LaAg x In1−x

The structures of LaAg _x In_1–x alloys withx=0.75, 0.89 are determined by neutron diffraction on powder samples. The space group isI4/mmm (D _4h ^/17 ). The lattice constants splitting, the order parameter and the mean square vibrational amplitudes of the atoms are given in the temperature range from 20 KT300 K.     

Negatron effects in CdSe1 − x Te x and ZnS1−x Se x films

Various negatron effects in films of alloys of II–VI compounds deposited from solutions as a function of the deposition mode and heat treatment are studied. It is found that the negative photocapacitance effect, which was first discovered in ZnS_1?x Se _x films, and the slowly relaxing negative photoelectric effects, which are caused by the transition of electrons located in a nanoscale surface layer from the shallow energy levels of trapping centers to deeper levels with a lower polarizability and by the presence of nanoscale clusters in these materials, which play the role of a “reservoir” for minority charge carriers, occur according to a single mechanism. A model to explain the basic laws of negative photoconductivity in CdSe_{1 ? x} Te _x films deposited from a solution is proposed. Negative residual conductivity is explained in terms of double-barrier relief model, while negative differential photoconductivity is attributed to the presence of nanoscale electric domains.     

Phase transitions in La1−x CaxMnO3−x/2 manganites

The crystal structure parameters and magnetic and electrical properties of La_1?x Ca_xMnO_3?x/2 reduced manganites with 0≤x≤0.5 are established. These investigations contribute to the understanding of magnetic interactions in manganites without Mn⁴⁺ ions. It is found that these manganites show a long-range antiferromagnetic order up to x=0.09 and transform into spin glasses at 0.09<x≤0.35. The compositions in the range 0.35<x≤0.5 show a strong increase in the spontaneous magnetization and critical point associated with the appearance of spontaneous magnetization and can therefore be viewed as inhomogenious ferromagnets. The magnetic and crystal structure peculiarities of La_0.5Ca_0.5MnO_2.75 are established by the neutron diffraction method. The strongly reduced samples show a large magnetoresistance below the point where the spontaneous magnetization develops. The magnetic phase diagram of La_1?x Ca_xMnO_3?x/2 is established by magnetization measurements. The magnetic behavior is interpreted assuming that the Mn³⁺-O-Mn³⁺ magnetic interaction is anisotropic (positive-negative) in the orbitally ordered phase and isotropic (positive) in the orbitally disordered phase. Introduction of the oxygen vacancies changes the magnetic interaction sign from positive to negative, thereby leading to a spin glass state in strongly reduced compounds. The results obtained reveal unusual features of strongly reduced manganites such as a large ferromagnetic component, a high magnetic ordering temperature, and a large magnetoresistance despite the absence of Mn³⁺-Mn⁴⁺ pairs. In order to explain these results, the oxygen vacancies are supposed to be ordered.     

Martensitic transformation in La1−x Yb x Ag1−y In y

The structural phase transformation of La_1–x Yb _x Ag_1–y In _y has been studied on single crystals by low temperature Laue-technique. The martensitic transformation in this pseudobinary intermetallic alloy has to be characterized as a weak orthorhtombic distortion of a single I centered unit cell (c/a1.04;a/b1.006) and a collective slipping or twinning of these cells that gives a fixed orientation between the remaining cubic room temperature structure and the martensitic phase. Above room temperature exists an order-disorder transformation from the CsCl-B2 structure to an at room temperature metastable W-A2 structure. There is no dramatic change in the physical properties of this alloy by substituting La by Yb, so we may approximate our results to LaAg_1–y In _y .This paper is dedicated to Prof. Dr. S. Methfessel on the occasion of his 60^th birthday     

Optical coefficients of Hg1 − x − y Cd x Eu y Se crystals

Optical properties of Hg_{1 ? x ? y} Cd _x Eu _y Se crystals grown by the Bridgman method have been investigated based on the independent reflectance and transmittance measurements, which were performed on a Nicolet 6700 spectrometer at T = 300 K in the wavelength range 0.9 ≤ λ ≤ 26.6 μm. The values of refractive index n, absorption index k, and absorption coefficient α have been determined for the crystals studied. Based on the dependences α = f(hν), the presence of direct allowed interband optical transitions in the crystals is established and the band-gap values are determined. The influence of temperature on the transmittance and band gap are investigated in the range T = 114–300 K.     

Thermoelectric properties of the Nd2−x Ce x CuO4−y system

The temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient (in region 300–900 K) and the lattice constants of Nd_2–x Ce_xCuO_4–y (x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) with different oxygen content were measured. The value of S is always negative and it decreases with both Ce content and oxygen non-stoichiometry. At a certain concentration of Ce and oxygen in the material, the Seebeck coefficient becomes temperature-independent.The authors would like to thank Professor J. Horák of University of Chemical Technology, Pardubice for helpful discussions.     

Magnetic transitions in LaFe13−x−yCoySix compounds

The magnetic properties of a set of LaFe_13?x?yCo_ySi_x compounds (x = 1.6 ? 2.6; y = 0, y = 1.0) have been investigated using magnetic measurements, thermal expansion, ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and high resolution neutron powder diffraction methods over the temperature range 10–300 K. The natures of the magnetic transitions in these LaFe_13?x?yCo_ySi_x compounds have been determined. The Curie temperatures of LaFe_13?xSi_x were found to increase with Si content from T_C = 219(5) K for Si content x = 1.6 to T_C = 250(5) K for x = 2.6. Substitution of Co for Fe in LaFe_10.4Si_2.6 resulted in a further enhancement of the magnetic ordering temperature to T_C = 281(5) K for the LaFe_9.4CoSi_2.6 compound. The nature of the magnetic transition at the Curie temperature changes from first order for LaFe_11.4Si_1.6 to second order for LaFe_10.4Si_2.6 and LaFe_9.4CoSi_2.6. The temperature dependences of the mean magnetic hyperfine field values lead to T_C values in good agreement with analyses of the magnetic measurements. The magnetic entropy change, ?ΔS_M, has been determined from the magnetization curves as functions of temperature and magnetic field (ΔB = 0 ? 5 T) by applying the standard Maxwell relation. In the case of LaFe_12.4Si_1.6 for example, the magnetic entropy change around T_C is determined to be -ΔS_M ～ 14.5 J kg^?1 K^?1 for a magnetic field change Δ B = 0 ? 5 T.     

Specific heat of Eu x Sr1−x Te

In this paper, we report on measurements of the specific heatC of single-crystalline Eu _x Sr_1–x Te at temperatures between 60 mK and 15 K and in magnetic fields up to 6 T. Pure antiferromagnetic EuTe shows unusual critical behavior in the vicinity of the Néel temperatureT _N=9.8 K with a positive critical exponent instead of the 3d-Heisenberg exponent =–0.12. Possible reasons for this discrepancy between theory and experiment include magnetic anisotropy effects due to magnetic dipole-dipole interactions, which may give rise to a cross-over of the critical behavior very close toT _N. This anisotropy is also seen in the specific heat below 1 K where an exponential decay ofC is observed, and in the dependence of the magnetic susceptibility on the direction of the applied field. With increasing dilution of EuTe with nonmagnetic Sr, the critical behavior changes: becomes negative and decreases continuously towards –1 atxx _c. This concentration dependence of was previously observed in the diluted ferromagnetic system Eu _x Sr_1–x S. Our data thus support that the apparent change in the critical behavior depends on the degree of disorder. Samples with concentrationx lower than the critical concentrationx _c reveal spin-glass behavior in the specific heat. In addition, the dependence ofT _N on magnetic fields is discussed. The data yield a normalized magnetic phase boundaryB _c(T)/B_c(T=0) vs.T _N(B)/T_N(B=0) which is independent of concentration.     

ВЛИЯНИЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ К ИСЛОРОДА НА ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЕ И ТЕ РМОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ТРОЙНОЙ СИС ТЕМЫ Вi2Те3−x Sе x

, Bi₂Te_3–x Se _x . , , . , , . .

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Influence of oxygen content on electric and thermoelectric properties of ternary system Bi₂Te_3–x Se _x

A study is made of the influence of oxygen, contained in the semi-conducting system Bi₂Te_3–x Sé _x , on the electric and thermoelectric properties. It is shown that the addition of oxygen to the prepared samples Bi₂Te_2.4Se_0.6 causes a decrease in electric conductivity while the thermoelectric force remains unchanged. This influence is connected with a decrease in the mobility of the electrons but their concentration is not influenced by the presence of oxygen. Conclusions are reached as to the influence of oxygen on the efficiency of the conversion of thermal energy into electric energy and vice versa.

     

Spin-wave resonance in [Co x Ni1 − x ]N and [Co x P1 − x ]N gradient films

Gradient films of ferromagnetic 3d metals with prescribed magnetic potential profile along the film thickness are obtained. It is found that the spin-wave resonance spectrum in these films is characterized by anomalous dependences of resonance fields of spin-wave modes H _r on the mode number: H _r(n) ～ n, H _r(n) ～ n ^2/3.     

Pb1−x Fe x films prepared by vapor condensation

ZF, LF and TF SR experiments with antiferromagnetic (AF) ceramical samples La_2–x Sr _x CuO_4–y have been performed in the temperature range 10–300 K. Zero field muon spin polarization functions obtained below the Neel temperature clearly show a nonzero initial precession phase-–0.35 rad. We propose an explanation based on existence of the dynamical magnetic fields on the muon.We thank Drs. A.G. Chistov and A.M. Brjazkalo from RSC Kurchatov Institute for the preparation the #2 La₂CuO_4–y sample.     

Lattice dynamics of ZnSe x S1 − x semiconductor crystals

Recently ultrabroadband infrared solid state lasers based on a new vibronic material Cr²⁺:ZnSe _x S_1–x were demonstrated [1–3]. Cr²⁺ ion substitutes the metal ion (tetrahedral sites), the crystal field of the solid solution is responsible for large inhomogeneous broadening of Cr²⁺ electron states. The crystal field can be reconstructed by investigation of lattice dynamics — optical phonon parameters and dielectric function in IR. We paid special attention to investigation of vibrational and infrared spectroscopic properties of ZnSe _x S_{1 ? x} crystals. A very interesting and somewhat unexpected result of these studies was the existence in the crystals of effective S-Se dipoles, which generate an additional deep dynamically charged level in the forbidden gap of the semiconductors. The results of the first-principles calculations of both the phonon structure and the electron localization in ZnSe _x S_1–x crystals as well as acceptor levels in Cr²⁺: ZnSe crystal are discussed.     

Magnetic properties of amorphous Mn x B100−x alloys

Magnetic properties of amorphous Mn _x B_100–x alloys ranging fromx = 30 to 70 under high magnetic fields and low ac magnetic fields in the temperature range from 4.2 K to room temperature have been investigated. Samples which have Mn concentrations of aboutx = 40–60 show spin-glass-like properties in the low-temperature region. This spin-glass characteristics result from a frustration in the spin system which is caused by the competition of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions between randomly distributed Mn atoms. Both magnetization at 4.2 K and paramagnetic momentP _eff as a function of Mn concentration show a peak aroundx 44 which drops rapidly towards both sides of the Mn content.     

Magnetotransport effects in paramagnetic Gd x Mn1 − x S

The electrical resistance of Gd _x Mn_{1 ? x} S solid solutions with x = 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 has been measured at magnetic field H = 0.8 T and at zero magnetic field within the 100 K < T < 550 K temperature range. The magnetoresistance peak is observed above room temperature. On heating, the composition with x = 0.2 exhibits the change of magnetoresistance sign from positive to negative and the magnetoresistance peak near the transition to the magnetically ordered state. The experimental data are interpreted in the framework of the model involving the orbital ordering of electrons and the arising electrical polarization leading to the changes in the spectral density of states for electrons in the vicinity of the chemical potential in the applied magnetic field.     

High-Moment-Low-Moment Description of Magnetovolume Effects in Y(Mn x Al 1− x ) 2 and Y x Sc 1− x Mn 2

Based on the assumption of a high-moment-low-moment instability of the Mn atom, we construct a simple spin model with coupled magnetic and spatial degrees of freedom to describe the Laves phase systems Y(Mn x Al 1 m x ) 2 and Y x Sc 1 m x Mn 2 . Monte Carlo simulations of this model qualitatively reproduce anomalies observed in these materials like a discontinuous giant volume change and anomalous thermal expansion behavior.     

Surface effect on the reverse current of Al x Ga1−x Sbp−n structures

The effect of an invertedp-region along the free surface ofn-Al _x Ga_1−x Sb on the reverse current ofp−n structures from the given solid solution is analyzed. Expressions which describe “collection” of the inverted layer current on the cylindrical surface of ann-region are discussed. The contribution of the near-surface and bulk components to the reverse current ofp−n structures with a semi-infiniten-region is estimated. For structures with a two-layern-region of finite thickness we have calculated the dependence of the near-surface current on the voltage across thep−n structure, the thickness of then-region, and its composition and doping level. We have compared the calculated current-voltage characteristics with experiment using a Al_0.15Ga_0.85Sbp−n structure as an example. Tomsk State University, Tomsk. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 34–40, January, 1999.     

Mechanism of charge transfer in injection photodiodes based on the In-n +-CdS-n-CdS x Te1 − x -p-Zn x Cd1 − x Te-Mo structure

Photosensitive In-n ⁺-CdS-n-CdS _x Te_{1 ? x} -p-Zn _x Cd_{1 ? x} Te-Mo film structures based on II–VI semiconductors and operating in the wavelength range λ = 0.490–0.855 μm have been fabricated. These structures in the forward current direction at high bias voltages operate as injection photodiodes and exhibit a high integrated sensitivity S _int ≈ 700 A/lm (14500 A/W) at room temperature. It has been found that, in the fabricated structures at low illuminance levels and low forward bias voltages (0.05–0.50 V), the diffusion and drift fluxes of nonequilibrium charge carriers are directed toward each other. This effect leads to the sign reversal of the photocurrent, which makes it possible on the basis of these structures to create selective photodetectors with injection properties. In the reverse direction of the photocurrent, these structures also operate in the mode of internal amplification of the primary photocurrent, but the integrated sensitivity in this mode is considerably less than that in the forward current direction.     

Ferromagnetic resonance study of Y3−z Ca z Fe5−x−y Co x Ge y O12 films

Conclusions It has been found that the character of the magnetic anisotropy changes markedly when the Co + Ge YIG films are doped with calcium. For the induced uniaxial and in-plane anisotropy we observe an increasing departure from the predictions based on the two-parameter model and for the cubic anisotropy the constantK ₁ becomes dependent on the growth direction. As a source for the latter effect the octahedral or tetrahedral preference of Co ions depending on the growth direction may be considered. The measured linewidth proportional to frequency indicates the presence of a relaxation mechanism which is, probably, connected with octahedral Co³⁺ ions.The authors express their thanks to Dr. P. Görnert and M. Neviva for preparation of the LPE films and to Dr. P. Novák for valuable discussions.Dedicated to Jan Kaczér DrSc on the occasion of his 65th birthday.