常见毒品的毛细管电泳分析

系统地研究了毛细管电泳分析中各种因素对常见毒品混合物分析的影响，用均匀设计确定了适用几类毒品分离分析的最佳电泳条件。并采用固相提取技术、毛细管区带电泳检测方法对血和尿生物检材中的冰毒、吗啡、单乙酰吗啡、可待因、海洛因等毒品进行了测定。通过对各种提取剂回收率的测定，认为ＧＤＸ３０１和反相Ｃ１８提取效果较好；并考察了几种毒品的线性关系、最小检测量等，为体内毒品分析提供了一些可借鉴的数据     

毛细管电泳免疫分析

本文首先对毛细管电泳免疫分析进行了对比。然后,从毛细管电泳免疫分析的不同免疫模式和不同电泳模式两方面以及技术进展,对近几年毛细管电泳免疫分析的多个应用领域进行了综述。     

Capillary Electrophoretic Identification of Commercial Gelling Agents

Gelling agents based on polysaccharides have become extremely important in the food industry. As more and more products like soups and sauces have become available in lyophilized form, thickeners have to be added to give a controlled consistency to the finished meal. A capillary electrophoretic method has been developed to investigate the monosaccharide composition of hydrolyzed thickeners. 2-Aminoanthracene was used as a derivatization reagent to allow sensitive fluorescence detection. This system was applied to a set of standard thickeners as well as to food samples.     

毛细管电泳分离检测常见的鸦片毒品

本文叙述了常见鸦片制品中海洛因、吗啡、６－单乙酰吗啡、可待因、乙酰可待因、咖啡因、罂粟碱及可卡因８种组分的毛细管电泳分离与检测方法，讨论了在不同电泳体系中各种组分的电泳行为和分离效率。在最佳条件下，一次进样可以同时获得上述组分的基线分离，检出限可达０．８－１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ水平。     

Capillary Electrophoretic Determination of Gatifloxacin from Pharmaceutical Preparation

Capillary zone electrophoresis has been used for the determination of gatifloxacin from its pharmaceutical preparation (tablets), using fused silica capillary. Separation was performed after hydrodynamic injection; the separation was achieved by applying 21 Kv voltage. Phosphate buffer solution (pH 9.5) was used as separation electrolyte. Detection was at 280 nm using a UV- detector. Under these experimental conditions the analysis takes 8 min. A linearity range for gatifloxacin was between 20.0 g mL^–1 to 60.0 g mL^–1. The method was validated and was found to be specific, precise, accurate, reproducible and robust and can be applied for the routine analysis of gatifloxacin from formulation and bulk drug.     

毛细管电泳免疫分析法分析雌三醇

利用一种温敏水凝胶作为毛细管电泳的填充介质，建立了毛细管电泳免疫分析血清中雌三醇的方法。研究了缓冲溶液的浓度和pH值、水凝胶的浓度、电压等因素对分析结果的影响。雌三醇的检出限和线性范围分别为31．6ng／L和50-5000ng／L。     

Capillary electrophoresis-chemiluminescence determination of norfloxacin and prulifloxacin

A capillary electrophoresis (CE)–chemiluminescence (CL) method for determining norfloxacin (NFLX) and prulifloxacin (PFLX) was developed based on the enhanced CL intensity of the cerium(IV)–sulfite–fluoroquinolone (FQ) reaction sensitized by terbium(III). The separation was conducted in buffer composed of 20 mM sodium citrate, 4 mM citric acid and 10 mM sodium sulfite at pH 6.1. The CL reagent solution consisted of 2 mM cerium(IV), 4 mM terbium(III) and 1.1 mM hydrochloric acid. NFLX and PFLX were baseline separated within 11 min with detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.057 and 0.084 μg mL⁻¹, respectively. The maximum intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (R.S.D.s) of migration time of the analytes were less than 4.0% and 4.2%, respectively. The proposed method was applied to detect NFLX and PFLX in fortified urine sample and the results were comparable to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)–UV method. Moreover, the high selectivity of the CL detection and the high-separation efficiency of CE render the method the potential of quick analyzing fluoroquinolones in real complex matrix.     

用毛细管电泳法对某些药物的分离试验

本文采用毛细管电泳法,以50μm内径,45cm长的弹性石英毛细管作为分离管,选用磷酸盐-硼酸盐-十二烷基硫酸钠缓冲溶液体系,在柱254nm紫外检测器,在不同的电泳电压下,对水溶性维生素,磺胺类药物、头孢菌素抗生素,解热镇痛药物有效成份进行了分析,取得较满意的结果。     

九种嘌呤碱的毛细管区带电泳分离

用毛细管区带电泳法分离和测定咖啡碱，９－Ｎ二羟丙基茶碱，可可碱，腺嘌呤，鸟嘌呤、茶碱、黄嘌呤、尿酸和６－巯基嘌呤，在熔硅毛细管（７０ｃｍ×７５μｍｉ．ｄ，有效长度６３ｃｍ）内，使用０．０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｐＨ＝１０）硼砂缓冲溶液，电压为２５ｋＶ温度为３０℃，真空进样１ｓ，于２６０ｎｍ处检测，可在７ｍｉｎ内分离上述到９种嘌呤碱，理论塔板数达到３．０×１０＾５，检测限达ｆｍｏｌ级，方法用于人尿分析，结果令     

用于电渗控制的新型毛细管电泳装置

提出了一种可利用径向电场控制电渗的新型毛细管电泳装置，着重讨论了其工作原理，电渗控制方法及相关结果。该装置不仅能方便地实现电渗的电场控制，而且通过略加改进，还能与商品仪器兼容。     

Capillary Electrophoretic Determination of Tetramethylthiuram Disulphide (Thiram)

SUMMARY

A simple and sensitive capillary electrophoretic method was developed for the separation and determination of Thiram in boric acid buffer by direct UV absorbance detection at λ = 254 nm. The separation behaviour of Thiram from Nabam was studied and it is dependent on pH and the nature of the buffer. The detection limit (S/N = 3) is 0.5 μg/ml for Thiram. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of wheat samples spiked with Thiram.     

神经递质类相关物质的毛细管电泳分离及实际尿液的检测应用

建立了单胺类神经递质（5-羟色胺、多巴胺和肾上腺素）、神经递质类代谢产物（高香草酸、5-羟吲哚乙酸和香草扁桃酸）及神经递质类前体（精氨酸和酪氨酸）混合物的毛细管电泳（CE）分离方法. 利用标准试剂混合样考察了缓冲体系的组成、pH值及添加剂对分离的影响,并探讨了尿液中基体成分如肌酸酐、尿酸和乙酰乙酸对分离的干扰. 在Na₂B₄O₇-NaOH缓冲体系（pH=9.90）及紫外（UV）检测（波长200 nm）条件下对8种神经递质类相关物质的分析获得了良好的定量线性关系,检出限（LOD）为0.04~0.60 μmol/L,迁移时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差（RSD,n=5）范围分别为0.09% ~0.48%和0.47% ~3.34%. 利用该方法对实际尿液中的精氨酸和香草扁桃酸进行了定性和定量分析,其定量结果分别为（95.8±3.8）和（44.6±3.5） μmol/L,加标回收率为96.65%~104.5%.     

Capillary electrochromatographic separation of illicit drugs employing a cyano stationary phase

In this study, we present a capillary electrochromatographic method for separation of basic compounds of interest in forensic science (amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, cocaine, codeine, heroin, morphine, and 6-monoacethylmorphine). Several analytical conditions were taken into account to completely separate in the same run the 10 drugs of abuse analyzed. Chromatographic retention, selectivity and efficiency were evaluated in dependence of the type of stationary phase (CN and RP-C₁₈ derivatized silica particles), mobile phase composition, buffer type and pH, sample injection. The optimum separation parameters were set up using a mixture of aqueous sodium phosphate buffer (pH 2.5)/acetonitrile (80/20, v/v) as the mobile phase, 10 kV and 20 °C as applied voltage and capillary temperature, respectively. Under these conditions all the studied analytes were baseline resolved within 20 min. The method performance was investigated in terms of precision, linearity, sensitivity and accuracy to demonstrate the applicability of the developed capillary electrochromatographic system to forensic analysis. Calibration curves provided a good linearity over a working range of 100–1200 ng/mL for all analytes. Limits of detection and quantification were in the range 5–12 ng/mL and 10–30 ng/mL, respectively. Then the method was applied to the analysis of a human urine sample spiked with a basic compounds’ mixture. Urine samples’ pre-treatment was carried out through a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure on strong cation exchange (SCX) cartridges.     

环糊精毛细管区带电泳分离手性药物对映体

分别以2种天然环糊精(β、γ-环糊精)、2种常用的电中性环糊精衍生物(羟丙基-β-环糊精、二甲基-β-环糊精)和3种新型荷电环糊精衍生物(高取代磺酸基α、β、γ-环糊精)作为毛细管区带电泳手性添加剂,研究了环糊精的类型对6种手性药物对映体分离的影响.2种天然环糊精对所研究的手性药物均无手性识别能力,而环糊精经过衍生化后手性识别能力得到了很大的提髙,尤其是高取代磺酸基β-环糊精使6种手性药物均得到了基线分离.还考察了缓冲溶液的pH值和有机添加剂对手性分离的影响.     

Food Analysis on Electrophoretic Microchips

One of the current trends of separation techniques in analytical chemistry is miniaturization. The aim of miniaturization is to attain better performance, shorter analysis time, and reduced reagent consumption. Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) microchips, the first generation of micro-total analysis systems, are the most used microsystems in food analysis. The scope of this review is to gather and discuss the different applications of such miniaturized devices in this field. Various analytes of food significance such as natural antioxidants, amino acids, proteins, dyes, vanilla flavors, DNA probes, heavy metals, toxins, allergens etc. have been successfully monitored using CE-microchips, either to assess food quality or to ensure food safety. Also, to deal with the high complexity of food matrices, the integration of sample preparation steps onto the chip and the use of new tools from nanotechnology for the detection step have been reported.     

Capillary Electrophoretic Determination of Citalopram in Pharmaceutical Tablets and Serum

Determination of citalopram by capillary electrophoresis is described. Compounds were separated at 28 kV in 75 μm i.d. fused silica capillary tubing (total length 85 cm, effective length 65 cm) with 10 mM borate buffer, pH 8.5, containing 10% (v/v) methanol as running buffer. Citalopram and propylparaben (IS) appeared at 3.5 and 5.5 min, respectively. Repeatable linear results were obtained. The limits of detection and quantification were 5.73 × 10⁻⁶ and 1.72 × 10⁻⁵ M, respectively. When citalopram was determined in a pharmaceutical tablet by capillary electrophoresis and by a UV-spectrophotometric method differences between the results were not significant. The citalopram content of tablets was 100.8 ± 2.95% of the label claim. The amount found in serum was 26.7 ± 0.1% of the free drug, indicating that 73.3% of the drug was bound to protein.     

Capillary electrophoresis with direct chemiluminescence detection for the analysis of catecholamines in human urine

A rapid and sensitive method for the analysis of three catecholamines by capillary electrophoresis(CE)with directchemiluminescence(CL)detection is described.The detection limits(S/N=3)were 1.3*10-8g/mL for isoprenaline,1.0*10-8g/mL for epinephrine and 2.8*10-8g/mL for dopamine.The proposed method was successfully applied to theanalysis of catecholamines in urine samples of cigarette smokers and nonsmokers.The results showed that there is a close relationbetween the release of dopamine in human body fluids and cigarette smoking/nonsmoking.     

Capillary electrophoresis of trace metals in highly saline physiological sample matrices

Trace metal ions in highly saline samples such as urine were determined with capillary electrophoresis (CE) without desalting or off-line preconcentration. By mixing with a dye, 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR), the metal ions were converted into anionic complexes having strong absorbance near 500 nm. A large volume of the metal-PAR complex sample solution injected into a coated capillary was stacked isotachophoretically and separated under a reverse potential. The salt anion (chloride) and PAR in the sample matrix acted as the leading and terminating electrolytes, respectively. In a sample containing a 250 mM NaCl matrix, more than 400-fold enhancement in the absorbance detector response was realized compared to the normal CE injection mode. Combination of the dye complexation and isotachophoretic stacking provided excellent detection limits (S/N = 3) for three trace metal ions in the low ppb range (Fe(2+), 0.7 ppb, Ni(2+), 0.4 ppb; Zn(2+), 1.2 ppb) with absorbance detection. The migration time reproducibility was excellent (relative standard deviations: standard samples < 1%, urine samples approximately 1%). The proposed method is convenient and fast, and the sample analysis can be completed within 20 min.     

毛细管电泳-电化学发光法研究阿莫西林在人尿中的药代动力学

建立了毛细管电泳一电化学发光(CE-ECL)法测定人尿中阿莫西林的新方法,并将该方法用于人尿中阿莫西林药代动力学的研究.结果表明:阿莫西林在尿液中平均回收率为95.35%,该方法的线性范围为0.001～5.0μg/mL,检出限(3σ)为0.32ng/mL,对1.0μg/mL阿莫西林连续测定6次,其相对标准偏差小于2.0%.给药后6 h内的排泄率为44.54%,人尿中阿莫西林最大药物浓度出现时间为1.0～1.5 h.本方法用于人尿中阿莫西林药代动力学的研究具有快速、简便、灵敏、样品用量少等特点.     

一种新型硝化抑制剂的毛细管电泳与电色谱分析比较

本研究采用毛细管电泳与电色谱两种方法,在优化分离条件下将3,5-二甲基吡唑新型硝化抑制剂与土壤样品中的其它成分进行分离。通过比较其检出限及标准工作曲线证明:两种方法定量准确度相近,但毛细管电色谱法在实际样品的分离中具有明显的优势,是进一步研究该新产品的较好的分离分析方法。