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为了研究管内低浓度液固两相流颗粒运动特性,提出一种基于PIV图像处理法的液固两相流颗粒速度场、涡量场及速度大小的分析方法。通过高速摄影仪获得不同工况下流场的运动图像,运用Canny算子边缘检测法分割图像提取粒子,由互相关函数获得粒子速度和方向,重建二维场。速度矢量场与颗粒运动轨迹相符,说明该方法可用于管内低浓度液固两相流动测量。研究发现:流量越大,流场越复杂,颗粒速度分布越混乱,涡量变化范围越大。流量、浓度和粒径对颗粒速度有显著影响。颗粒速度随浓度、粒径的增大而减小,而随流量增大正好相反。水平管中,颗粒粒径越小,颗粒速度增幅越大,最大约为2倍;流量越大,不同粒径组合下颗粒速度差越大,约达1.5倍。 相似文献
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本文从描述多维湍流气固两相流的两流体模型出发,导出了计算湍流气固两相流中固体颗粒扩散速度的计算模型,进而基于在一维流场中颗粒的终端速度是重力加速度gi的函数,提出在多维流场中颗粒相处于一个修正的加速度场g'i的作用下,该修正的加速度g'i包含了包括重力在内的各种力的作用,这些力对颗粒的加速作用与重力对颗粒的加速作用没有区别。根据这种观点,提出了用于模拟多维湍流气固两相流的改进的扩散模型。本文使用改进的扩散模型对台阶后方的气固两相流进行了数值模拟,并将数值计算结果与实验结果进行了比较,结果表明,改进的扩散模型的预报结果与实验结果符合得相当好。 相似文献
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射流卷吸微米级结构的图像可视化研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用单帧单曝光图像法(SFSEI)对圆管射流的卷吸结构进行了图像可视化研究。单帧单曝光图像法不同于粒子图像测速法(PIV),它是采用相对较长的单次曝光进行拍摄以获得示踪粒子的运动轨迹。实验记录了从射流开始到观测区域内卷吸的形成过程。流场图像的空间大小为6.36 mm×3.97 mm,空间分辨率达到5.3μm×5.3μm。图像记录了射流卷吸产生的精细涡结构,其尺寸分布从几十微米到几百微米。本文的实验结果有助于理解射流的卷吸机理,也表明单帧单曝光图像法可以应用于观测微米级的流动结构。 相似文献
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以两颗航天器间相对位置参数测量为研究对象,确定了基于单目计算机视觉及目标特征的测量方案,提出了基于超分辩率图像重构技术的航天器间相对位置的高精度测量方法。分析讨论了图像传感器的观察模型、图像传感器及光学测量系统的点扩散函数、配准方法、重构原理及方法。利用地面试验验证了该方法的正确性。试验结果表明:该方法与基于单帧图像及目标特征的方法、基于插值的方法相比较,在测量精度及稳定性等方面都有了较大的提高;与基于单帧图像及目标特征的方法相结合,不仅可以保证在不同作用距离上相对位置的高精度测量,而且具有较高的测量稳定性和可靠性。 相似文献
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针对在高温燃烧环境中的颗粒辐射传热问题,基于普朗克辐射定律,提出了用于高温颗粒辐射传热参数在线测量的辐射光谱法,根据高温颗粒可见波段辐射光谱随波长变化情况,通过参数拟合方法直接获得颗粒温度及辐射强度等辐射传热参数。为验证该方法测量准确性,搭建了高温黑体炉辐射测量系统,实验测量结果显示:温度测量值与设定温度相对偏差小于3%;辐射强度测量值与理论计算值相对偏差小于5%。以此为基础,设计了应用于高温燃烧环境下的颗粒辐射传热参数测量的水冷结构探针,并利用该探针开展了高温燃烧环境气固两相流200~1 100 nm波段辐射光谱测量,基于上述方法,直接获得了高温颗粒温度、辐射强度等辐射传热参数沿截面分布情况,有效剥离了高温气体对流传热的影响,为高温颗粒辐射传热研究提供数据支撑。 相似文献
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Ronald J. Adrian 《Optics and Lasers in Engineering》1988,9(3-4):211-228
A particle image velocimeter method is described in which double exposed fields of particles moving in a two-dimensional slice of a steady turbulent flow are photographed repeatedly to build up a statistical ensemble of flow field realizations on a single photographic plate. Each interrogation spot on the plate contains a sample of the probability density function of the two components of velocity that lie in the photographic object plane, assuming paraxial photography. Theory is developed showing how this sample can be measured by two-dimensional spatial correlation analysis, followed by deconvolution to remove the effects of finite particle image size. The probability density measurements are biased inherently against large velocities, but these effects can be minimized and/or corrected. 相似文献
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A real-time video encoded particle imaging tracking technique (VPIT) for velocity measurement has been developed. It can currently capture images of a seeded particle flow field at up to a video rate of 25 pictures per second. The method as shown in this paper is suitable for measuring a slow sparsely seeded flow. A VPIT image presents a triplet image pattern. The image has been encoded into a single video frame with the time history of three events. This is achieved by synchronising the video (CCIR) signal from a CCD (charge coupled device) camera, operating in frame integration mode with a suitable light source. The principle of VPIT demonstrates how the direction and the magnitude of the velocity can be recorded for a sequence or track of particles. The VPIT triplet images resolve several common difficulties associated with the application of PIV. Firstly, the time history of the laser pulse can be ‘labeled’ on an individual particle image. Secondly, there is no velocity direction ambiguity in the VPIT image. Thirdly, it is possible to extract the acceleration of the particle from a single VPIT frame. Finally, for a sequence of captured frames, the problems of particle path tracking are simplified, because each VPIT image has a video encoded time sequence ‘labelled’ on it. 相似文献
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示踪粒子在(高)超声速流场中的动力学响应是粒子成像测速等粒子示踪测量技术的关键问题之一.现有文献对粒子动力学响应的试验测量往往是通过单个斜激波响应的测量方法.然而,当示踪粒子用于测量高速飞行器发动机内部复杂的激波串流场时,粒子将经历由多道激波导致的速度、压力、黏性等剧烈变化.本文结合目前(高)超声速飞行器的研究热潮,重点关注示踪粒子在应用于发动机内部具有连续激波的复杂流场测量中存在的跟随性评估方面,开展了一系列的相关试验研究.包括测量超声速风洞的喷管出口速度分布以验证测试系统的性能,在马赫4.2和3.0流场中测量了粒子对二维10°和15°单斜劈绕流中的斜激波动力响应,并测量了模拟发动机内部连续梯度的双斜劈粒子斜激波动力响应.结合粒子动力学的理论模型,得到了各状态的粒子弛豫时间、弛豫距离、Stokes数.基于图像方法、统计学规律分析了激波非定常抖动对测量结果的影响,并对测量结果进行了修正.结果显示,相同斜劈角度下,马赫数越高,粒子的弛豫时间、弛豫距离就越大.但是在相同的来流马赫数下,斜劈角度越大,粒子的弛豫时间、弛豫距离反而减小.在强梯度之后由于流场的雷诺数和黏性系数变化剧烈,粒子的跟随性降低了大约5.7%,stokes数增加了约1%.虽然在本文条件下Stokes数仍满足超声速流场对粒子跟随性的要求,但粒子响应的降低无疑是值得关注的,尤其是当其被应用于具有更多连续梯度的复杂流场测量中. 相似文献
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A speckle photography technique has been applied to measuring the velocity profiles of laminar and turbulent flow through pipes of circular cross-section. A single exposure photography technique has been used to visualize slow fluid flow. The fluids used were seeded with tracer particles whose size range from 20 to about 120 μm in diameter. A mathematical expression representing the recorded intensity is presented. A single exposure with a long exposure time was taken on a holographic film material. The recorded intensity was represented by the convolution product of the image formed and a rectangular function representing a one-dimensional continuous motion. The analysis shows that the intensity distribution of the Fourier spectrum of the diffracted image follows a sinc2 function on a noise background representing the scattered light of the tracer particles. 相似文献
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S. Someya D. Ochi Y. Li K. Tominaga K. Ishii K. Okamoto 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2010,99(1-2):325-332
This paper proposes a combined method for two-dimensional temperature and velocity measurements using temperature sensitive particles (TSParticles), a pulsed ultraviolet (UV) laser and a single high-speed camera. TSParticles were synthesized using ion-exchange particles and Eu(TTA) luminescent dye. The size and material of the particles for synthesizing TSParticles are selectable. TSParticles respond to temperature changes in a flow and can also serve as tracers for the velocity field. TSParticles were seeded into a heated water flow in a complex-shaped channel constructed of MEXFLON resin, which has a refractive index exactly equal to that of water. Particle images of flow beyond the structure can be recorded without any distortion. The TSParticles were excited by the UV pulsed laser and the luminescence from the TSParticles were recorded at 40,000 frames per second as sequential images for a lifetime-based temperature analysis. Another advantage of our approach is that high time-resolved PIV can be carried out without a high-frequency laser. The recorded images were also used for the particle image velocimetry (PIV) calculation. 相似文献
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针对紧凑型聚变反应堆独特的磁势阱结构, 使用蒙特卡罗方法研究单个高能带电粒子的约束动力学行为。考虑到磁场位型的局域平坦性, 在足够小的计算区域或足够短的时间内, 带电粒子基本上在一个常数磁场中的运动。基于此, 给出精确保证能量守恒的粒子运动方程逐点解析解, 该计算方案具有长时间追踪的能力。模拟结果表明: 对于初始位置和速度方向随机分布的具有1千电子伏能量的高能氘粒子, 大约有7%的概率能够约束至10 ms量级。由于粒子运动方程的求解过程不依赖于具体的磁场位型, 所以它可以方便地应用到具有任意位型的磁约束装置中。 相似文献
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In this paper a digital in-line holographic recording and reconstruction system was set up and used in the particle image velocimetry for the 3Dt-3c (the three-component (3c), velocity vector field measurements in a three-dimensional (3D), space field with time history (t)) flow measurements that made up of the new full-flow field experimental technique—digital holographic particle image velocimetry (DHPIV). The traditional holographic film was replaced by a CCD chip that records instantaneously the interference fringes directly without the darkroom processing, and the virtual image slices in different positions were reconstructed by computation using Fresnel–Kirchhoff integral method from the digital holographic image. Also a complex field signal filter (analyzing image calculated by its intensity and phase from real and image parts in fast fourier transform (FFT)) was applied in image reconstruction to achieve the thin focus depth of image field that has a strong effect with the vertical velocity component resolution. Using the frame-straddle CCD device techniques, the 3c velocity vector was computed by 3D cross-correlation through space interrogation block matching through the reconstructed image slices with the digital complex field signal filter. Then the 3D-3c-velocity field (about 20 000 vectors), 3D-streamline and 3D-vorticiry fields, and the time evolution movies (30 field/s) for the 3Dt-3c flows were displayed by the experimental measurement using this DHPIV method and techniques. 相似文献
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Christopher Abram Benoit Fond Andrew L. Heyes Frank Beyrau 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2013,111(2):155-160
Simultaneous gas-phase temperature and velocity imaging using micrometer-size thermographic phosphor particles seeded into the flow is demonstrated at a 3 kHz repetition rate. The velocity field is measured using a standard particle image velocimetry approach, while the temperature is determined from the temperature sensitive phosphorescence emission of the particles following excitation at 355 nm. Since the particles are very small, they rapidly assume the temperature and velocity of the surrounding gas. A single shot temperature precision of better than 5 % was achieved at 500 K. Time-resolved measurements in the wake of a heated cylinder are presented, demonstrating the utility of these imaging diagnostics to observe transient, coupled heat and mass transfer phenomena. 相似文献
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Christof Grüner Wolfgang Kanther Sren Gtz Karl Strauß 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2004,21(3):219-227
The behavior of the particulate phase in a highly turbulent gas flow has been investigated in a vertical channel. Variations of the flow configuration (1. Flow past a cylinder, 2. flow past a wall‐mounted obstacle and 3. flow around a horizontally injected jet) have been subject to both experiments and numerical simulations. The velocity vector field of the solid phase has been measured by digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). The measurements have been focused on particle‐obstacle collisions and crossflow in the vicinity of the jet nozzle using the lately developed twinpeak detection method. By application of this method regions of highly inhomogeneous particle behavior could be detected mainly upstream of the flow perturbation. Numerical results have been obtained by an Eulerian‐Lagrangian method on boundary‐fitted grids. Particle‐particle interactions as well as interphase exchange of momentum have been taken into account. The simulation results showed to be well in accordance with the experimental results. 相似文献
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Simultaneous 2D flow velocity and gas temperature measurements using thermographic phosphors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper a new approach for simultaneous 2D velocity and temperature measurements using phosphoric particles is presented.
The phosphoric particles respond to the temperature changes in the flow while acting as tracers for velocity mapping. The
temperature sensitive particles were seeded into a heated flow and were excited by a pulsed UV laser. The subsequent red shifted
emission was detected and analyzed to infer temperature using calibration procedures for lifetime and emission spectra against
temperature. The diameter of the temperature sensitive particles, usually in the range of 1–10 μm, makes them useful for velocity
measurements using particle image velocimetry (PIV). As such, simultaneous measurement of temperature and flow velocity of
a gaseous flow were performed and presented.
PACS 42.62.-b; 47.80.Cb; 47.80.Fg 相似文献