a graphene-based device with a grating serving as a top gate is studied. Transmission spectra exhibit a distinct peak in the terahertz region when the terahertz electric field is perpendicular to the grating fingers.Our results show that the extinction in the transmission of single-layer graphene shields beyond 80%. Electronic results further show that the graphene plasmon can be weakly adjusted by tuning the gate voltage. Theoretical calculation also implies that the plasmon frequency of graphene can fall into the terahertz region of 1–2 THz by improving the sustaining ability and capacitance of the top gate.     

Dynamically Tunable and High-Contrast Graphene-Based Terahertz Electro-Optic Modulator

We propose and discuss terahertz(THz) electro-optic modulator induced by periodically patterned graphene microcavity. Due to the joint effect of graphene plasmon resonances and Fabry-Perot(F-P) oscillations, plasmon-induced transparency(PIT) effect is achieved and the operation frequency can be dynamically tuned by graphene Fermi energies and structural parameters. The results reveal that modulation depth(MD) larger than 80% is obtained across a wide frequency range from 4.2 THz to 9.4 THz, and the largest MD and Q factor reaches 95% and 15.8, respectively. In addition, operation frequency range and MD can also be tuned by optimizing the structure parameters. This investigation promises the development of high-performance widely tunable THz modulator in chip integrated photonic circuits.     

Graphene and metal hybridized terahertz metasurfaces toward tunable plasmon-induced transparency effects

Tunable metasurfaces have attracted much attention recently, owing to their capability of actively controlling electromagnetic waves. Here, we propose tunable graphene-metal hybridized terahertz (THz) metasurfaces exhibiting plasmon induced transparency (PIT) effects, driven alternately by metal and graphene resonators. The proposed meta-molecule comprises a central metal (graphene) strip placed orthogonally to two side graphene (metal) strips. Then, near-field coupling between the strips is probed by translating the central strip along the length of the side strips and the evolution of the PIT effect is investigated for orthogonal polarizations of probing THz. The coupled oscillator-based analytical model explains the coupling mechanism in these metasystems. We observe the strongest coupling and the most prominent PIT effect for edge-to-edge coupling (threshold position) between the central and side strips. Further, active PIT response is achieved by altering graphene's Fermi energy. These metasurfaces can contribute in designing compact and active metasurface-based hybrid devices for THz domain.     

基于石墨烯振幅可调的宽带类电磁诱导透明超材料设计

基于石墨烯的电控特性提出了一种由金属线谐振器和"H"型谐振器组成的宽带可调的类电磁诱导透明(类EIT)超材料结构.首先,利用CST Microwave Studio软件对该超材料结构的透射特性进行了仿真.该结构在1.05—1.46 THz内的透射窗由金属线谐振器的等离子谐振和"H"型谐振器的电感-电容谐振干涉相消引起,且暗模式谐振器的数量增多导致了透射窗带宽的增加.其次,仿真模拟了该结构在不同石墨烯费米能级下的透射特性.当石墨烯费米能级由0 eV逐渐增加到1.5 eV时,该结构透射窗在1.05—1.46 THz内的平均透射振幅由87%逐渐减少到25%,实现了宽带可调.同时,通过仿真模拟该结构在1.26 THz下的电场分布对其透射机理进行了分析,并实验制备了类EIT超材料结构样品,且利用太赫兹时域光谱对样品进行了透射性能测试,测试结果与仿真分析的趋势基本一致.     

Interaction of terahertz electromagnetic waves with periodic gratings of graphene micro- and nanoribbons

An original mathematical model of the interaction of terahertz (THz) electromagnetic waves with periodic gratings of graphene micro- and nanoribbons is based on the solution to the boundary-value problem of diffraction for the Maxwell equations with electrodynamic boundary conditions and material equations. The electrodynamic calculations of the transmission coefficients of the TEM wave versus frequency are performed for the 2D grating of graphene micro- and nanoribbons at several chemical potentials, grating periods, and geometrical sizes of ribbons. The results of the calculations show that the transmission spectrum exhibits a minimum in the THz range if the electric field of the wave is perpendicular to the graphene ribbons. The minimum is due to the plasmon resonance of the fundamental mode in graphene, and the absorption peaks at higher frequencies in the upper part of the THz range are related to the highorder plasmon modes.     

Realization of THz dualband absorber with periodic cross-shaped graphene metamaterials

A dualband terahertz(THz) absorber including periodically distributed cross-shaped graphene arrays and a gold layer spaced by a thin dielectric layer is investigated.Numerical results reveal that the THz absorber displays two perfect absorption peaks.To elucidate the resonant behavior, the LC model is introduced to fit the spectra.Moreover, the strength and linewidth of the absorption peak can be effectively tuned with structural parameters and the relaxation time of graphene.Owing to its rotational symmetry, this THz absorber exhibits polarization insensitivity.Our designed absorber is a promising candidate in applications of tunable optical sensors and optical filters.     

Terahertz generation and amplification in graphene nanoribbons in multi-frequency electric fields

We study theoretically a multi-frequency response of electrons in confined graphene subject to DC–AC driven fields. We explore the possibility for using graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) to generate and amplify terahertz (THz) radiations in electric field domainless regime. We discover two main important schemes of generation; when the frequencies are commensurate, THz generation is due to wave mixing and when they are non-commensurate, a single strong field suppresses space charge instability and any weak signals can get amplified.